Low emission piston ring

• US 5,450,783 A
• Filed: 03/10/1994
• Issued: 09/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 03/10/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Dana Corporation (Dana, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Dana Corporation (Dana, Inc.)
• Inventors: Binford, J. Dudley
• Primary Examiner(s): Denion, Thomas E.
• Application Number:
  US08/209,156
• Time in Patent Office: 558 Days
• Field of Search: 92/208, 92/192, 277/216, 277/217, 277/139, 277/206 A, 123/193.6
• US Class Current: 92/208
• CPC Class Codes: F16J 9/20 Rings with special cross-section L-section rings F16J9/02; Oil-scraping rings F16J9/06 takes precedence

Abstract

A piston assembly such as that used with an internal combustion engine includes an annular cylinder having an inner cylinder wall defining a bore. An annular piston is reciprocal along a longitudinally extending axis within the bore of the cylinder. The piston includes two grooves that define the angled walls of a generally keystone wedge. A single strip of metal is formed into a one-piece split annular top land type piston ring with little or no intrinsic load. The piston ring is adapted to be received within the grooves of the piston to provide sealing engagement between the piston and the cylinder wall. The shape of the piston ring and the wedge of the piston provide a smooth sliding movement between the mating components as a dynamic force component is created in a radial direction in response to piston reciprocation along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.

Claims

1. An annular piston ring adapted to be received within a piston, the piston reciprocalable along a longitudinally extending axis within a cylinder having an inner cylinder wall defining a bore that receives the piston, the piston ring comprising:

a single strip of metal formed into a split annular ring with little or no intrinsic load, having a symmetrical cross-section, a line of symmetry defined along a radial axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and equally spaced between a longitudinally upper surface and a longitudinally lower surface of said ring, said piston ring including a central body, with an upper leg and a lower leg extending radially inwardly from said central body and defining a channel between them, a lower surface of said upper leg extending radially inwardly and longitudinally upwardly from said central body, and an upper surface of said lower leg extending radially inwardly and longitudinally downwardly from said central body, said lower wall of said upper leg and said upper wall of said lower leg having a common angle relative no said radial axis said common angle being between fifteen and thirty degrees.

2. A piston ring as recited in claim 1, wherein an outer radial periphery of said central body includes an upper edge and a lower edge, a continuous convex surface extending from said upper edge to said lower edge to provide a line of contact between said periphery and the inner cylinder wall.

3. A piston ring as recited in claim 1, wherein a radially outer periphery of said central body includes two radially inwardly extending legs, a channel defined between said radially outwardly extending legs, each of said radially outwardly extending legs adapted to contact the cylinder wall.

4. A piston ring as recited in claim 1, wherein said piston ring has a longitudinal thickness between 3 and 4 mm.

5. An assembly comprising:

a cylinder having an inner cylinder wall defining a bore;

an annular piston reciprocalable along a longitudinal axis within said bore and adapted to compress fluids, said piston including two angled grooves that define a generally keystone shaped wedge, an upper groove having a lower wall extending longitudinally downwardly and radially outwardly and a lower groove having an upper wall extending longitudinally upwardly and radially outwardly; and

a single strip of metal formed into a split annular piston ring with little or no intrinsic load, having a symmetrical cross-section, a line of symmetry defined along a radial axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and equally spaced between a longitudinally upper surface and a longitudinally lower surface of said ring, said piston ring including a central body, an upper leg and a lower leg extending radially inwardly from said central body and defining a channel between them, said upper leg received in said upper groove of said piston, said lower leg received in said lower groove of said piston, and said wedge received in said channel of said piston ring, a lower surface of said upper leg extending radially inwardly and longitudinally upwardly from said central body, and an upper surface of said lower leg extending radially inwardly and longitudinally downwardly from said central body.

6. An assembly as recited in claim 5, wherein said lower wall of said upper leg and said upper wall of said lower leg share a common angle relative to said radial axis.

7. An assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein said upper groove and said lower groove of said piston share said common angle.

8. An assembly as recited in claim 7, said common angle being between fifteen and thirty degrees.

9. An assembly as recited in claim 5, wherein a radially directed dynamic force component created as said piston reciprocates in said cylinder seating an outer radial periphery of said central body of said piston ring against said cylinder wall.

10. An assembly as recited in claim 9, wherein said outer radial periphery of said central body of said piston ring is convex.

11. An assembly as recited in claim 9, wherein said outer periphery of said central body of said ring includes a channel defined between two radially outwardly extending legs, each of said radially outwardly extending legs adapted to contact said cylinder wall.

12. An assembly as recited in claim 5, wherein said wedge is an isosceles trapezoid, said walls sharing a common length and angle, and a radially outer surface of said ledge extending along an axis parallel to said longitudinal axis.

13. An assembly as recited in claim 5, wherein said longitudinally upper surface of said piston ring is adapted to be exposed to said fluids.

14. An assembly as recited in claim 13, wherein said upper surface of said piston ring is generally flush with an upper surface of said piston.

15. An assembly as recited in claim 13, wherein said upper leg of said ring includes a radially inner surface, and said upper groove of said piston includes an outer wall, a portion of said fluids trapped a crevice defined between said outer wall of said upper groove and said radially inner surface of said upper leg and between said lower wall of said upper groove and said upper surface of said piston.

16. An assembly comprising:

a cylinder having an inner cylinder wall defining a bore;

an annular piston reciprocalable along a longitudinal axis within said bore and adapted to compress fluids, said piston including two angled grooves that define a wedge, an upper groove having a lower wall extending longitudinally downwardly and radially outwardly and a lower groove having an upper wall extending longitudinally upwardly and radially outwardly, said wedge being generally an isosceles trapezoid with said walls sharing a common length and angle; and

a single strip of metal formed into a split annular piston ring having little or no intrinsic load, having a symmetrical cross-section, a line of symmetry defined along a radial axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and equally spaced between a longitudinally upper surface and a longitudinally lower surface of said ring, said piston ring including a central body, an upper leg and a lower leg extending radially inwardly from said central body and defining a channel between them, said upper leg received in said upper groove of said piston, said lower leg received in said lower groove of said piston, and said wedge received in said channel of said piston ring, said upper surface of said ring generally flush with an upper surface of said piston, a lower surface of said upper leg extending radially inwardly and longitudinally upwardly from said central body, and an upper surface of said lower leg extending radially inwardly and longitudinally downwardly from said central body, wherein said lower wall of said upper leg, said upper wall of said lower leg, said upper groove of said piston, and said lower groove of said piston share a common angle, a radially directed dynamic force component created as said piston reciprocates in said cylinder seating an outer radial periphery of said central body of said piston ring against said cylinder wall.

17. An assembly as recited in claim 16, wherein said common angle is between 15 and 30 degrees.