Method for optimal pulse defibrillation using an implantable defibrillator

• US 5,431,686 A
• Filed: 02/18/1992
• Issued: 07/11/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/18/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ela Medical S.A. (LivaNova Plc)
• Original Assignee: Angeion Corporation (Niterra Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Kroll, Mark W., Smith, Charles U.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Getzow, Scott M.
• Application Number:
  US07/835,836
• Time in Patent Office: 1,239 Days
• Field of Search: 607/6, 607/7
• US Class Current: 607/7
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3906 characterised by the form of the shockwave
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3912 Output circuitry therefor, e.g. switches
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/00 Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The model that is developed in the present invention is based upon the pioneering neurophysiological models of Lapicque and Weiss. The present model determines mathematically the optimum pulse duration, d_p, for a truncated capacitor-discharge waveform employed for defibrillation. The model comprehends the system time constant, RC, where R is tissue resistance and C is the value of the capacitor being discharged, and also the chronaxie time, d_c, defined by Lapicque, which is a characteristic time associated with the heart. The present model and analysis find the optimum pulse duration to be d_p =(0.58)(RC+d_c). Taking the best estimate of the chronaxie value from the literature to be 2.7 ms, permits one to rewrite the optimum pulse duration as d_p =(0.58)RC+1.6 ms. The present invention makes use of the mathematical definition of optimum pulse duration by storing in the control circuitry of the defibrillation system the actual measured value of the particular capacitor incorporated in the system. The optimized-pulse prescription of this invention can be applied to a monophasic waveform, or to either or both of the phases of a biphasic waveform.

Claims

1. A method for operating a device connected to at least two implanted electrodes located in a human patient to treat a myocardial dysrhythmia, the method comprising the device-implemented steps of:

(a) sensing a myocardial dysrhythmia in the human patient; and

(b) in response to the myocardial dysrhythmia, delivering from electrical energy stored in a capacitor system in the device to the implanted electrodes a truncated defibrillation waveform comprising at least one electrical pulse and having a predetermined optimum pulse duration set automatically by the device based on an optimization of an effective current of the electrical pulse for a preselected amount of electrical energy stored in the capacitor system.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the optimum pulse duration is determined by the switch means to be the sum of:

a first value derived from a fixed time period; and

a second value derived from the time required for the truncated discharge of the capacitor means to decay by a particular percentage of the preselected amount of electrical energy stored in the capacitor.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the first value is between 1.5 ms and 1.7 ms.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the first value is 1.6 ms.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein the duration of at least one pulse is automatically set by the device to be approximately the average of:

a first time constant that is a system time constant, RC, of the apparatus, where R is a tissue resistance value of the myocardium of the human patient and C is an effective capacitance value of the capacitor means, and

a second time constant that is an average defibrillation chronaxie characteristic time, d_c, of the myocardium of the human patient.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein the percentage decay is between 40% and 48%.

7. The method of claim 2 wherein the percentage decay is 44%.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein the optimum pulse duration is automatically set by the device to be the sum of;

a first time constant that is a system time constant, RC, of the apparatus, where R is an average tissue resistance of the myocardium of the human patient and C is an effective capacitance of the capacitor means, and

a second time constant that is an average defibrillation chronaxie characteristic time, d_c of the myocardium of the human patient, said sum being multiplied by a small factor.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the small factor is between 0.5 and 0.65.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the small factor is 0.58.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the optimal pulse duration is determined by the switch means for a first phase of a multiple phase pulse, said first phase being of a consistent polarity.

12. The method of claim 1 in which the defibrillation waveform includes a first pulse and a second pulse of opposite polarity to the first pulse, the optimal pulse duration is determined by the switch means for the first pulse of the multiple pulse defibrillation waveform.