Wide spectral bandwidth virtual image display optical system

• US 5,436,763 A
• Filed: 04/05/1994
• Issued: 07/25/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Chen, Chungte W., Chern, Mao-Jin
• Primary Examiner(s): Sikes, William L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PARSONS, DAVID
• Application Number:
  US08/223,385
• Time in Patent Office: 476 Days
• Field of Search: 340/705, 340/980, 359/13, 359/14, 359/558, 359/565, 359/566, 359/567, 359/569, 359/630, 359/631, 359/632, 359/633, 345/7, 345/9
• US Class Current: 359/565
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/08 Catadioptric systems used in non-imaging applications G02B19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 17/0852 having a field corrector only
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0118 comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0037 with diffracting elements G02B27/0056 takes precedence; holographic optical elements G02B5/32; zone systems G02B5/1876
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0101 characterised by optical features G02B27/0172 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/4211 correcting chromatic aberrations G02B27/0056, G02B27/4222, G02B27/4227 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/1876 Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms G02B5/1842, G02B5/1847 take precedence; optical systems having diffractive correction means G02B27/0037; Fresnel lenses operating by refraction G02B3/08

Abstract

A virtual image display optical system. The system includes an image source, a combiner, and a relay group. The relay group is a catatrioptic relay group that includes a reflective optical element, and a refractive lens group that includes at least one doublet and a diffractive lens. For some applications, the catatrioptric relay group may be replaced by a hybrid refractive-diffractive relay group, thus eliminating the reflective element. The diffractive optical element of the hybrid optical element is encoded on one side of a lens. The hybrid optical element forms a refractive/diffractive achromat to provide for primary chromatic aberration correction. The refractive lens group is also an achromat to provide for chromatic aberration correction. Power distribution between the hybrid optical element and the refractive lens group is such that secondary chromatic aberration of the refractive lens group is balanced out by the secondary chromatic aberration of the hybrid optical element. The diffractive optical element is designed using higher order wavefront correction terms encoded on one side to reduce spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism of the relay group. One lens may have a conic or an aspherical surface to further reduce the spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism. Asymmetrical aberration and distortion resulting from the combiner are compensated for by the reflective optical element. To minimize the residual aberration of the optical system, the reflective optical element is tilted and/or decentered. The system has a relatively wide spectral bandwidth, has good image quality, has simple optics, is ultracompact, and provides wide field coverage and large field overlaying.

Claims

1. A virtual image display optical system comprising:

an image source;

a combiner; and

a catatrioptric relay group disposed between the image source and the combiner, wherein said catatrioptric relay group comprises (i) a reflective optical element, (ii) a refractive lens group including a doublet, and a (iii) second relay group comprising a lens and a diffractive optical element disposed between the reflective optical element and the refractive lens group.

2. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein the reflective optical element is concave to provide wide field coverage.

3. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein the reflective optical element is convex to provide magnification.

4. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein the catatrioptic relay group comprises a hybrid optical element that forms a refractive/diffractive achromat to provide for primary chromatic aberration correction.

5. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein the refractive lens group comprises an achromat to correct for primary chromatic aberration.

6. The virtual image display optical system of claim 5 wherein at least one of the lenses has an aspherical surface to further reduce the spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism.

7. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein power distribution between the relay group and the refractive lens group of said catatrioptic relay group is arranged such that secondary chromatic aberration of the refractive lens group of said catatrioptic relay group is balanced out by the secondary chromatic aberration of the relay group.

8. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein the diffractive optical element is designed using higher order wavefront correction terms to reduce spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism of the relay group.

9. The virtual image display optical system of claim 8 wherein at least one of the lenses has a conic surface to further reduce the spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism.

10. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein the diffractive optical element comprises a kinoform-type diffractive surface to provide for high diffraction efficiency.

11. The virtual image display optical system of claim 1 wherein the diffractive optical element comprises a binary optical surface having 2ⁿ steps that emulates a kinoform grating surface.

12. A virtual image display optical system comprising:

an image source;

a combiner; and

a refractive-diffractive relay group disposed between the image source and the combiner comprising;

(i) a lens,

(ii) a diffractive optical element disposed adjacent to the lens, and

(iii) a refractive lens group including at least one doublet disposed adjacent to the diffractive optical element and distal from the lens.

13. The virtual image display optical system of claim 12 wherein the relay group comprises a hybrid optical element that forms a refractive-diffractive achromat to provide for primary chromatic aberration correction.

14. The virtual image display optical system of claim 12 wherein the refractive lens group substantially comprises an achromat to correct the primary chromatic aberration.

15. The virtual image display optical system of claim 12 wherein power distribution between the relay group and the refractive lens group is arranged such that secondary chromatic aberration of the refractive lens group is balanced out by the secondary chromatic aberration of the relay group.

16. The virtual image display optical system of claim 12 wherein the diffractive optical element is designed using higher order wavefront correction terms to reduce spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism of the relay group.

17. The virtual image display optical system of claim 16 wherein at least one of the lenses has a conic surface to further reduce the spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism.

18. The virtual image display optical system of claim 16 wherein at least one of the lenses has an aspherical surface to further reduce the spherochromatism and secondary spherochromatism.