Shortcut network layer routing for mobile hosts

• US 5,442,633 A
• Filed: 07/08/1992
• Issued: 08/15/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Perkins, Charles E., Rekhter, Jacob Y.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Wellington
• Application Number:
  US07/910,701
• Time in Patent Office: 1,133 Days
• Field of Search: 370/85.1, 370/85.2, 370/85.3, 370/85.7, 370/85.13, 370/85.14, 370/94.1, 370/94.2, 370/94.3, 370/95.1, 370/95.3, 370/95.2, 340/825.5, 340/825.51, 455/39, 455/68, 455/53.1, 455/54.1, 455/54.2, 455/55.1, 455/56.1, 455/33.1, 455/33.2, 379/58, 379/59, 379/63
• US Class Current: 370/331
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/02 Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/28 for reactive routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/082 for traffic bypassing of mobility servers, e.g. location registers, home PLMNs or home agents
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 80/04 Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]

Abstract

A method for routing a packet of information between two hosts that are coupled to a network. Each of the hosts have a unique network address, and at least one of the hosts is a mobile host (10) that does not have a fixed network coupling location. The method includes a first step of (a) transmitting a packet from the mobile host to a second, destination host on the network through a wireless link that is established between the mobile host and a base access station (12) that serves a current physical location of the mobile host. The base access station is coupled to the network via a subnetwork (LAN) (14), and the packet includes a first Internet Protocol (IP) Loose Source Routing (LSR) option that includes a network address of the base access station. A second step (b) receives with the destination host the packet that includes the first IP LSR option. A third step (c) transmits a further, reply packet from the second host to the mobile host via the base access station in accordance with a path reversal technique wherein the reply packet includes a second IP LSR option that specifies as a first Routing address the network address of the base access station. As a result, the reply packet is directed through the network to the base access station that serves the current physical location of the mobile host, and an optimal, fast routing of the packet is achieved without involving intermediate gateways (16, 18).

Claims

1. A method for routing a packet of information between a first host and a second host that are coupled to a network, each of the hosts having a unique network address, wherein at least one of the hosts is a mobile host that does not have a fixed network coupling location, comprising the steps of:

transmitting a packet from the mobile host to the second host on the network through a wireless link that is established between the mobile host and a first base access station that serves a current physical location of the mobile host, the first base access station being coupled to the network via a subnetwork, the packet including a first Loose Source Routing LSR option that includes a network address of the first base access station and possibly at least one further network address;

receiving with the second host the packet that includes the first LSR option; and

transmitting a further packet from the second host to the mobile host, via the first base access station and the wireless link, in accordance with a path reversal technique such that the further packet includes a second LSR option that includes the network address of the first base access station that was included within the first LSR option, whereby the further packet is directed through the network to the first base access station that serves the current physical location of the mobile host.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 and further comprising the steps of:

in response to the mobile host establishing a wireless link with a second base access station on the same or a different subnetwork,

transmitting the network address of the second base access station from the mobile host to a mobile router that is coupled between the subnetwork and the network, the transmission including the network address of the mobile host; and

maintaining, with the mobile router, the network address of the mobile host and the network address of the second base access station.

3. A method as set forth in claim 2 and including a step of transmitting to the network from the mobile router the network address of the mobile router and the network address of the mobile host.

4. A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein, in response to a reception of a packet by the mobile router from the network, the packet not including an LSR option and having the network address of the mobile host as a destination address, the method includes the steps of:

converting the received packet into a packet that includes a newly created LSR option, the newly created LSR option being provided by the mobile router with the network address of the mobile host, the received packet further being provided with a destination address of a base access station that is serving the physical location within which the mobile host is currently located;

forwarding the converted packet from the mobile router to the base access station that serves the physical location within which the mobile host is currently located; and

receiving the converted packet and forwarding the received converted packet from the base access station over the wireless link to the mobile host.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of transmitting the further packet includes the steps of:

receiving the further packet with the first base access station; and

determining if the mobile host is currently located within the physical area served by the first base access station;

if it is determined that the mobile host is currently located within the physical area served by the first base access station, forwarding the further packet from the first base access station over the wireless link to the mobile host;

else

if it is determined that the mobile host is not currently located within the physical area served by the first base access station, and if it is determined that the second LSR option does not include a network address other than the network address of the mobile host, forwarding the further packet from the first base access station over the subnetwork to a mobile router that is coupled between the subnetwork and the network; and

forwarding the further packet from the mobile router to a second base access station that serves a physical location within which the mobile host is currently located.

6. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein, if it is determined that the mobile host is not currently located within the physical area served by the first base access station, the step of forwarding the further packet from the first base access station over the subnetwork to the mobile router includes an initial step of deleting the address of the first base access station from the further packet.

7. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein, if it is determined that the mobile host is currently located within the physical area served by the first base access station, the step of forwarding the further packet from the first base access station over the wireless link to the mobile host includes an initial step of advancing an LSR option address pointer beyond a last LSR option address.

8. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein, if it is determined that the mobile host is not currently located within the physical area served by the first base access station, the method includes a step of:

deleting the network address of the first base access station from the further packet; and

, if it determined that the LSR option includes a further network address other than the network address of the mobile host, the method further includes the steps of;

advancing a LSR option address pointer to the next, further network address; and

forwarding the packet to the next network address.

9. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the wireless link is an infrared radiation link.

10. A method for routing a packet of information between two hosts that are coupled to a network, each of the hosts having a unique network address, wherein at least one of the hosts is a mobile host that does not have a fixed network coupling location, comprising the steps of:

in response to a reception of a packet from the network by a mobile router, the packet not including an LSR option and having the network address of the mobile host as a destination address,

converting the received packet into a packet that includes a LSR option, the LSR option being provided by the mobile router with the network address of the mobile host, the received packet further being provided with a destination address of a base access station that is serving, with a wireless communication link, a physical location within which the mobile host is currently located;

forwarding the converted packet from the mobile router to the base access station that serves the physical location within which the mobile host is currently located; and

receiving the converted packet and forwarding the received converted packet from the base access station over the wireless link to the mobile host.

11. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the step of receiving the converted packet includes the steps of:

determining if the mobile host is currently located within the physical area served by the base access station;

if it is determined that the mobile host is currently located within the physical area served by the base access station, forwarding the converted packet from the base access station over the wireless link to the mobile host;

else

if it is determined that the mobile host is not currently located within the physical area served by the base access station, and if it is determined that the LSR option does not include a network address other than the network address of the mobile host, forwarding the converted packet from the base access station to the mobile router; and

forwarding the converted packet from the mobile router to another base access station that serves a physical location within which the mobile host is currently located.

12. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the wireless link is an infrared radiation link.

13. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the network address and the destination address are Internet addresses.

14. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the steps of receiving and forwarding are accomplished using an Internet Protocol.

15. A mobile host having a network address, the mobile host comprising:

means for bidirectionally communicating with a data communications network through a first base access station over a wireless communications link, the first base access station serving a wireless communications cell that encompasses a current physical location of the mobile host; and

means for transmitting an information packet to the data communications network, the information packet being transmitted over the wireless communications link to the first base access station, the information packet including a first Loose Source Routing LSR option that includes a network address of the first base access station.

16. A mobile host as set forth in claim 15 and further comprising means for receiving an information packet from the data communications network, the information packet being received from the first base access station over the wireless communications link, the received information packet including a second LSR option that includes the network address of the first base access station.

17. A mobile host as set forth in claim 15 and further comprising means, responsive to the mobile host establishing a wireless communications link with a second base access station, for transmitting the network address of the second base access station from the mobile host to a mobile router that is coupled to the network, the transmission including the network address of the mobile host.

18. A mobile host as set forth in claim 15 wherein said means for bidirectionally communicating includes means for transmitting and receiving infrared radiation signals.

19. A data communications system for routing a packet of information over a network, comprising:

at least one mobile host having a network address, said at least one mobile host not having a fixed network coupling location, said at least one mobile host including means for bidirectionally communicating with a wireless communications link;

at least one base access station that is coupled to the network and that serves a communication cell by means of the wireless communication link; and

a mobile router having means for transmitting information packets to the network and means for receiving information packets from the network, said mobile router further including means, responsive to a reception of an information packet from the network, the packet not including a Loose Source Routing LSR option and having a network address of a mobile host as a destination address, for converting the received information packet into a converted packet that includes a LSR option, said converting means providing the LSR option with the network address of the mobile host and also providing the converted packet with a destination address of a selected base access station that is serving, through the wireless communication link, a communication cell within which the mobile host was last known to be located.

20. A data communications system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said mobile router further includes means for forwarding the converted packet to said selected base access station having the destination address, and wherein said selected base access station includes means for receiving the converted packet and means for transmitting the received packet over the wireless communication link to the mobile host.