Bullet resistant glass/glass, glass/plastic, and plastic/plastic laminate composites

• US 5,445,890 A
• Filed: 06/06/1994
• Issued: 08/29/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Resikast Corporation
• Original Assignee: Resikast Corporation
• Inventors: Sudlow, H. Arne, Bayha, Charles E.
• Primary Examiner(s): NAKARANI, DHIRAJLAL S
• Application Number:
  US08/254,879
• Time in Patent Office: 449 Days
• Field of Search: 428/430, 428/431, 428/480, 428/482, 428/483, 428/412
• US Class Current: 428/431
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10018 comprising only one glass sheet
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10779 containing polyester
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2367/00 Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2369/00 Polycarbonates
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2571/02 defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing camouflage nets B32B2459/00
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/36 comprising polyesters
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 27/365 comprising polycarbonates
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 7/12 using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 212/12 Monomers containing a branched unsaturated aliphatic radical or a ring substituted by an alkyl radical
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 283/01 on to unsaturated polyesters C08F283/004 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 67/02 Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds C08L67/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C09J 167/06 Unsaturated polyesters having carbon-to-carbon unsaturation
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 5/0407 Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31507 Of polycarbonate
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31616 Next to polyester [e.g., alkyd]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/3162 Cross-linked polyester [e.g., glycerol maleate-styrene, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31786 Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31794 Of cross-linked polyester
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31797 Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Abstract

This invention relates to multiple glass/plastic laminates for ballistic resistant and security applications. The laminates typically comprise a glass lite and a plastic sheet, such as polycarbonate, bonded with an adhesive based on a novel solvent free thermosetting alkyd resin. Subsequent layers can be polycarbonate sheets and/or acrylic sheets and glass lites with the adhesive layer separating the lites and sheets.

Further, this invention relates to a vertical liquid pour process which enables the rapid manufacture of bullet resistant glass/plastic laminates without the need for expensive ultra-violet or heat curing ovens. The adhesive cures at temperatures ranging from 60° F. to 90° F. High temperature and high pressure treatments are unnecessary. Laminates produced in this manner with adhesive interlayer will pass all intended ballistic or security tests within a 12 hour period.

Claims

1. A glass laminate composite, comprising:

at least two parallel sheets of glass joined by a layer of adhesive polyester prepared by cross-linking a pre-polymer, said pre-polymer prepared by preparing a linear polyester oligomer by reacting a mixture comprising at least one dibasic acid selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, anhydride and maleic anhydride with at least one diol selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol to obtain a linear polyester oligomer having a molecular weight between about 900 and 1,200 measured by gel permeation chromatography;

adjusting the refractive index of said linear polyester oligomer to the refractive index of float glass by adding propylene glycol to said mixture of said dibasic acid and said diol;

and thinning said linear polyester oligomer with at least one monomer capable of cross-linking said linear polyester, said at least one monomer containing at least 60% by weight of t-butyl styrene, to obtain an adhesive polyester pre-polymer.

2. The glass laminate composite as set forth in claim 1, including adding a second polyester oligomer to said mixture prepared by reacting adipic acid, 2-methyl-1,3-propane-diol and propylene glycol to obtain a linear oligomer having a molecular weight of about 1000, and reacting said linear oligomer with (C₂ H₅ O)₄ Si and obtain a said second polyester oligomer having a molecular weight of about 3000.

3. The glass laminate composite set forth in claim 1, including at least one plastic sheet in parallel relation and spaced between said at least two parallel glass sheets, said plastic sheet joined to each of said glass sheets by a layer of said adhesive polyester.

4. The glass laminate composite set forth in claim 1, wherein said at least one monomer includes dibromostyrene.

5. A glass/plastic laminate, comprising:

at least one plastic sheet in parallel relation and spaced from at least one glass sheet, said plastic sheet joined to said glass sheet by a layer of adhesive polyester prepared by cross-linking a pre-polymer, said pre-polymer prepared by preparing a linear polyester oligomer by reacting a mixture comprising at least one dibasic acid selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, nadic anhydride and maleic anhydride with at least one diol selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol to obtain a linear polyester oligomer having a molecular weight between about 900 and 1,200 measured by gel permeation chromatography;

adjusting the refractive index of said linear polyester oligomer to the refractive index of float glass by adding propylene glycol to said mixture of said dibasic acid and said diol;

and thinning said linear polyester oligomer with at least one monomer capable of cross-linking said linear polyester, said at least one monomer containing at least 60% by weight of t-butyl styrene, to obtain an adhesive polyester pre-polymer.

6. The glass/plastic laminate as set forth in claim 5, including adding a second polyester oligomer to said mixture prepared by reacting adipic acid, 2-methyl-1,3-propane-diol and propylene glycol to obtain a linear oligomer having a molecular weight of about 1000, and reacting said linear oligomer with (C₂ H₅ O)₄ Si and obtain a said second polyester oligomer having a molecular weight of about 3000.

7. The glass/plastic laminate as set forth in claim 5, including at least one additional plastic sheet in parallel relation and spaced between said at least one plastic sheet and said at least one glass sheet, said at least one additional plastic sheet joined to each of said at least one plastic sheet and said at least one glass sheet by a layer of said adhesive polyester.

8. The glass/plastic laminate as set forth in claim 5, wherein said at least one monomer includes dibromostyrene.

9. A plastic/plastic laminate, comprising:

at least two parallel plastic sheets joined to each other by a layer of adhesive polyester resin prepared by cross-linking a pre-polymer, said pre-polymer prepared by preparing a linear polyester oligomer by reacting a mixture comprising at least one dibasic acid selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, nadic anhydride and maleic anhydride with at least one diol selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol to obtain a linear polyester oligomer having a molecular weight between about 900 and 1,200 measured by gel permeation chromatography;

adjusting the refractive index of said linear polyester oligomer to the refractive index of float glass by adding propylene glycol to said mixture of said dibasic acid and said diol;

and thinning said linear polyester oligomer with at least one monomer capable of cross-linking said linear polyester, said at least one monomer containing at least 60% by weight of t-bytyl styrene, to obtain an adhesive polyester pre-polymer.

10. A plastic/plastic laminate as set forth in claim 9, including adding a second polyester oligomer to said mixture prepared by reacting adipic acid, 2-methyl-1,3-propane-diol and propylene glycol to obtain a linear oligomer having a molecular weight of about 1000, and reacting said linear oligomer with (C₂ H₅ O)₄ Si and obtain a said second polyester oligomer having a molecular weight of about 3000.

11. The plastic/plastic laminate as set forth in claim 9, including at least one plastic sheet in parallel relation and spaced between said at least two parallel plastic sheets, said plastic sheets joined to each other by a layer of said adhesive polyester resin.

12. The plastic/plastic laminate as set forth in claim 9, wherein said at least one monomer includes dibromostyrene.