Dialysis electrode device

• US 5,462,645 A
• Filed: 05/18/1994
• Issued: 10/31/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 09/20/1991
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Imperial College of Science Technology & Medicine (Imperial College London)
• Original Assignee: Imperial College of Science Technology & Medicine (Imperial College London)
• Inventors: Albery, John W., Galley, Peter T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Niebling, John
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bell, Bruce F.
• Application Number:
  US08/211,080
• Time in Patent Office: 531 Days
• Field of Search: 204/415, 204/403, 204/412, 204/409, 204/231, 204/263, 204/153.1, 204/153.12, 128/642, 435/817, 435/291, 435/288
• US Class Current: 205/778
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14528 invasively
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14542 for measuring blood gases A61B5/14551 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1473 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1482 takes precedence

Abstract

A dialysis electrode device comprises a shank of needle-like proportions and formed from a hollow dialysis fiber membrane. The shank is closed at its distal end by a sealing plug and, at its proximal end, it is sealed to and in communication with an auxiliary chamber defined by a tubular body part. Electrolyte is supplied to the chamber in the shank through an inlet conduit and is removed via an outlet conduit connected to the auxiliary chamber. The device also includes a dialysis or first working electrode, which is insulated save for a length thereof disposed within the hollow shank, a counter electrode and a reference electrode mounted within the auxiliary chamber. It may be used in clinical medicine and the food, pharmaceutical and other industries where it is desirable to analyze or monitor the presence of chemical substances. In carrying out a microdialysis procedure in human tissue, for example, the device is primed with an enzyme electrolyte solution and electrical measurements are taken, in situ, of the concentration of a chemical substance diffusing into the shank chamber through the dialysis fiber shank.

Claims

1. A dialysis electrode device for monitoring the presence of an analyte in test matter comprising:

(a) probe means for implanting in said test matter, said probe means including a hollow shank formed from a hollow fiber of dialysis membrane material, said hollow shank having an internal chamber delimited by said dialysis fiber membrane, a proximal end and a closed distal end,

(b) conduit means for supplying electrolyte to said probe means and removing electrolyte therefrom, said conduit means including an inlet conduit for said electrolyte extending into said chamber in said hollow shank to a location adjacent said distal end of said hollow shank, and an outlet conduit in communication with said proximal end of said hollow shank,

(c) a working electrode mounted in said probe means and extending into said chamber in said hollow shank to a location adjacent said distal end of said hollow shank, and

(d) a reference electrode mounted in said probe means and electrically coupled to said working electrode by said electrolyte supplied to said chamber via said conduit means.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, including a counterelectrode which is electrically coupled to said working electrode by said electrolyte.

3. A device as claimed in claim 1, including a second working electrode which can compensate for spurious electrical signals and measure interference from electroactive molecules.

4. A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said second working electrode is disposed on an external surface of said hollow fiber.

5. A device as claimed in claim 1, including a hollow body part integrally joined to said proximal end of said hollow shank and having an auxiliary chamber communicating with said chamber in said hollow shank, and wherein said reference electrode is disposed in said auxiliary chamber and said outlet conduit has an inlet end disposed in said auxiliary chamber.

6. A device as claimed in claim 5, including a counterelectrode disposed in said auxiliary chamber, said counterelectrode being electrically coupled to said working electrode by said electrolyte.

7. A device as claimed in claim 5, including a second working electrode spirally wound about said hollow fiber.

8. A method of monitoring the presence of an analyte in test matter, in which said analyte is separated from the test matter by diffusion through a dialysis membrane comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a dialysis electrode device having probe means including a hollow shank formed from a hollow fiber of dialysis membrane material and having an internal chamber delimited by said hollow fiber and a closed distal end, said probe means including conduit means for supplying electrolyte to said chamber and removing electrolyte therefrom, a working electrode extending into said chamber and a reference electrode,

(b) implanting said hollow shank in said test matter,

(c) supplying electrolyte to said chamber via said conduit means,

(d) separating said analyte from said test matter by diffusion through said dialysis fiber membrane and into said electrolyte,

(e) applying a potential difference between said electrodes, and

(f) detecting a resulting electrical signal in said working electrode to produce a signal representative of the concentration of said analyte diffused through said dialysis fiber membrane.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said electrolyte includes a chemical substance for alleviating the effect, on the detection of said analyte, of an interferant, and wherein a potential difference is applied between said electrodes and a second working electrode disposed externally of said dialysis fiber membrane, and a resulting electrical signal in said second working electrode is detected to produce a signal representative of said concentration of said interferant.

10. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the supply of said electrolyte to said chamber is stopped at least during said detecting step.

11. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least one enzyme is supplied to said chamber together with said electrolyte.