Duplex bi-directional multi-mode remote instrument reading and telemetry system

• US 5,438,329 A
• Filed: 06/04/1993
• Issued: 08/01/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sensus USA Incorporated (Xylem, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: M&FC Holding, LLC
• Inventors: Seehoffer, Scott H., Gastouniotis, C. S., Bandeira, Nuno, Gray, Bruce E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Swarthout, Brent
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wu, Daniel J.
• Application Number:
  US08/072,241
• Time in Patent Office: 788 Days
• Field of Search: 340/870.02, 340/870.03, 340/870.11, 340/870.06, 340/825.54, 340/505, 455/2, 455/31.1, 455/32.1, 455/54.1, 455/57.1, 455/67.1, 455/67.7, 455/88
• US Class Current: 340/870.02
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/006 Remote reading of utility meters to a non-fixed location, i.e. mobile location
• CPC Class Codes: G08C 17/02 using a radio link
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 9/10 using single different frequencies
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

Abstract

The remote instrument reading and telemetry system of the present invention includes at least one instrument link interconnected to a data gathering device and a remote station interrogation apparatus. The interrogation apparatus and instrument link both include radio transmitters and receivers so information and instructions can be communicated between them. In the interrogation mode, the interrogation apparatus instructs the instrument link to transmit information (e.g., data from the data gathering device) in a specified manner, within certain time frames, and in a specific frequency channel. Before requesting the transmission of information, the interrogation apparatus determines which of the available reply radio channels is the best for transmission of information and instructs the instrument link to use this reply channel. In a preferred embodiment, the instrument link transmits information using spread spectrum modulation techniques, and the interrogation apparatus determines the spread spectrum parameters that optimize processing gain and the data transmission rate. The instrument link is also controlled so that parts of the instrument link (e.g., the transmitter'"'"'s amplifier) are only powered up during specific periods of instrument link activity to conserve power.

Claims

1. A data collection system, comprising an interrogation apparatus and at least one instrument link, interconnected to a data gathering device located remote from said interrogation apparatus, said interrogation apparatus further including:

an interrogation transmitter means for transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal at a predetermined frequency to said at least one instrument link;

an interrogation receiver means for receiving an informational message from said instrument link, said interrogation receiver means being tunable to any of a number of center frequencies which lie in a prespecified bandpass;

frequency determining means, using said interrogation receiver means, for determining what center frequency, in the prespecified bandpass that an informational message from said instrument link should be transmitted on;

interrogation signal determining means, responsive to said frequency determining means, for determining content of an interrogation message, said message to be transmitted by said interrogation transmitter means, wherein the interrogation message provides at least the center frequency for transmitting the informational message;

tuning means for tuning said interrogation receiver means to the center frequency determined by said frequency determining means so that informational messages from said instrument link can be received; and

informational message signal processing means, responsive to said interrogation receiver, for both processing the informational message received and providing an output representative of transmitted information; and

wherein each said instrument link further includes;

an instrument link receiver tuned to the predetermined frequency of the interrogation transmitter, said instrument link receiver providing an output representative of a transmitted interrogation message;

interrogation signal processing means, responsive to said instrument link receiver, for processing the receiver output to determine at least what information is to be transmitted by each said instrument link and at what center frequency to transmit the informational message;

instrument link transmission means for transmitting the informational message at the center frequency determined by said interrogation signal processing means, where said instrument link transmission means is tunable to any of the center frequencies that lie in the prespecified bandpass; and

informational message generating means, responsive to said interrogation signal processing means, for generating the informational message for transmission by said instrument link transmission means, wherein the informational message generated provides the information requested in the interrogation message.

2. The data collection system of claim 1, wherein said instrument link further includes:

means for selectively controlling the operation of said instrument link receiver, said interrogation signal processing means, said instrument link transmissions means and informational message generating means so that they are powered down except when needed;

wherein said instrument link receiver is turned on periodically for a predetermined interval to listen for an interrogation message preamble; and

wherein said interrogation signal processing means is turned on when an interrogation signal preamble is detected.

3. The data collection system of claim 2, wherein said controlling means turns on said instrument link transmission means and said informational message generating means when said interrogation signal processing means determines that the informational message is to be transmitted.

4. The data collection system of claim 3, wherein said instrument link transmission means further includes a spread spectrum signal transmission means for transmitting spread spectrum radio frequency (RF) signals and wherein said interrogation receiver means further included spread spectrum receiving means for receiving and processing spread spectrum RF signals from said spread spectrum signal transmission means.

5. The data collection system of claim 4, wherein the content of the transmitted interrogation signal includes a transmission mode for said data link communication apparatus, an identifier of at least one instrument link, a reply window length indicating a time interval during which the interrogation apparatus will receive the informational message from said instrument link, a reading cycle number, and a pseudorandom code sequence to modulate the spread spectrum base-band signal being transmitted.

6. The data collection system of claim 4, wherein the content of the transmitted interrogation signal further includes a pseudorandom code sequence to modulate the spread spectrum base-band signal being transmitted, wherein said spread spectrum transmission means of said instrument link is adjustable to transmit a spread spectrum signal using any one of a number of predetermined pseudorandom sequences, and in which said interrogation apparatus further includes:

adjusting and selecting means, responsive to said interrogation receiver, for dynamically adjusting the pseudorandom code sequence from a default code sequence to another predetermined code sequences to increase processing gain and for selecting a pseudorandom code sequence to avoid system interference with extraneous RF spread spectrum signals; and

wherein the pseudorandom code sequence transmitted in the interrogation signal is the pseudorandom code sequence determined by said adjusting and selecting means.

7. The data collection system of claim 6, in which said interrogation apparatus further includes:

informational message evaluation means for evaluating a transmitted informational message from each instrument link to determine if the message was properly received; and

message acknowledging means, responsive to said informational message evaluation means, for generating an acknowledgment message, which message is transmitted by said interrogation transmission means.

8. The data collection system of claim 7, wherein the content of the transmitted interrogation signal further includes a reading cycle number and wherein said interrogation signal processing means further includes means for determining the proper receipt of an acknowledgment message and in which said instrument link includes number storing means, responsive to said interrogation signal processing means, for storing the transmitted cycle number when an acknowledgment message is properly received.

9. The data collection system of claim 8, wherein said interrogation signal processing means further includes reply means for determining if an informational message has already been transmitted and properly received for a given interrogation signal.

10. The data collection system of claim 9, wherein said reply means includes means for comparing the cycle number in said number storage means with the cycle number in the interrogation signal to determine when an informational message has already been transmitted and properly received.

11. The data collection system of claim 9, wherein said means for controlling is responsive to said reply means for determining when to power up and when to power down.

12. The data collection system of claim 9, in which said instrument link further includes antenna means for both receiving and sending RF signals.

13. The data collection system of claim 9, in which said instrument link further includes:

timing means for outputting a signal at preset time intervals;

auto-transmit means, responsive to said timing means, for determining when a given preset time interval has elapsed and outputting a signal when the time has elapsed; and

wherein said Instrument link controlling means is powered up in response to the output signal from said auto-transmit means so an informational message is sent to the interrogation apparatus.

14. The data collection system of claim 9, wherein said interrogation receiver means further includes a surface acoustic wave receiver and means for detecting the presence of an interrogation signal preamble.

15. The data collection system of claim 9, wherein said instrument link transmission means further includes a phase locked loop, a voltage controlled oscillator controlled by said phase locked loop and a modulation means for modulating the RF signal to be transmitted with the pseudorandom code sequence.

16. An instrument link, being interconnected to a data gathering device, the instrument link communicating with a remotely located interrogation apparatus, the instrument link comprising:

an instrument link receiver tuned to a predetermined transmitting frequency for an interrogation transmitter, said instrument link receiver providing an output representative of a transmitted interrogation message, where the transmitted interrogation message provides at least a center frequency for transmitting an informational message;

interrogation signal processing means, responsive to said instrument link receiver, for processing the receiver output to determine at least what information is to be transmitted by the instrument link and at what center frequency to transmit an informational message;

instrument link transmission means for transmitting the informational message at the center frequency determined by said interrogation signal processing means, where said instrument link transmission means is tunable to any of a number of center frequencies that lie in a prespecified bandpass; and

informational message generating means for generating an informational message for transmission by said instrument link transmission means, wherein the informational message generated provides the information requested in the interrogation message.

17. The instrument link of claim 16, wherein said instrument link further includes:

means for selectively controlling the operation of said instrument link receiver, said interrogation signal processing means, said instrument link transmissions means and informational message generating means so that they are powered down except when needed;

wherein said instrument link receiver is turned on periodically for a predetermined interval to listen for an interrogation message preamble; and

wherein said interrogation signal processing means is turned on when an interrogation signal preamble is detected.

18. The instrument link of claim 17, wherein said controlling means turns on said instrument link transmission means and said informational message generating means when said interrogation signal processing means determines that the informational message is to be transmitted.

19. The instrument link of claim 16, wherein said instrument link transmission means further includes a spread spectrum signal transmission means for transmitting spread spectrum radio frequency (RF) signals.

20. The instrument link of claim 19, wherein the content of a transmitted interrogation signal includes a transmission mode for said data link communication apparatus, an identifier of at least one instrument link, a reply window length indicating the time during which the interrogation apparatus will receive an informational message from said instrument link, a reading cycle number, and a pseudorandom code sequence to modulate the spread spectrum base-band signal being transmitted.

21. The instrument link of claim 19, wherein the interrogation apparatus outputs an acknowledgment message to said instrument link confirming proper receipt of a reply message and in which said instrument link further includes number storing means for storing the transmitted cycle number when an acknowledgment message is received.

22. The instrument link of claim 17, in which said instrument link further includes:

timing means for outputting a signal at preset time intervals;

auto-transmit means, responsive to said timing means, for determining when a given preset time interval has elapsed and outputting a signal when the time has elapsed; and

wherein said instrument link controlling means is powered up in response to the output signal from said auto-transmit means so an informational message is sent to the interrogation apparatus.