Managing an inventory of devices

• US 5,434,775 A
• Filed: 11/04/1993
• Issued: 07/18/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 11/04/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Baxter International Inc., The General Hospital Corporation (Mass General Brigham, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Baxter International Inc., The General Hospital Corporation (Mass General Brigham, Inc.)
• Inventors: Zeisloft, Jane M., Kusswurm, Daniel C., Sims, Nathaniel M., LaBedz, Ralph H., Turner, John M.
• Primary Examiner(s): McElheny, Jr., Donald E.
• Application Number:
  US08/146,929
• Time in Patent Office: 621 Days
• Field of Search: 364/403, 235/441, 235/486
• US Class Current: 705/7.12
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 17/0022 arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device "transfer between computer elements G06F13/00 "; data-transmission H04L
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/0631 Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/087 Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2417 having a radio frequency identification chip
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2434 Tag housing and attachment details
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2462 Asset location systems combined with EAS inventory, tracking, logistic G06Q10/00; entrance control systems G07C9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2471 Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2474 Antenna or antenna activator geometry, arrangement or layout loop antennae H01Q1/22

Abstract

The locations of a plurality of devices are tracked using a network of communication links, each of which corresponds to a location. Each device is given a tag that identifies the device with respect to other devices and that is connectable to a communication link when the device is disposed at the location to which the link corresponds. Each tag that is connected to each communication link is detected, and the location of each device is determined based on the detection. One feature of the technique is additionally determining the conditions of the devices by correlating one or more communication links with conditions. The technique is simple to use and highly effective technique in tracking devices stored at various locations throughout a facility. Device location and condition are monitored continuously, thereby reducing the risk that the removal of a device from storage will go undetected.

Claims

1. A method of assisting a user in allocating an inventory of a plurality of devices among a plurality of locations, comprising

providing a network of communication links each of which corresponds to a location of said plurality of locations,

providing each one of said devices in said inventory with a tag that identifies a said device with respect to other said devices in said inventory, said tag being connectable to a said communication link when said device is disposed at the location to which said communication link corresponds,

detecting each said tag that is connected to each said communication link,

generating, based on said detecting, information that indicates the location of each one of said devices in said inventory, and

providing said information to the user in a manner that enables the user to determine how said devices are allocated among said locations and determine whether some of said devices should be reallocated among said locations.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each one of at least some of said communication links also correspond to conditions of said plurality of devices, and further comprising

detecting each said tag that is connected to each one of said some communication links, and

determining the condition of each said device identified by each said tag based on said detecting.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising assigning at least two of said some communication links to a single location.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein said conditions include ready for use, in need of cleaning, and in need of repair.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing each said tag with data that includes an address identifying a said device.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising storing said data that includes said address in a memory of said tag.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said determining includes reading said data.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising

allowing at least one of said communication links to have multiple said tags connected thereto,

detecting said multiple tags, and

identifying the devices that are disposed in the location to which said one link corresponds based on said detecting.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising storing data that includes an address in a memory of each said tag that identifies a said device, said identifying including reading said data.

10. The method of claim 6 or 9 further comprising writing information associated with the device identified by said data into said memory.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising causing equipment connected to said network to write said information into said memory over the communication link to which said tag is connected.

12. The method of claim 10 further comprising causing said device to write said information into said memory.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said information includes maintenance information.

14. The method of claim 1 further comprising connecting each said tag to the device identified thereby so that a user can dispose said device near a said link at one of said locations and connect said tag thereto.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein said detecting includes monitoring each one of said links for activity thereon by one or more of said tags.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said activity includes a connection event in which a user connects a said tag to a said link, and a disconnection event in which a user disconnects a said tag from a said link.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising performing said monitoring in successive monitoring cycles for each one of said links, and determining that a connection event or a disconnection event is valid only if said connection event or disconnection event is detected in a selected number of successive monitoring cycles.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising determining that a connection event is valid only if the tag remains connected to said link for a selected amount of time.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising determining that a disconnection event is valid only if the tag remains disconnected from said link for a selected amount of time.

20. The method of claim 15 further comprising performing said monitoring continuously for each said link.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing said network further comprises providing at least one node that performs said detecting for a set of said communication links.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising assigning at least some of said set of communication links to a single location, and assigning each communication link in said set to a condition of said plurality of devices.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising

detecting each said tag that is connected to each one of said some communication links in said set, and

determining the condition of each said device identified by each said tag based on said detecting.

24. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of providing information includes storing a database of said information that relates each one of said plurality of devices to the determined said location and condition.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the step Of providing information further includes generating a report of the locations and conditions of at least some of said devices using said information in said database.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the step of providing information further includes transmitting said report over a branch of said network for use by equipment that communicate with said network.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein said equipment includes a computer, the step of providing information further including causing said computer to display said report.

28. The method of claim 26 wherein said equipment includes a printer, the step of providing information further including causing said printer to print said report.

29. The method of claim 26 wherein said equipment includes facsimile equipment, the step of providing information further including causing said facsimile machine to transmit a facsimile of said report to a selected destination.

30. The method of claim 26 wherein said equipment includes a computer, the step of providing information further including causing said computer to send a message that contains at least some of the information in said report to a user.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the step of providing information further includes causing said computer to send said message to a selected pager to page said user.

32. The method of claim 24 wherein the step of providing information includes determining a quantity of said devices of a selected type that are stored in a selected one of said locations using said information in said database.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the step of providing information includes determining if said quantity differs from a selected quantity and, if so, notifying the user.

34. The method of claim 24 further comprising allowing a user to access said database to obtain said information about the location and condition of a selected one or more of said devices.

35. The method of claim 34 further comprising allowing said user to access said database by telephone.

36. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing at least one of said communication links with a connector configured to allow multiple said tags to be connected thereto.

37. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing at least one of said communication links with a plurality of connectors each of which is configured to allow one of said tags to be connected thereto.

93. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing information includes

storing data that indicates quantities of said devices that should be disposed in said locations,

determining whether an insufficient quantity of said devices are disposed in a selected one of said locations based on said data and the determined locations of said devices, and

notifying a user if an insufficient quantity of said devices are determined to be in said selected location.

94. The method of claim 93 further comprising instructing the user to move one or more of said devices to said selected location from another one of said locations if an insufficient quantity of said devices are determined to be in said selected location.

95. The method of claim 1 wherein said devices comprise a plurality of types of devices, the step of providing information including

storing data that indicates quantities of each said type of said devices that should be disposed in said locations,

determining whether an insufficient quantity of each said type of said devices are disposed in a selected one of said locations based on said data and the determined location of each one of said devices, and

notifying a user if an insufficient quantity of said devices of a selected type are determined to be in said selected location.

96. The method of claim 95 further comprising instructing the user to move one or more of said devices of a selected type to said selected location from another one of said locations if an insufficient quantity of said devices of said selected type are determined to be in said selected location.

38. A method for locating a plurality of devices, comprising

providing a network of communication links each of which corresponds to a location among a plurality of locations, at least one of said locations including a shelf having at least one opening therein,

electrically coupling at least one of said communication links to an electrically conductive member disposed below said opening,

providing each one of said devices with a tag that identifies a said device with respect to other said devices, said tag being connectable to a said communication link when said device is disposed at the location to which said communication link corresponds,

providing at least one of said devices with a plunger electrically coupled to said tag,

resiliently urging said plunger through said opening and into engagement with said electrically conductive member when said at least one of said devices is disposed on said shelf over said opening, thereby to connect said tag to said communication link,

detecting each said tag that is connected to each said communication link, and

determining the location of each one of said devices based on said detecting.

39. The method of claim 38 further comprising resiliently retracting said plunger when said at least one of said devices is disposed on a surface that does not include a said opening.

40. The method of claim 38 wherein said at least one communication link includes a pair of wires, and further comprising

electrically coupling a first one of said wires to said electrically conductive member,

electrically coupling a second one of said wires to said shelf,

electrically connecting said tag to said first wire with said plunger, and

providing said at least one of said devices with an electrically conductive footing that is electrically coupled to said tag and is configured to contact said shelf when said device is disposed thereon to electrically couple said tag to said second wire.

41. Apparatus for assisting a user in allocating an inventory of a plurality of devices among a plurality of locations, comprising

network of communication links each of which corresponds to a location of said plurality of locations,

a tag associated with each one of said devices in said inventory that identifies a said device with respect to other said devices in said inventory, said tag being connectable to a said communication link when said device is disposed at the location to which said communication link corresponds,

means for detecting each said tag that is connected to each said communication link,

means for generating, based on said detecting, information that indicates the location of each one of said devices in said inventory, and

means for providing said information to the user in a manner that enables the user to determine how said devices are allocated among said locations and determine whether some of said devices should be reallocated among said locations.

42. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein each one of at least some of said communication links also correspond to conditions of said plurality of devices, and further comprising

means for detecting each said tag that is connected to each one of said some communication links, and

means for determining the condition of each said device identified by each said tag based on said detecting.

43. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein at least two of said some communication links are assigned to a single location.

44. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said conditions include ready for use, in need of cleaning, and in need of repair.

45. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein each said tag includes data that includes an address identifying a said device.

46. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein each said tag includes a memory for storing said data that includes said address.

47. The apparatus of claim 46 wherein said means for determining includes circuitry for reading said data.

48. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein multiple said tags are connected to one of said links, and further comprising

means for detecting said multiple tags, and

means for identifying the devices that are disposed in the location to which said one link corresponds based on said detecting.

49. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein data that includes an address is stored in a memory of each said tag that identifies a said device, said means for identifying including means for reading said data.

50. The apparatus of claim 46 or 49 further comprising means for writing information associated with the device identified by said data into said memory.

51. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein said means for writing includes equipment connected to said network, said equipment writing said information into said memory over the communication link to which said tag is connected.

52. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein said device includes said means for writing.

53. The apparatus of claim 50 wherein said information includes maintenance information.

54. The apparatus of claim 41 further comprising a connector for connecting each said tag to the device identified thereby so that a user can dispose said device near a said link at one of said locations and connect said tag thereto.

55. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said means for detecting includes circuitry for monitoring each one of said links for activity thereon by one or more of said tags.

56. The apparatus of claim 55 wherein said activity includes a connection event in which a user connects a said tag to a said link, and a disconnection event in which a user disconnects a said tag from a said link.

57. The apparatus of claim 56 further comprising

means for performing said monitoring in successive monitoring cycles for each one of said links, and

means for determining that a connection event or a disconnection event is valid only if said connection event or disconnection event is detected in a selected number of successive monitoring cycles.

58. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein said means for determining determines that a connection event is valid only if the tag remains connected to said link for a selected amount of time.

59. The apparatus of claim 57 wherein said means for determining determines that a disconnection event is valid only if the tag remains disconnected from said link for a selected amount of time.

60. The apparatus of claim 55 wherein said circuitry is adapted to perform said monitoring continuously for each said link.

61. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said network further comprises at least one node that includes said means for detecting for a set of said communication links.

62. The apparatus of claim 61 wherein at least some of said set of communication links are assigned to a single location, each communication link in said set being further assigned to a condition of said plurality of devices.

63. The apparatus of claim 62 further comprising

means for detecting each said tag that is connected to each one of said some communication links in said set, and

means for determining the condition of each said device identified by each said tag based on said detecting.

64. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said means for providing information includes a database for storing information that relates each one of said plurality of devices to the determined said location and condition.

65. The apparatus of claim 64 wherein said means for providing information includes at least one computer for generating a report of the locations and conditions of at least some of said devices using said information in said database.

66. The apparatus of claim 65 further comprising a transmitter for sending said report over a branch of said network for use by equipment that communicate with said network.

67. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said equipment includes a second computer that includes a display for displaying said report.

68. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said equipment includes a printer for printing said report.

69. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said equipment includes facsimile equipment for transmitting a facsimile of said report to a selected destination.

70. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said equipment includes a second computer for sending a message that contains at least some of the information in said report to a user.

71. The apparatus of claim 70 wherein said second computer includes means for sending said message to a selected pager to page said user.

72. The apparatus of claim 64 wherein said means for providing information includes means for determining a quantity of said devices of a selected type that are stored in a selected one of said locations using said information in said database.

73. The apparatus of claim 72 wherein said means for providing information includes means for determining if said quantity differs from a selected quantity and, if so, notifying the user.

74. The apparatus of claim 64 further comprising means for allowing a user to access said database to obtain said information about the location and condition of a selected one or more of said devices.

75. The apparatus of claim 74 wherein said means for allowing includes a telephone.

76. The apparatus of claim 41 further comprising a connector associated with at least one of said communication links, said connector being configured to allow multiple said tags to be connected thereto.

77. The apparatus of claim 41 further comprising a plurality of connectors associated with at least one of said communication links, each of said connectors being configured to allow one of said tags to be connected thereto.

97. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said means for providing information includes

storage for data that indicates quantities of said devices that should be disposed in said locations,

means for determining whether an insufficient quantity of said devices are disposed in a selected one of said locations based on said data and the determined locations of said devices, and

means for notifying a user if an insufficient quantity of said devices are determined to be in said selected location.

98. The apparatus of claim 97 further comprising means for instructing the user to move one or more of said devices to said selected location from another one of said locations if an insufficient quantity of said devices are determined to be in said selected location.

99. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said devices comprise a plurality of types of devices, said means for providing information including

storage for data that indicates quantities of each said type of said devices that should be disposed in said locations,

means for determining whether an insufficient quantity of each said type of said devices are disposed in a selected one of said locations based on said data and the determined location of each one of said devices, and

means for notifying a user if an insufficient quantity of said devices of a selected type are determined to be in said selected location.

100. The apparatus of claim 99 further comprising means for instructing the user to move one or more of said devices of a selected type to said selected location from another one of said locations if an insufficient quantity of said devices of said selected type are determined to be in said selected location.

78. Apparatus for locating a plurality of devices, comprising

network of communication links each of which corresponds to a location among a plurality of locations, at least one of said locations including a shelf having at least one opening therein,

means for electrically coupling at least one of said communication links to an electrically conductive member disposed below said opening,

a tag associated with each one of said devices that identifies a said device with respect to other said devices, said tag being connectable to a said communication link when said device is disposed at the location to which said communication link corresponds,

means for providing at least one of said devices with a plunger electrically coupled to said tag,

means for resiliently urging said plunger through said opening and into engagement with said electrically conductive member when said at least one of said devices is disposed on said shelf over said opening, thereby to connect said tag to said communication link,

means for detecting each said tag that is connected to each said communication link, and

means for determining the location of each one of said devices based on said detecting.

79. The apparatus of claim 78 further comprising means for resiliently retracting said plunger when said at least one of said devices is disposed on a surface that does not include a said opening.

80. The apparatus of claim 78 wherein said at least one communication link includes a pair of wires, and further comprising

means for electrically coupling a first one of said wires to said electrically conductive member,

mean for electrically coupling a second one of said wires to said shelf,

means for electrically connecting said tag to said first wire with said plunger, and

means for providing said at least one of said devices with an electrically conductive footing that is electrically coupled to said tag and is configured to contact said shelf when said device is disposed thereon to electrically couple said tag to said second wire.

81. Apparatus for assisting a user in allocating an inventory of a plurality of devices among a plurality of locations, comprising

means for detecting connections of a plurality of tags to one or more communication links of a network, each one of said tags being associated with one of said devices in said inventory and identifying said one device with respect to other said devices in said inventory,

means for associating each one of said communication links with a location of said plurality of locations, and

means for generating, based on said detecting, information that indicates the location of each one of said devices in said inventory, and

means for providing said information to the user in a manner that enables the user to determine how said devices are allocated among said locations and determine whether some of said devices should be reallocated among said locations.

82. The apparatus of claim 81 wherein said means for associating also associates each one of at least some of said communication links to conditions of said plurality of devices, and further comprising

means for detecting each said tag that is connected to each one of said some communication links, and

means for determining the condition of each said device identified by each said tag based on said detecting.

83. The apparatus of claim 82 wherein at least two of said some communication links are assigned to a single location.

84. The apparatus of claim 82 wherein said conditions include ready for use, in need of cleaning, and in need of repair.

85. The apparatus of claim 81 wherein each said tag includes data that includes an address that identifies a said device.

86. The apparatus of claim 85 wherein each said tag includes a memory for storing said address.

87. The apparatus of claim 86 wherein said means for determining includes circuitry for reading said data.

88. The apparatus of claim 81 wherein apparatus comprises at least one node on said network, said node including said means for detecting for a set of said communication links.

89. The apparatus of claim 88 wherein said means for associating associates each one of said set of communication links to a single location and associates each communication link in said set to a condition of said plurality of devices.

90. The apparatus of claim 89 further comprising

means for detecting each said tag that is connected to each communication link in said set, and

means for determining the condition of each said device identified by each said tag based on said detecting.

91. The apparatus of claim 82 further comprising means for reporting said determined location and condition to a database for storage.

92. The apparatus of claim 90 further comprising at least one computer for generating a report of the locations and conditions of at least some of said devices using said information in said database.

101. A method for managing a plurality of devices that are capable of being in a plurality of conditions, comprising

providing a network of communication links each of which corresponds to a location and to one of said conditions,

providing each one of said devices with a tag that identifies a said device with respect to other said devices, said tag being connectable to a said communication link when said device is disposed at the location to which said communication link corresponds,

detecting said tags that are connected to said communication links, and

determining the location and the condition of each one of said devices by identifying the communication link to which said tag of each one of said devices is connected.

102. Apparatus for managing a plurality of devices that are capable of being in a plurality of conditions, comprising

a network of communication links each of which corresponds to a location and to one of said conditions,

a tag associated with each one of said devices that identifies a said device with respect to other said devices, said tag being connectable to a said communication link when said device is disposed at the location to which said communication link corresponds,

means for detecting said tags that are connected to said communication links, and

determining the location and the condition of each one of said devices by identifying the communication link to which said tag associated with each one of said devices is connected.