Low-loss dielectric resonant devices having lattice structures with elongated resonant defects

• US 5,471,180 A
• Filed: 12/06/1993
• Issued: 11/28/1995
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Incorporated (BAE Systems Plc), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Sanders, Inc. (Martin Marietta Corporation), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Mullaney, Henry, Meade, Robert, Rappe, Andrew, Joannopoulos, John, Brommer, Karl
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Benny T.
• Application Number:
  US08/104,116
• Time in Patent Office: 722 Days
• Field of Search: 333/202, 333/208, 333/219.1, 343/909, 343/910, 343/911 R, 343/753, 343/754
• US Class Current: 333/202
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 20/00 Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/46 Systems using spatial filters
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/18 Diffraction gratings holographic optical elements G02B5/32, G03H; integrally combined with optical fibres G02B6/02057; for coupling light guides G02B6/34; integrally combined with optical integrated light guides G02B6/12; grating systems G02B27/44
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/28 Interference filters
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/1225 comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2202/32 Photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: H01P 1/2005 Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
• CPC Class Codes: H01P 1/207 Hollow waveguide filters H01P1/212, H01P1/213, H01P1/215, H01P1/219 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/006 Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/1042 Optical microcavities, e.g. cavity dimensions comparable to the wavelength
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/11 Comprising a photonic bandgap structure
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/249953 Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles

Abstract

A dielectric resonator comprising a resonant defect structure diposed in a lattice structure formed of a plurality of multi-dimensional periodically arranged dielectric elements confines electromagnetic energy within a frequency band in the photonic band gap. The frequency band of the confined electromagnetic energy is tunable. The unique structure of the dielectric resonator leads to reduced power dissipation losses when used in microwave and millimeter wave components. Accordingly, the dielectric resonator may be used to produce high quality resonant cavities, filters and power generators.

Claims

1. A dielectric device comprising:

a first dielectric material for receiving electromagnetic energy;

a lattice structure comprised of a plurality of elongate elements of a second dielectric material extending substantially in parallel to each other in a two-dimensional periodic arrangement within the first dielectric material, said lattice structure having dimensions proportioned such that electromagnetic energy having frequencies within a first frequency band is prevented from propagating through the lattice structure; and

a resonant defect structure located within the lattice structure for introducing a lattice imperfection into the lattice structure, the resonant defect structure having a resonant frequency within a second frequency band within the first frequency band such that electromagnetic energy having frequencies within the second frequency band is allowed to propagate through the lattice structure.

2. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 wherein each one of the elongate elements is a substantially cylindrical rod.

3. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the resonant defect structure comprises a low-dielectric elongate cavity extending through the first dielectric material in a direction parallel to the elongate elements.

4. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 3 wherein the elongate cavity has a circular cylindrical shape and has a resonant frequency corresponding to a center frequency of the second frequency band proportional to a cross-sectional radius of the elongate cavity.

5. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first frequency band is within a frequency range of 10⁶ to 10 ¹⁵ Hz.

6. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 in which the lattice structure is a triangular lattice structure.

7. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 in which the first dielectric material comprises air.

8. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 in which the second dielectric material comprises air.

9. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 wherein:

the first dielectric material is a high-dielectric material; and

the second dielectric material is a low-dielectric material.

10. A dielectric device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a waveguide within which the first dielectric material, the lattice structure and the resonant defect are located, the waveguide having an input end for coupling electromagnetic energy into the lattice structure and an output end for coupling out of the lattice structure electromagnetic energy having frequencies within the second frequency band and propagating in a direction substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis through each elongated element.