Rolling code encryption process for remote keyless entry system

• US 5,420,925 A
• Filed: 03/03/1994
• Issued: 05/30/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 03/03/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Delphi Technologies, Inc. (BorgWarner Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Lectron Products Incorporated
• Inventors: Michaels, Paul A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cain, David C.
• Application Number:
  US08/205,328
• Time in Patent Office: 453 Days
• Field of Search: 380/21, 380/23, 380/46, 380/49, 380/4
• US Class Current: 380/262
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 7/584 using finite field arithmetic, e.g. using a linear feedback shift register
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/0023 with encription of the transmittted data signal
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00253 dynamically, e.g. variable code - rolling code
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00793 by Hertzian waves
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2209/06 Involving synchronization or resynchronization between transmitter and receiver; reordering of codes
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00182 operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/805 Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/84 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0662 with particular pseudorandom sequence generator
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3271 using challenge-response

Abstract

An encryption process for a rolling code of a remote keyless entry system. The encryption process makes use of a command code shift register, a security code shift register, and a sequence code shift register in which the contents of these registers is transmitted from a portable transmitter to a receiver associated with the vehicle in order to perform a desirable function. The command code shift register provides the code of the function to be performed and the sequence code shift register provides a sequence code for updating the sequence of the receiver. The security code shift register includes a security code which is updated by a first and second pseudo random number generator after each transmission. Each of two pseudo random number generators include associated shift registers and exclusive NOR gates such that a first bit location and a tap bit location of each of the shift registers are exclusively NORed to provide a first bit location in the shift register. A series of the bit locations of the first and second shift registers are exclusively ORed together to set the bits of the security code register.

Claims

1. A method of generating a sequence of encoded data bits for a remote keyless entry system, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a first pseudo random number generator including a first shift register having a predetermined number of bit locations and a first logic gate;

cycling the first pseudo random number generator a first number of times, said step of cycling the first pseudo random number generator including the step of combining two predetermined bit locations of the first shift register through said first logic gate and applying the result to the first bit location of the first shift register;

providing a second pseudo random number generator including a second shift register having a predetermined number of bit locations and a second logic gate;

cycling the second pseudo random number generator a second number of times, said step of cycling the second pseudo random number generator including the step of combining two predetermined bit locations of the second shift register through said second logic gate and applying the result to the first bit location of the second shift register; and

combining through a plurality of third logic gates each bit location of a series of bit locations of the first shift register with each corresponding bit location of a series of bit locations of the second shift register and applying the results to bit locations in a security code register.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of cycling the first pseudo random number generator includes the step of cycling the first pseudo random number generator a number of times depending on the contents of the first register.

3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of cycling the second pseudo random number generator includes the step of cycling the second pseudo random number generator a number of times depending on the contents of the second register.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of combining the series of bit locations of the first register and the corresponding series of bit locations of the second register includes the step of combining a number of bits of the first and second shift registers that is less than the number of bits in at least one of the first shift register or the second shift register.

5. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of providing a command code shift register, said command code shift register containing a command code for performing a desirable function upon activation of the keyless entry system.

6. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of providing a sequence code shift register, said step of outputting the contents of the security code register including the steps of outputting the contents of the security code register and the sequence code register and updating the sequence code register by one.

7. The method according to claim 4 wherein the first shift register has 39 bit locations, the second shift register has 31 bit locations, and the security code register has 28 bit locations.

8. A system for generating a sequence of encoded data bits for a remote keyless entry system, said system comprising:

a first pseudo random number generator including a first shift register having a predetermined number of bit locations and a first logic gate, wherein the bit values of each bit location of the first shift register are determined by combining through said first logic gate a tap bit location with a predetermined bit location of the first shift register, applying the output from said first logic gate to the first bit location of the first shift register and shifting the other bits over one position;

a second pseudo random number generator including a second shift register having a predetermined number of bit locations and a second logic gate, wherein the bit values of each bit location of the second shift register are determined by combining through said logic gate a tap bit location and a predetermined bit location of the second shift register, applying the output from said second logic gate to the first bit location of the second bit register and shifting the other bits over one position; and

a security code register having a predetermined number of bit locations, wherein the bit values of the bit locations of the security code register are determined by a series of logic gates, said series of logic gates combining each bit location of a series of bit locations of the first shift register and a series of corresponding bit location of the second shift registers and applying the results to the bit locations in the security code register.

9. The system according to claim 8 wherein the first pseudo random number generator is cycled a number of times depending on the contents of the first register.

10. The system according to claim 8 wherein the second pseudo random number generator is cycled a second number of times depending on the contents of the second register.

11. The system according to claim 8 further comprising a command code shift register, wherein the command code shift register contains a command code for performing a desirable function upon activation of the keyless entry system.

12. The system according to claim 8 further comprising a sequence code shift register, wherein the sequence code shift register contains a sequence count that is incremented each time the security code register is cycled.

13. The system according to claim 8 wherein the number of logic gates and bit locations in the security register is less than the number of bit locations in at least one of the first shift register or the second shift register.

14. The system according to claim 13 wherein the first shift register has 39 bit locations, the second shift register has 31 bit locations and the security code register has 28 bit locations.

15. In a remote keyless entry system including a transmitter for transmitting an encoded data signal in accordance with the data word contained in a pseudo random number generator and a receiver for initiating the performance of a predefined task upon the receipt of a valid encoded data signal, the method of changing said encoded data signal after a transmission comprising the steps of:

cycling said pseudo random number generator in a predetermined manner a number of times determined by the content of said generator so as to create a new data word in said generator; and

transmitting an encoded data signal in accordance with said new data word.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the number of times said pseudo random generator is cycled is determined by the value of said data word when the cycling step is initiated.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein said pseudo random number generator includes a first shift register comprising a first plurality of bits and wherein the predetermined manner of cycling said generator includes combining a predetermined pair of said bits through a logic gate, inserting the output from said logic gate into the first bit location in said shift register, and shifting the contents of the shift register one bit location.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein said transmitter further includes a sequence counter, and further including the step of incrementing said sequence counter each time said cycling step is completed and a new data word is created in said generator.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the step of transmitting said encoded data signal includes the step of transmitting the content of said sequence counter.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the content of said sequence counter is transmitted in clear code.

21. The method of claim 15 wherein the data word in said pseudo random number generator comprises a plurality of bits and less than all of said plurality of bits is transmitted in said encoded data signal.

22. The method of claim 15 wherein said pseudo random number generator includes a first shift register that is cycled in a first predetermined manner a number of times determined by the content of said first shift register, a second shift register that is cycled in a second predetermined manner a number of times determined by the content of said second shift register, and a third shift register whose content is determined by a combination of said first and second shift registers.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein said encoded data signal includes the content of said third shift register after said cycling step.

24. In a remote keyless entry system including a transmitter for transmitting an encoded data signal in accordance with the data word contained in a pseudo random number generator and a receiver for initiating the performance of a predefined task upon the receipt of a valid encoded data signal, the method of changing said encoded data signal after a transmission comprising the steps of:

cycling said pseudo random number generator in accordance with a predetermined algorithmic process to produce a new data word;

incrementing a sequence counter each time said cycling step is completed and a new data word is produced; and

transmitting the content of said sequence counter and an encoded data signal in accordance with said new data word.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein said pseudo random number generator includes a shift register comprising a plurality of bits greater than the number of bits in said encoded data signal.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the content of said sequence counter is transmitted in clear code.

27. In a remote keyless entry system including a transmitter for transmitting an encoded data signal in accordance with an internally generated digital code word and a receiver for initiating the performance of a predefined task upon the receipt of a valid encoded data signal, the method of transmitting an encoded data signal comprising the steps of:

providing a pseudo random number generator containing a digital code word comprised of a first number of data bits;

cycling said pseudo random number generator in accordance with a predetermined algorithmic process to produce a new digital code word; and

transmitting an encoded data signal in accordance with said new digital code word, wherein said encoded data signal contains a second number of encoded data bits less than said first number.

28. The method of claim 27 further including the step of incrementing a sequence counter in the transmitter each time a new digital code word is produced and wherein said transmitting step includes transmitting the content of said sequence counter.

29. The method of claim 27 wherein the number of times said generator is cycled to produce a new digital code word is determined by the content of the generator.

30. The method of claim 27 wherein said pseudo random number generator includes a first shift register having a first predetermined number of bits, a second shift register having a second predetermined number of bits, a plurality of logic gates for combining a corresponding plurality of bits from each of said first and second shift registers into a third shift register having a third predetermined number of bits, and further wherein said third predetermined number is less than at least one of said first or second predetermined numbers.