Integrated movement analyzing system

• US 5,513,651 A
• Filed: 11/04/1994
• Issued: 05/07/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/17/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Michael A. Potorti, OKTX, LLC, Insight Diagnostics, Inc. (Victory Square Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Maryrose Cusimano, Michael A. Potorti
• Inventors: Cusimano, MaryRose, Potorti, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): HINDENBURG, MAX F
• Application Number:
  US08/335,064
• Time in Patent Office: 550 Days
• Field of Search: 128/774, 128/779, 128/781, 128/782, 128/734, 128/741, 73/379
• US Class Current: 600/595
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1116 Determining posture transitions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1121 Determining geometric values, e.g. centre of rotation or angular range of movement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/222 combined with detection or measurement of physiological parameters, e.g. heart rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/389 Electromyography [EMG]

Abstract

An integrated movement analyzing system (10) that utilizes surface electromyography in combination with range of motion and functional capacity testing to monitor any muscle group in the human body (80). The system (10) consists of an integrated movement analyzer (18) that receives inputs from up to 32 channels of surface EMG electrodes (12), a range of motion arm (ROMA) (14 ) having six degrees of freedom, and a functional capacity sensor (FGS) (16) having one output channel. When performing upper and lower back testing, the ROMA (14) is connected between the patient'"'"'s upper back and lower back by a shoulder harness (40) and a waist belt (42). For cervical testing, the ROMA (14) is connected between the patient'"'"'s head and upper back by a cervical cap (44) and the shoulder harness (40). The output of the IMA (18) is provided via an analog to digital converter (30) to a computer (30). The computer (34) in combination with a software program (36) produces comparative analytical data which is primarily in the form of graphic plots.

Claims

1. An integrated movement analyzing system comprising:

a) a surface electromyography (SEMG) cable assembly comprising a plurality of paired SEMG leads having a first end that terminates at a cable connector and a second end where each lead terminates with an electrode attachment clip,

b) a plurality of SEMG electrode pads, where each pair of pads provides two clip attachment protrusions that interface with two skin contact points, where to the protrusions are releasably attached the electrode attachment clips, and where the two skin contact points are adapted to be attached to selected muscle group areas of a human patient, where each said SEMG electrode pad produces a differential analog signal representative of the resistance between the two skin contact points of the patient,

c) a range of motion arm (ROMA) having electrical circuit means and mechanical means for producing range of motion analog signals representative of the angular distance produced from selected areas of the patient,

d) a functional capacity sensor (FCS) having circuit means for producing a differential analog d-c signal representative of a pulling force exerted by the patient,

e) an integrated movement analyzer (IMA) comprising;

(1) a surface electromyography section having circuit means for receiving and processing the analog signals from said SEMG electrodes attached to said SEMG cable assembly,

(2) a range of motion section having circuit means for receiving and processing the analog signals from said ROMA,

(3) a functional capacity section having circuit means for receiving and processing the analog signals from said FCS, and

(4) an analog to digital converter (ADC) that receives and further processes the SEMG electrode, ROMA and FCS analog signals from said respective section,

f) an isolated power supply having circuit means for supplying the power requirements for operating the circuits of said integrated movement analyzing system, and

g) a computer having installed a system software program where said computer receives the processed signals from said ADC for further processing and for the production of data representative of the patient'"'"'s problems being analyzed.

2. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said surface electromyography section having circuit means for sampling up to 32 channels of differential surface electromyography analog signals, said range of motion section having circuit means for sampling up to six channels of range of motion arm analog signals, and said functional capacity section having circuit means for sampling up to two channels of functional capacity sensor analog signals, where all the signals are simultaneously measured at sampling speeds of up to 10 KHz for testing time frames.

3. The system as specified in claim 2 wherein said surface eleotromyography section circuit means for receiving and processing the differential analog signals from said surface eleotromyography (SEMG) electrodes comprises:

a) an instrumentation amplifier circuit having means for detecting the resistance between the contact points of each SEMG electrode which corresponds to the patient'"'"'s skin resistance and muscle activity and converting this resistance to a representative analog voltage,

b) a voltage-to-current circuit that is applied the analog voltage from said instrumentation amplifier circuit and having circuit means for converting the analog voltage to a linear current drive signal,

c) an optical isolation circuit that isolates the patient from said system and that is comprised of an analog optically isolated amplifier having circuit means for converting the linear current drive signal to a voltage representative of the differential analog signal from said SEMG electrodes, and

d) a filtering circuit comprising;

(1) a 10 Hz high-pass filter that eliminates any d-c component of the output signal from said optical isolation circuit,

(2) a notch filter that eliminates 60 Hz and applicable harmonics noise inherently generated in the air, and

(3) a low-pass filter that eliminates frequencies above 2.5 KHz, where the output signal of said filtering circuit represents the resistance detected at the SEMG electrode connected to the patient.

4. The system as specified in claim 3 wherein said instrumentation amplifier circuit means further comprises:

a) a SEMG input circuit comprising an instrumentation amplifier U1 having a positive and negative input and an output, where the input is connected across a pair of current limiting resistors R1 and R2 respectively with each resistor having an input side and an output side, where to the resistor'"'"'s input side is applied respectively, the positive and negative input signals from said SEMG electrodes, and where the resistor'"'"'s output side is connected across a capacitor Cl and a network of four diodes CR1-CR4, where the capacitor provides stability between the two inputs of the instrumentation amplifier U1 by filtering high common mode noise and the four diodes prevent static charge or over voltage from damaging the instrumentation amplifier, where any difference in voltage potential between the positive and negative inputs of the instrumentation amplifier U1 is equal to the difference in potential between the two leads of said SEMG electrodes and is also the output of the instrumentation amplifier,

b) a low pass filter comprising a coupling capacitor C2 having an input side and an output side, where the input side is applied the output of said instrumentation amplifier U1 and the output side is connected to the input of a 10 KHz low pass filter that filters all frequencies above 10 KHz, where said filter comprises a series resistor R4 that is connected across a resistor R5 and a capacitor C3 that are connected to circuit ground, and

c) a voltage amplifier comprising a voltage amplifier U2 having a positive and negative input and an output, where connected to the positive input is the output from said low pass filter, with said voltage amplifier having a gain of at least 30 that is produced by a pair of voltage-dividing feedback resistors R3 and R6 that have their junction connected to the negative input of said voltage amplifier U3.

5. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said integrated movement analyzer further comprises a lead failure detection section having circuit means for alerting a system operator when there is a SEMG electrode lead failure, where said lead failure detection section comprises:

a) a lead-fail detection circuit having means for detecting when the input from said SEMG electrodes cross over a threshold differential voltage level of 2.5 volts d-c indicating that at least one of the two paired said electrode leads has failed or fallen off a patient, whereupon such a failure, said lead-fail detection circuit produces an output digital signal,

b) a lead-fail optically coupled signal circuit that is comprised of an optical coupler that converts the digital input signal from said lead-fail detection circuit to an isolated optical signal then back to a digital signal, and

c) a set of lead-fail indicators comprising light emitting diodes (LED'"'"'s) that are located on a front panel of said integrated movement analyzer and that are energized by the output signal from said lead-fail detection circuit, where the signal that energizes the LED'"'"'s is also applied to said analog to digital converter and is monitored by said computer through the digital port of said analog to digital converter.

6. The system as specified in claim 5 wherein said lead-fail detection circuit further comprises:

a) a lead-fail input circuit comprising a pair of voltage amplifiers U3 and U4 each having a positive and negative input and an output, where to the positive inputs is applied the positive and negative input signals respectively from said SEMG electrodes through resistors R7 and R8 respectively, where the amplifiers U3 and and U4 are configured as voltage followers to assure that said lead-fail detection circuit does not interfere with said surface eleotromyography section, and

b) a comparator circuit comprising a pair of amplifiers U5 and U6 each having a positive and negative input and an output, where to the positive inputs are applied the outputs from the voltage amplifiers U3 and UA respectively through input resistors R9 and R10 respectively, and where the amplifiers operate with a positive feedback path that is applied through resistors R11 and R12 respectively, where said comparator circuit further includes a bias circuit that sets a bias level at the negative inputs of the amplifiers U5 and U6, by means of a pair of resistors R13 and R14 and capacitor C4, where resistor R13 is connected to a positive voltage and capacitor C4 and resistor 14 are connected to circuit ground, where the bias circuit assures that if the positive inputs of amplifiers U5 and U6 drop below a specified threshold level, the output of either amplifier U5, U6 will change to a zero output and their output will be applied to an OR logic circuit consisting of diodes CR5 and CR6 which also drops to zero to produce the digital signal that is applied to said lead-fail optically coupled circuit.

7. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said range of motion arm (ROMA) mechanical means comprises a non-load bearing device that includes an upper knuckle, a middle junction and a lower knuckle, where said ROMA is attached, by an attachment means, from the patient'"'"'s shoulders to the patient'"'"'s lower back for back protocol testing or from the patient'"'"'s head to the patient'"'"'s shoulders for cervical testing, wherein said ROMA'"'"'s:

a) upper knuckle rotates in three directions to measure up and down, side to side, and rotary movements of the patient'"'"'s shoulders for back measurements or the top of the patient'"'"'s head for cervical movements in the X, Y and Z planes,

b) middle junction rotates in an angular motion to measure the angular distance in the X-plane, and

c) lower knuckle rotates in two directions to measure the angular distance in the Y-plane as well as the rotation in the Z-plane.

8. The system as specified in claim 7 wherein said means for attaching said range of motion arm from the patient'"'"'s upper back to the patient'"'"'s lower back comprises a shoulder harness and a waist belt respectively.

9. The system as specified in claim 7 wherein said means for attaching said range of motion arm from the patient'"'"'s upper back to the patient'"'"'s head comprises a shoulder harness and a cervical cap respectively.

10. The system as specified in claim 8 wherein said shoulder harness comprises:

a) a right shoulder support having an upper section and a lower section, where the lower section is adjustably attached to the upper section by an attachment means that allows the right shoulder support to be adjusted to fit the anatomy of the patient undergoing testing,

b) a left shoulder support having an upper section and a lower section, where the lower section is adjustably attached to the upper section by an attachment means that allows the left shoulder support to be adjusted to fit the anatomy of the patient being tested, and

c) a horizontal back strap that is integrally attached to the inward back edges of the right and left shoulder supports across the upper back of the patient, where protruding outward from the center of the back strap is a ROMA attachment structure that allows said ROMA to be removably attached.

11. The system as specified in claim 8 wherein said waist belt comprises:

a) a means for adjustably attaching said waist belt across the waist of the patient undergoing testing and,

b) a ROMA attachment structure that protrudes outward from the back of said waist belt and that allows said ROMA to be removably attached.

12. The system as specified in claim 9 wherein said cervical cap comprises:

a) a head band having means for being adjusted to fit the head of the patient undergoing testing,

b) a head support that is attached across the head band, and

c) a ROMA attachment structure that protrudes outward from the top of the head support and allows said ROMA to be removably attached.

13. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said range of motion arm (ROMA) circuit means comprises a set of potentiometers where said ROMA'"'"'s upper knuckle has three potentiometers, the middle junction has one potentiometer, and the lower knuckles has two potentiometers where the potentiometers provide six channels of range of motion analog signals.

14. The system as specified in claim 13 wherein the range of motion analog signals from said ROMA are in the form of voltage levels ranging from 0 to 5-volts d-c, where 0-volts is representative of 0-degrees of angular displacement and 5-volts d-c is representative of 270-degrees of angular displacement.

15. The system as specified in claim 13 wherein said integrated movement analyzer circuit means for receiving and processing the range of motion analog signals from said range of motion arm comprises:

a) a voltage follower buffering and low-pass filtering circuit having means for;

(1) providing a d-c excitation voltage and an isolated ground that is applied across each of the potentiometers in said ROMA,

(2) retaining the integrity of the potentiometer wiper voltage by eliminating any a-c component above 50 Hz,

b) a voltage-to-current circuit that receives the processed analog signal from said voltage follower buffering and low-pass filtering circuit and converts the analog voltages representative of angular distance to a linear current drive signal, and

c) an isolation circuit consisting of an analog optically isolated amplifier which receives the linear current drive signal from said voltage-to-current circuit and converts the signal to a voltage representative of the angular displacement of the ROMA potentiometers.

16. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said integrated movement analyzer circuit means for receiving and processing the differential analog d-c signals from said functional capacity sensor (FCS) comprises:

a) an instrumentation amplifier circuit and sensor bridge driver voltage having means for;

(1) providing a d-c excitation voltage and an isolated ground for sensor bridge excitation,

(2) receiving a differential signal from said sensor bridge, whereby the difference in resistance is sensed to provide a representative d-c voltage signal,

b) a voltage to current circuit which is applied and converts the representative d-c voltage signal to a linear current drive signal, and

c) an optical isolation circuit consisting of an optically isolated amplifier which receives the linear current drive signal from said voltage to current circuit and converts the signal to a d-c voltage representative of the force exerted upon said FCS.

17. The system as specified in claim 16 wherein the range of voltage levels for the d-c voltage representative of the force exerted upon said FCB range from 0 to 5-volts, where 0-volts is representative of zero lbs. and 5-volts d-c is representative of the specific calibration of the sensor bridge.

18. The system as specified in claim 17 wherein said functional capacity sensor mechanical means comprises:

a) a strain gauge mounted on a flat piece of metal on which the patient stands, and

b) an adjustable cable having an end attached to the flat piece of metal and the other end having a two handed grip, where when the grip is pulled by the patient, the strain gauge measures the pulling force of the patient which is analogous to the lifting power of the patient.

19. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said isolated power supply circuit means comprises:

a) a bridge rectifier and d-c circuit filter that is applied a-c utility power which is then rectified and filtered to produce a d-c voltage output,

b) a set of d-c power regulation circuits that are applied the d-c voltage from said bridge rectifier and d-c filter and that produce;

+5 volts d-c, +12 volts d-c, -12 volts d-c and -5 volts d-c which are applied;

(1) directly to said system circuits that are not optically isolated, and

(2) to a set of three isolation d-c to d-c converting circuits that convert the non-isolated d-c voltages to isolated d-c voltages, and

(3) to an isolated ±

5 volts d-c and ±

12 volts d-c voltage regulators which further regulate and produce the d-c regulated voltages required for the optically isolated circuits.

20. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said surface eleotromyography cable assembly varies in length from 4 to 40 feet in configurations consisting of individual shielded coax wires twisted in pairs for each channel, where the shields for each wire terminate at the input circuit of said integrated movement analyzer to eliminate ground loops, and where said cable further includes a single, non-coax wipe that is used as signal ground for setting the ground reference from the patient to the integrated movement analyzer, where said cable terminates at the first end with a twist lock connector and the second end with a pair of finger-operated spring clips that releasably attach to the clip attachment protrusions on said SEMG electrode pads.

21. The system as specified in claim 1 wherein said data produced by said combination computer and software program produces comparative analytical data which is in the form of graphic plots.

22. The system as specified in claim 21 wherein said system computer software:

a) interfaces with a parallel interface connector,

b) selects the voltage level that each channel will respond to,

c) initializes the sampling frequency rate of the ADC,

d) selects the appropriate testing protocol,

e) samples each cable lead during the test to detect if a lead failure has occurred,

f) prompts the system user as to the location of a lead failure,

g) starts the integrated movement analyzer when the testing should begin,

h) prompts the technician as to the muscle groups that the individual leads should be connected to for a given protocol,

i) prompts the technician as to the activities that the patient should be performing during the test cycle,

j) saves the data on hard drive at the completion of a test,

k) converts the patient'"'"'s data from binary data to computer graphics,

l) time and date stamps each file as data is taken,

m) generates computer plots from 1 to 40 channels of data,

n) plots range of motion data and correlates this data to angular displacement,

o) plots functional capacity data and correlates this data to maximum force applied to the functional capacity sensor by the patient,

p) sets the testing time for the test being performed, and

q) produces plots which include patient information, location of test, the test performed and the muscle groups.

23. The system as specified in claim 22 wherein said system software program further comprises:

a) a patient'"'"'s data collection program which allows the selection of the following options;

(1) cervical/carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) protocol testing,

(2) extremities protocol testing,

(3) mid and lower back protocol testing,

(4) technical information covering lead setup and muscle groups,

(5) lead-fail integrity check, and

(6) return to main screen option selection,

where said data collection software program;

(1) interfaces with a parallel interface connector,

(2) selects the voltage level that each channel will respond to,

(3) initializes the sampling frequency rate of the ADC,

(4) selects the appropriate testing protocol,

(5) samples each cable lead during the test to detect if a lead failure has occurred,

(6) prompts the system user as to the location of a lead failure,

(7) starts the integrated movement analyzer when the testing should begin,

(8) prompts the technician as to the muscle groups that the individual leads should be connected to for a given protocol,

(9) prompts the technician as to the activities that the patient should be performing during the testing cycle,

(10) saves the data on hard drive at the completion of a test,

(11) converts the patient'"'"'s data from binary data to computer graphics, and

(12) time and data stamps each file as data is taken,

b) a patient'"'"'s data plotting program that allows the plotting of the patient'"'"'s data for use on a final report, where said data;

(1) generates computer plots from 1 to 40 channels of data,

(2) plots range of motion data and correlates this data to angular displacement,

(3) plots functional capacity data and correlates this data to maximum force applied to the functional capacity sensor by the patient,

(4) sets the testing time for the test being performed, and

(5) produces plots which include patient information, location of test, the test performed and the muscle groups.

24. A process for analyzing myofacial injuries by use of an integrated movement analyzer (IMA) that operates in combination with a computer that includes a system software program, a range of motion arm (ROMA), and a surface electromyography (SEMG) cable assembly comprising a plurality of paired SEMG leads having a first end that terminates at a cable connector that attaches to a mating connector on said IMA and a second end where each paired SEMG lead terminates with a designated electrode attachment clip, said process comprising the following steps:

a) connect said IMA to a source of electrical power,

b) connect said computer to said IMA,

c) connect said SEMG cable assembly to said IMA and test the integrity of said SEMG cable assembly by means of said computer,

d) connect said ROMA to said IMA,

e) prepare a patient by cleansing the area of the patient'"'"'s body encompassing a muscle group pertaining to the test protocol that is to be analyzed,

f) attach to each designated lead of said SEMG cable assembly, a SEMG electrode pad,

g) mount said ROMA to patient,

h) attach said electrode pads around the area of the selected muscle groups, as follows,

i) for testing of repetitive stress injuries protocol, attach the SEMG electrode pads to the following muscle groups bilaterally;

(1) external sternocleidomastoid (SCM),

(2) scalene,

(3) paraspinal cervical,

(4) upper trapezii,

(5) deltoid,

(6) bicep,

(7) tricep and

(8) wrist,

j) for testing the cervical region, attach the SEMG electrode pads to the following muscle groups bilaterally;

(1) external sternocleidomastoid (SCM),

(2) scalene,

(3) paracervical, and

(4) upper trapezii,

k) for testing the middle back region, attach the SEMG electrode pads to the following muscle groups bilaterally;

(1) middle trapezii,

(2) lower trapezii,

(3) paraspinal set 1, and

(4) paraspinal set 2,

l) for testing the lower back region, attach the SEMG electrode pads to the following muscle groups bilaterally;

(1) paraspinal set 1,

(2) paraspinal set 2,

(3) quadratus lumborum and

(4) gluteal,

m) for testing the lower extremity region, attach the SEMG electrode pads to the following muscle groups;

(1) anterior thigh,

(2) posterior thigh,

(3) anterior calf, and

(4) posterior calf

n) instruct the patient to perform a series of movements while maintaining either a sitting or standing position as follows;

(1) for the RSI test instruct the patient to perform the actions pertaining to the cervical and extremity regions,

(2) for the cervical region test, instruct the patient to perform the actions pertaining to the cervical region,

(3) for the extremities region, instruct the patient to perform the actions pertaining to the lower extremity region, and

(4) for the middle and lower back region, instruct the patient to perform the actions pertaining to the middle and lower back region.

25. The process as specified in claim 24 wherein said process further comprises the use of a functional capacity sensor (FCS) that includes a flat metal plate having a strain gauge and on which the patient stands, and a pull cable attached to the metal plate, said process comprising:

a) attach said FCS to said IMA,

b) instruct patient to

(1) stand on the flat metal plate,

(2) pull on the pull cable and

c) allow said computer to display and record the pulling force exerted by the patient.

26. An integrated movement analyzing system comprising:

a) a surface electromyograph (SEMG) cable assembly comprising a plurality of paired SEMG leads having a first end that terminates at a cable connector and a second end where each lead terminates with an electrode attachment clip,

b) a plurality of SEMG electrode pads, where each pair of pads provides two clip attachment protrusions that interface with two skin contact points adapted to be attached to selected muscle group areas of a human patient, where to the protrusions are releasably attached the electrode attachment clips, and where each said SEMG electrode pad produces a differential analog signal representative of the resistance between the two skin contact points of the patient,

c) a range of motion arm (ROMA) having electrical circuit means and mechanical means for producing range of motion analog signals representative of the angular distance produced from selected areas of the patient,

d) an integrated movement analyzer (MA) comprising;

(1) a surface electromyography section having circuit means for receiving and processing the analog signals from said SEMG electrodes attached to said SEMG cable assembly,

(2) a range of motion section having circuit means for receiving and processing the analog signals from said ROMA,

(3) an analog to digital converter (ADC) that receives and further processes the SEMG electrode, and ROMA analog signals from said respective section,

e) a power supply having circuit means for supplying the power requirements for operating the circuits of said integrated movement analyzing system, and

f) a computer having installed a system software program where said computer receives the processed signals from said ADC for further processing and for the production of data representative of the patient'"'"'s problems being analyzed.