Focal plane array imaging device with random access architecture

• US 5,452,004 A
• Filed: 06/17/1993
• Issued: 09/19/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: L-3 Communications Corporation (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Litton Systems Incorporated
• Inventors: Roberts, Peter C. T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mancuso, Joseph
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ho, Tuan V.
• Application Number:
  US08/079,094
• Time in Patent Office: 824 Days
• Field of Search: 348/294, 348/297, 348/298, 348/300, 348/301, 348/302, 348/307, 348/308, 348/309, 348/332
• US Class Current: 348/301
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/40 Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/443 by reading pixels from selected 2D regions of the array, e.g. for windowing or digital zooming
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/771 comprising storage means other than floating diffusion
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 3/155 Control of the image-sensor operation, e.g. image processing within the image-sensor

Abstract

An imaging device includes an array of plural imaging elements each of which is responsive to incident light flux to provide an output signal. Each of the imaging elements includes provision for conducting a variable time integration of incident light flux, and alternatively, also for selecting a time interval during which each of the imaging elements simultaneously conducts such a time integration of incident light flux (i.e., takes a snap shot of an image scene). The imaging device includes provision for random access of each image element or group of image elements in the array so that output signals indicative of all or of only selected parts of an imaged scene can be processed for their image information, if desired. The other parts of an imaged scene may not be considered or may be considered for their image information at a lower sampling rate than the selected parts of the scene so that image information about the selected parts of the image scene can be accessed at a much higher rate than is conventionally possible. A variable gain feature allows selective canceling of fixed-pattern noise, interference, or unwanted image information. An anti-blooming feature prevents charge from an excessively bright image source from cascading across the array. Also, a control cache memory allows control commands to be fed to the device at a high rate and to be implemented at a slower rate on a first-in, first-out basis.

Claims

1. An imaging device including an image element, said image element comprising a photovoltaic element for providing electrical charge in response to light incident upon said photovoltaic element, a charge storage device for receiving and storing said electrical charge, a logic gate and a first switch controlled by said logic gate for connecting said stored electrical charge to a charge drain, an amplifier for producing an output signal indicative of said stored electrical charge, a second switch for connecting said output signal to an output conductor, and a pair of image element reset and access conductors both connecting to said logic gate for controlling said logic gate and one of which connects with and controls said second switch to alternatively drain charge from said charge storage device by operation of said logic gate and said first switch or to conduct said output signal to said output conductor by operation of said second switch dependent upon whether said pair of image element reset and access conductors carry like or dissimilar signals.

2. The imaging device of claim 1 wherein said device includes a multitude of substantially similar image elements arranged in an array, each image element or group of such image elements including respective pairs of access conductors which in said array are associated with one another in accord with a geometry of said array, each image element or group of such image elements being connected with a respective output conductor.

3. The imaging device of claim 2 further including means for receiving a series of output signals from a series of said image elements in said array and for producing in response thereto a series of analogue signals indicative of said output signals.

4. The imaging device of claim 3 additionally including digitizing means for receiving said series of analogue signals and for producing a stream of digital signals indicative thereof.

5. The imaging device of claim 4 further including means for draining excess charge from said storage device, said draining means including a semiconductor substrate upon which said photovoltaic element is defined, and conductor means for establishing a reference analogue voltage level in said semiconductor substrate proximate to said photovoltaic element.

6. The imaging device of claim 4 further including an analogue output buffer providing a load to which said amplifier is coupled, and means for selectively varying the coupling of said amplifier to said load.

7. The imaging device of claim 6 wherein said means for selectively varying the coupling of said amplifier with said load includes said output buffer defining a voltage follower circuit, and means for biasing said voltage follower circuit.

8. The imaging device of claim 7 wherein said imaging device further includes an analogue-to-digital converter receiving an output signal from said output buffer and providing a digital signal indicative thereof.

9. The imaging device of claim 2 wherein said array is of rectangular configuration with said image elements in aligned rows and columns, said access conductors being arranged in a rectangular grid.

10. The imaging device of claim 9 further including a column access decoder for receiving a digital column address and producing a column select output in response thereto, a column select latch for receiving said column select output and holding a latched column select output communicating with a particular one of the access conductors of said array, said device further including a digital row access decoder receiving a digital row address and producing a row select output in response thereto, a row select latch for receiving said row select output and holding a latched row select output communicating with a particular one of the access conductors of said array.

11. The imaging device of claim 10 further including a control cache memory for receiving at a first rate said digital column address and said digital row address, for holding said column address and said row address, and for providing said column address and said row address at a second rate slower than said first rate and on a first-in, first-out basis to said column access decoder and row access decoder, respectively.

12. The imaging device of claim 1 further including another charge storage device, and a third switch interposed between said charge storage device and said another charge storage device.

13. The imaging device of claim 12 wherein said another charge storage device is included in said amplifier.

14. The imaging device of claim 1 wherein said device includes an array of plural image elements each substantially similar to said image element.

15. The imaging device of claim 14 further including processor means for individually accessing a selected one of said plural image elements.

16. An imaging device having an image element, said image element comprising:

a photoresponsive element providing electric charge in response to incident light flux,

a charge storage element receiving and storing electric charge from said photoresponsive element,

a gain control element interposed between said photoresponsive element and said storage element,

a charge drainage switch when closed connecting said charge storage element to a charge drain therefor,

a logic gate having a pair of inputs and controlling said charge drainage switch dependent upon whether said pair of inputs carry like or dissimilar signals,

an output amplifier providing an output voltage level indicative of charge stored on said charge storage element, and

an output switch having a control input which is one of said pair of inputs and when closed connecting said output voltage level to an output signal conductor.

17. The imaging device of claim 16 wherein said image element further includes another charge storage element connecting with said charge storage element to receive and store charge therefrom, and another switch interposed between said charge storage element and said another charge storage element to when open isolate said another charge storage element from said photoresponsive element.

18. The imaging device of claim 16 further including an array of plural imaging elements each of which is substantially similar to said image element.

19. The imaging device of claim 18 further including means for randomly accessing each of said imaging elements in said array.

20. The imaging device of claim 19 wherein said random accessing means includes a microprocessor identifying each of said plural imaging elements individually.