Generation of interdependent font characters based on ligature and glyph categorizations

• US 5,412,771 A
• Filed: 02/07/1992
• Issued: 05/02/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/07/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fen Bat Management, Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Signature Software, Inc.
• Inventors: Fenwick, Daniel J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Herndon, Heather R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): FEILD, JOSEPH H
• Application Number:
  US07/832,599
• Time in Patent Office: 1,180 Days
• Field of Search: 382/13, 382/14, 382/15, 382/9, 382/54, 382/16, 395/150, 395/151, 395/143
• US Class Current: 345/468
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/109 Font handling; Temporal or kinetic typography
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 15/02 using printers
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2215/0028 characterised by the format per se
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2215/0068 Line composition, e.g. kerning

Abstract

A method is described for producing a font for creating strings of glyphs representing characters in a language having a handwritten, or other, appearance. The method starts with the step of categorizing each glyph within a set of glyphs to be utilized to create the font according to a set of predefined ligature types. The set of predefined ligature types includes a null ligature type which corresponds to glyphs which are next to a white spaces or next to other glyphs with proper null ligature types. Since each glyph has a left side and a right side, or in some languages, a top and bottom, each of the glyphs is operative to be categorized in as many as two ligature type categories (glyphs could also be categorized in the same ligature type category twice). After the glyphs are categorized, values associated with ligatures of the glyphs categorized within each of the ligature type categories are averaged to produce representative ligature values for each of the ligature type categories. These glyphs are then modified, as necessary, to produce a modified set of glyphs. A modified glyph has ligature values which have been conformed to the representative ligature values from a ligature type category corresponding to the modified glyph. Finally, the various glyphs from the modified set of glyphs are assigned to the strings of glyphs to represent characters as required by the font so as to produce strings of glyphs having a handwritten appearance.

Claims

1. A computer implemented method, using a prototype set of glyph image data, for producing a contextual font for creating strings of glyphs representing characters in a language having a desired appearance, comprising the steps of:

from a prototype set of glyph image data, said glyph image data comprising a set of glyphs, categorizing each glyph within said set of glyphs to be utilized to create said font according to a set of predefined ligature types, each of said glyphs having either zero ligatures, one ligature, or two ligatures, each of said ligatures having an appearance value, such that each of said glyphs is categorized into at least two ligature type categories;

averaging appearance values associated with ligatures of said glyphs categorized within each of said ligature type categories to produce a representative ligature defined by representative appearance values for each of said ligature type categories; and

modifying said set of glyphs to produce a modified set of glyphs representing said font, each of said glyphs being modified as necessary to conform said appearance values for each of said glyphs to said representative appearance values from a ligature type category corresponding to each of said glyphs,

whereby strings of glyphs produced from said modified set of glyphs have said desired appearance.

2. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 1, wherein said step of categorizing includes the step of calculating said appearance values for each of said ligatures of said glyphs and categorizing each of said glyphs within one of said ligature type categories according to said appearance values, said appearance values including at least one slope value and at least one position value for at least one predefined characteristic of one of said ligatures, and wherein said averaging includes the steps of:

averaging all of said slope values corresponding to each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category to produce an average slope value for each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category;

averaging all of said position values corresponding to each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category to produce an average position value for each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category; and

combining each said average slope value and each said average position value for each said ligature type category to form each said representative appearance value for each said ligature type category.

3. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 2, wherein said step of modifying includes the step of adjusting a glyph'"'"'s position to cause each said ligature of said glyph to more closely align with each said representative ligature corresponding to said glyph.

4. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 3, wherein said step of modifying further includes the steps of:

for each glyph having a slope value of a predefined characteristic of a ligature of a glyph which does not conform to an average slope value corresponding to said predefined characteristic of said ligature of said glyph, setting said slope value to said average slope value; and

for each glyph having a position value of a predefined characteristic of a ligature of a glyph which does not conform to an average position value corresponding to said predefined characteristic of said ligature of said glyph, setting said position value to said average position value.

5. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 1, wherein said ligatures include leading ligatures and trailing ligatures, and further comprising the steps of:

assigning an initial glyph from said modified set of glyphs to represent a character portrayed at the beginning of a string of glyphs;

assigning a double null glyph from said modified set of glyphs to represent a character unconnected to other characters; and

assigning other glyphs from said modified set of glyphs to represent characters connected to one or more other characters portrayed by said string of glyphs in such a manner that said leading ligatures and said trailing ligatures of adjacent glyphs connect to form a continuous line between a trailing ligature and an adjacent leading ligature, wherein said line has a continuous slope at the point of connection between said trailing ligature and adjacent leading ligature.

6. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 5, wherein said step of categorizing includes the step of calculating said appearance values for each of said ligatures of said glyphs and categorizing each of said glyphs within one of said ligature type categories according to said appearance values, said appearance values including at least one slope value and at least one position value for at least one predefined characteristic of one of said ligatures, and wherein said averaging includes the steps of:

averaging all of said slope values corresponding to each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category to produce an average slope value for each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category;

averaging all of said position values corresponding to each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category to produce an average position value for each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category; and

combining each said average slope value and each said average position value for each said ligature type category to form each said representative appearance value for each said ligature type category.

7. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 1, wherein said appearance values include at least one slope value and at least one position value for at least one predefined characteristic of one of said ligatures, and wherein said set of predefined ligature types further includes:

a first ligature type corresponding to glyphs having ligatures which have an appearance value corresponding to a first predefined area with respect to said glyphs;

a second ligature type corresponding to glyphs having ligatures which have an appearance value corresponding to a second predefined area with respect to said glyph; and

a third ligature type corresponding to glyphs having ligatures which have an appearance value corresponding to a third predefined area with respect to said glyph, said third predefined area being between said first predefined area and said second predefined area.

8. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 7, wherein said step of categorizing includes the step of calculating said appearance values for each of said ligatures of said glyphs and categorizing each of said glyphs within one of said ligature type categories according to said appearance values, said appearance values including at least one slope value and at least one position value for at least one predefined characteristic of one of said ligatures, and wherein said averaging includes the steps of:

averaging all of said slope values corresponding to each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category to produce an average slope value for each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category;

averaging all of said position values corresponding to each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category to produce an average position value for each said predefined characteristic within each said ligature type category; and

combining each said average slope value and each said average position value for each said ligature type category to form each said representative appearance value for each said ligature type category.

9. A computer implemented method for producing a string of characters having a desired appearance from a set of glyph image data, said glyph image data comprising a set of glyphs, said set of glyphs corresponding to characters within the string of characters, each of the characters corresponding to at least one glyph, each of the glyphs that attach to an adjacent glyph wherein at least two adjacent glyphs are connected having at least one ligature for connecting to each connecting adjacent glyph, comprising the steps of:

categorizing each of said glyphs according to a set of predefined ligature types, each of said glyphs being categorized within at least one ligature type category, each ligature type category including one or more subcategories defined by one or more appearance values associated with each ligature;

averaging said appearance values for each subcategory of said ligature type categories to produce a representative ligature for each ligature type category, each representative ligature being comprised of averaged appearance values from said subcategories within a corresponding ligature type category;

modifying said set of glyphs as necessary to minimize differences between said appearance values for each of said glyphs and said averaged appearance values of representative ligatures corresponding to said glyphs; and

selecting said glyphs from said set of glyphs to represent said characters in said string of characters in order to produce said desired appearance.

10. A method for producing a string of characters, as recited in claim 9, wherein said step of categorizing includes the step of calculating said appearance values for each of said ligatures of said glyphs and categorizing each of said glyphs within one of said ligature type categories according to said appearance values, said appearance values of said subcategories including a slope value and a position value, and wherein said averaging includes the steps of:

averaging said slope values within each of said subcategories to produce an averaged slope value for each subcategory;

averaging said position values within each of said subcategories to produce an averaged position value for each subcategory; and

combining said averaged slope value and said averaged position value for each subcategory within a ligature type category to form said averaged appearance values for each ligature type category.

11. A method for producing a string of characters, as recited in claim 10, wherein said step of modifying includes the step of adjusting a glyph'"'"'s position to cause each said ligature of said glyph to more closely align with said representative ligature corresponding to said glyph.

12. A method for producing a string of characters, as recited in claim 11, wherein said step of modifying further includes the steps of:

for each glyph having a slope value from a subcategory which does not conform to an averaged slope value corresponding to said subcategory, setting said slope value to said averaged slope value; and

for each glyph having a position value from a subcategory which does not conform to an averaged position value corresponding to said subcategory, setting said position value to said averaged position value.

13. A method for producing a string of characters, as recited in claim 9, wherein said desired appearance is a string of said characters which have a cursive hand-written appearance, wherein said ligatures include leading ligatures and trailing ligatures, and wherein said step of selecting includes the steps of:

assigning an initial glyph from said set of glyphs to represent a character portrayed at the beginning of a string of characters;

assigning a double null glyph from said set of glyphs to represent a character unconnected to other characters; and

assigning other glyphs from said set of glyphs to represent characters connected to one or more other characters portrayed by said string of characters in such a manner that said leading ligatures and said trailing ligatures of adjacent glyphs connect to form a continuous line between a trailing ligature and an adjacent leading ligature, wherein said line has a continuous slope at the point of connection between said trailing ligature and adjacent leading ligature.

14. A method for producing a string of characters, as recited in claim 13, wherein said step of categorizing includes the step of calculating said appearance values for each of said ligatures of said glyphs and categorizing each of said glyphs within one of said ligature type categories according to said appearance values, said appearance values of said subcategories including a slope value and a position value, and wherein said averaging includes the steps of:

averaging said slope values within each of said subcategories to produce an averaged slope value for each subcategory;

averaging said position values within each of said subcategories to produce an averaged position value for each subcategory; and

combining said averaged slope value and said averaged position value for each subcategory within a ligature type category to form said averaged appearance values for each ligature type category.

15. A method for producing a string of characters, as recited in claim 9, wherein said appearance values of said subcategories including a slope value and a position value, and wherein said set of predefined ligature types includes:

a null ligature type corresponding to a glyph having less than two ligatures;

a first ligature type corresponding to glyphs having ligatures which have an appearance value corresponding to a first predefined area with respect to said glyphs;

a second ligature type corresponding to glyphs having ligatures which have an appearance value corresponding to a second predefined area with respect to said glyph; and

a third ligature type corresponding to glyphs having ligatures which have an appearance value corresponding to a third predefined area with respect to said glyph, said third predefined area being between said first predefined area and said second predefined area.

16. A method for producing a string of characters, as recited in claim 15, wherein said step of categorizing includes the step of calculating said appearance values for each of said ligatures of said glyphs and categorizing each of said glyphs within one of said ligature type categories according to said appearance values, said appearance values of said subcategories including a slope value and a position value, and wherein said averaging includes the steps of:

averaging said slope values within each of said subcategories to produce an averaged slope value for each subcategory;

averaging said position values within each of said subcategories to produce an averaged position value for each subcategory; and

combining said averaged slope value and said averaged position value for each subcategory within a ligature type category to form said averaged appearance values for each ligature type category.

17. A computer implemented method for producing a font for creating strings of glyphs representing characters in a language having a handwritten appearance from a handwriting sample, comprising the steps of:

processing said handwriting sample to develop a set of glyphs to be utilized to create said font;

categorizing each glyph within said set of glyphs according to a set of predefined ligature types, each of said glyphs having either zero ligatures, one ligature, or two ligatures, each of said ligatures having an appearance value, such that each of said glyphs is categorized into at least two ligature type categories;

averaging appearance values associated with ligatures of said glyphs categorized within each of said ligature type categories to produce representative appearance values for each of said ligature type categories;

modifying at least one of said glyphs from said set of glyphs to produce a modified set of glyphs, a modified glyph having appearance values conformed to said representative appearance values from a ligature type category corresponding to said modified glyph; and

assigning one or more glyphs from said modified set of glyphs to said stings of glyphs to represent characters as required by said font, whereby strings of glyphs produced from said modified set of glyphs have a handwritten appearance.

18. A method for producing a font, as recited in claim 17, wherein said writing sample is in a bit-mapped form, and wherein said step of processing said handwriting sample includes the steps of:

defining individual characters within said writing sample, each of said individual characters having a leading ligature cut defined by a leading top point and a leading bottom point, each of said individual characters having a trailing ligature cut defined by a trailing top point and a trailing bottom point;

assigning a Bezier corner point to said leading top point, said leading bottom point, said trailing top point, and said trailing bottom point; and

converting said individual characters into glyphs represented by Bezier cubic splines having corner points and node points.