System for reducing noise sounding in passenger compartment of vehicle

• US 5,410,604 A
• Filed: 04/14/1992
• Issued: 04/25/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Saito, Hiroyuki, Kusano, Masahiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Kuntz, Curtis
• Assistant Examiner(s): LEE, PING
• Application Number:
  US07/867,827
• Time in Patent Office: 1,106 Days
• Field of Search: 381/71, 381/94
• US Class Current: 381/71.4
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17817 between the output signals and the error signals, i.e. secondary path
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17821 characterised by the analysis of the input signals only
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17823 Reference signals, e.g. ambient acoustic environment
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17825 Error signals
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17833 by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17854 the filter being an adaptive filter
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17857 Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17883 the reference signal being derived from a machine operating condition, e.g. engine RPM or vehicle speed
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/106 Boxes, i.e. active box covering a noise source; Enclosures
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3033 Information contained in memory, e.g. stored signals or transfer functions
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3042 Parallel processing
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3046 Multiple acoustic inputs, multiple acoustic outputs
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3049 Random noise used, e.g. in model identification
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3225 Radio or other sources used in ANC for transfer function estimation; Means to avoid interference between desired signals, e.g. from a car stereo, and the ANC signal

Abstract

A system for reducing a closed sound generated by propagation of vibrations into a limited space such as a vehicular compartment using at least one microphone and at least one speaker. In the closed sound reducing system, a volatile memory such as a RAM is installed for storing a measured newest value of a vibration propagation transfer function cfm(j) and a non-volatile memory such as a ROM is installed for storing a standard value of the vibration propagation transfer function. When the stored data of the volatile memory is erased, the standard value stored in the non-volatile memory is used in place of the measured newest value stored in the volatile memory.

Claims

1. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space, comprising:

a) first means for receiving a sound wave generated due to a propagation from a noise source into the limited space, said noise source comprising a vehicular engine, and for transducing the sound wave to output an electrical signal according to the sound wave;

b) second means responsive to the electrical signal from said first means for calculating a new sound wave having the same amplitude as the sound wave and having a phase 180°

opposite to the sound wave on a basis of a spatial acoustic transfer characteristic of the limited space for propagation of the new sound wave, said new sound wave being interfered with the sound wave propagated from the noise source;

c) third means for measuring the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic of the limited space;

d) a volatile memory for storing the measured value of the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic as its stored data;

e) a non-volatile memory for storing a standard value of the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic as its stored data, said second means calculating the new sound wave on the basis of the standard value of the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic derived from the non-volatile memory in place of the measured value of the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic from the volatile memory when the stored data in the volatile memory is erased, and

an identifying switch,

wherein said second means includes a microprocessor,

wherein said microprocessor determines whether the engine is stopped and determines whether the identifying switch is turned on or off upon determining that the engine has stopped, and,

when determining that the identifying switch is turned on, said microprocessor compares an identification end code in the volatile memory with an identification end code in the non-volatile memory, determines that the measured value of the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic stored in the volatile memory is a correct value of a newest acoustic transfer characteristic derived upon a previous identification processing when the identification end codes coincide with each other, sets a key code indicating that the data in the volatile memory is correct, and executes the identification processing when the identification end codes do not coincide with each other until the identification end codes coincide with each other.

2. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 1, wherein the limited space is a vehicular compartment.

3. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 2, wherein said volatile memory is a RAM and said non-volatile memory is a ROM.

4. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 3, wherein a power supply to said RAM is backed up by a vehicular battery and the standard value stored in said ROM is used to calculate the new sound wave in place of the measured value stored in the RAM when no back up power supply to the RAM occurs so that the measured value in the RAM is erased.

5. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 4, wherein the standard value stored in the ROM is a specified value determined for each vehicular model and stored during a shipment of the system.

6. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 5, wherein a bias supply of the RAM includes a DC/DC converter connected directly to the vehicular battery and the bias supply of another electrical equipment of the vehicle is connected to another DC/DC converter, said another DC/DC converter being connected to the vehicular battery via an ignition switch.

7. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 6, wherein said first means includes:

an engine revolution speed sensor for detecting an engine revolution speed and outputting the engine revolution signal indicating the engine revolution speed;

first signal processing means for shaping the engine revolution signal into a digital reference signal x(n) with a predetermined sampling period, where n is an integer representing a sample of the reference signal at an nth sampling period;

a plurality of microphones installed on a ceiling portion of the vehicular compartment for receiving and transducing a combined sound wave resulting from the interference between the new sound wave and the sound wave propagated from the noise source in the vehicular compartment;

a plurality of amplifiers and subsequent low-pass filters for amplifying the transduced sound wave signal from the respective microphones and subjecting the amplified and transduced sound wave signal to an anti-alias-filtering; and

a multiplexer and A/D converter for converting the signal passed through the low-pass filters into a corresponding digital signal ell(n), and said second means is responsive to said digital reference signal x(n) and to said corresponding digital signal ell(n) for calculating said new sound wave.

8. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 7, wherein said second means further includes:

a D/A converter connected to the microprocessor, a multiplexer connected to an output of the D/A converter, and a plurality of speakers respectively connected to the multiplexer and installed in the vehicular compartment for outputting the new sound wave.

9. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 8, wherein said microprocessor includes an adaptive filter of a Finite Impulse Response type having updated filter coefficients Wm (n, i) (wherein m=1 through M indicates the number of the speakers and i=0 through I-1 denotes the number of microphones) and the filter coefficients Wm(i) of the adaptive filter are updated by the microprocessor as follows:

##EQU9## wherein α

denotes a constant and γ

lm(n-i) is expressed as follows;

##EQU10## wherein x(n-j) denotes a reference signal of j-th number of x(n), clm(j) (0≦

j≦

J-1;

J denoting a number of taps in the Finite Impulse Response filter) denotes a system impulse response from a time when any one of the microphones receives the closed sound wave to a time when an error signal el(n) is output from the A/D converter and corresponds to an acoustic transfer function from an m-th number of the speakers to an l-th number of the microphones, the value of Clm(j) being measured by the third means and wherein the microprocessor outputs the new closed sound wave signal y_m (n) from the m-th number of the speakers, expressed as follows;

##EQU11## wherein (n-i) denotes the i-th number of the reference signal x(n), n denotes a sampling period, and i is an integer denoting a specific one of a number I of filter coefficients.

10. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 9, wherein, when determining that the identifying switch is turned off, the microprocessor compares the key code in the RAM with that in the ROM, the value stored in the RAM is used for the value of the clm(j) when the result of comparison indicates coincidence, and the standard value stored in the ROM is used for the value of Clm(j) when the result of comparison indicates no coincidence.

11. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 8, wherein said identification processing is such that a white noise is output from each of the speakers.

12. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space as set forth in claim 8, wherein said identification processing is such that an impulse sound wave is output from each of the speakers.

13. A system for reducing a vibration sound propagated into a vehicular compartment, comprising:

a) first means for receiving a harmonic sound signal of a vehicular engine vibration sound and outputting, against the harmonic signal, a cancelling sound having a magnitude substantially equal to a magnitude of the vibration sound and having a phase of 180-degrees relative to a phase of the vibration sound;

b) second means for detecting a residual vibration sound created by a combination of the vibration sound and the cancelling sound outputted by the first means;

c) third means for adaptively adjusting the cancelling sound from the first means on the basis of the residual vibration sound using a vibration propagation spatial acoustic transfer function from a position of the first means to that of the second means so as to reduce a vibration energy detected by the second means, thereby reducing total vibration propagated into the vehicular compartment;

d) a volatile memory for storing a measured newest vibration propagation spatial acoustic transfer function so as to update a previously measured vibration propagation spatial acoustic transfer function;

e) a non-volatile memory for storing a predetermined standard value of the vibration propagation spatial acoustic transfer function, and

an identifying switch,

wherein said third means includes a microprocessor,

wherein said microprocessor determines whether the engine is stopped and determines whether the identifying switch is turned on or off upon determining that the engine has stopped, and,

when determining that the identifying switch is turned on, said microprocessor compares an identification end code in the volatile memory with an identification end code in the non-volatile memory, determines that the measured value of the spatial acoustic transfer characteristic stored in the volatile memory is a correct value of the newest acoustic transfer characteristic derived upon a previous identification processing when the identification end codes coincide with each other, sets a key code indicating that the data in the volatile memory is correct, and executes the identification processing when the identification end codes do not coincide with each other until the identification end codes coincide with each other, and

wherein said microprocessor of said third means adjusts the cancelling sound using the vibration

14. A system as set forth in claim 13, wherein:

said first means comprises M speakers, where M is an integer greater than 0 and said second means comprises L microphones, where L is an integer greater than 0;

said spatial acoustic transfer function represents an impulse response Clm from an mth speaker to an lth microphone where m and l are integers less than M and L, respectively; and

said predetermined standard value of the vibration propagation spatial acoustic transfer function represents a response to white noise.

15. A system as set forth in claim 14, wherein said predetermined standard value of the vibration propagation spatial acoustic transfer function represents a response to a white noise generator applied during manufacturing shipment of the vehicle.

16. A system for reducing a sound in a limited space, comprising:

a) first means for receiving a sound wave generated due to a propagation from a noise source into the limited space, said noise source comprising a vehicular engine, and for transducing the sound wave to output an electrical signal according to the sound wave;

b) second means responsive to the electrical signal from said first means for calculating a new sound wave having the same amplitude as the sound wave and having a phase 180°

opposite to the sound wave on a basis of an acoustic transfer characteristic of the limited space, said new sound wave interfering with said sound wave to reduce the total sound in the limited space;

c) third means for measuring the acoustic transfer characteristic of the limited space;

d) a volatile memory for storing the measured value of the acoustic transfer characteristic as its stored data;

e) a non-volatile memory for storing a standard value of the acoustic transfer characteristic as its stored data, said second means calculating the new sound wave on the basis of the standard value of the acoustic transfer characteristic derived from the non-volatile memory when the stored data in the volatile memory is erased, and

f) fourth means, comprising an identifying switch for inputting a signal to said second means,

wherein said second means includes a microprocessor,

wherein said microprocessor determines whether the engine is stopped and determines whether the identifying switch is turned on or off upon determining that the engine has stopped, and,

when determining that the identifying switch is turned on, said microprocessor compares an identification end code in the volatile memory with an identification end code in the non-volatile memory, determines that the measured value of the acoustic transfer characteristic stored in the volatile memory is a correct value of a newest acoustic transfer characteristic derived upon a previous identification processing when the identification end codes coincide with each other, sets a key code indicating that the data in the volatile memory is correct, and executes the identification processing when the identification end codes do not coincide with each other until the identification end codes coincide with each other,

said microprocessor being further responsive to said signal from said fourth means by selecting one of said measured acoustic transfer characteristic from said volatile memory and said standard value of the acoustic transfer characteristic from said non-volatile memory for calculating the new sound wave.

17. A system as set forth in claim 16, wherein said identifying switch of said fourth means comprises a user operated switch means, said second means responding to indication of a first position of said user operated switch means by said signal from said fourth means by initiating a process to provide the measured value of the acoustic transfer characteristic to said volatile memory.

18. A system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said second means responding to indication of a second position of said user operated switch means by said signal from said fourth means by using said standard value of the acoustic transfer characteristic from said non-volatile memory for calculating the new sound wave.