Integrated circuit protected against electrostatic overvoltages

• US 5,515,225 A
• Filed: 08/04/1994
• Issued: 05/07/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/06/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: STMicroelectronics Incorporated (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Original Assignee: SGS-Thomson Microelectronics (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Inventors: Gens, Marc, Jimenez, Jean
• Primary Examiner(s): Pellinen, A. D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SHERRY, MICHAEL JUDE
• Application Number:
  US08/286,490
• Time in Patent Office: 642 Days
• Field of Search: 361/56, 361/91, 361/118, 361/90, 361/93, 361/100-101, 361/111, 361/212
• US Class Current: 361/56
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/0248 for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/0255 using diodes as protective elements

Abstract

A circuit protects pads of an integrated circuit having a plurality of power supply sources against electrostatic overvoltages. Each power supply is connected between a high voltage pad and a low voltage pad. Each pad of the circuit, as well as each power supply pad, is connected to the anode of a first diode having its cathode connected to a first conductive bus, and to the cathode of a second diode having its anode connected to a second conductive bus. A unidirectional clipping device is connected by its cathode to the first bus and by its anode to the second bus.

Claims

1. A circuit for protecting a plurality of input/output pads of an integrated circuit associated with a plurality of power supply sources against electrostatic overvoltages, each power supply source being connected to a high voltage pad and a low voltage pad, comprising:

a first conductive bus and a second conductive bus;

a plurality of first diodes coupled to the first conductive bus;

a plurality of second diodes coupled to the second conductive bus, wherein each of the plurality of input/output pads, at least one high voltage pad, and at least one low voltage pad is connected to an anode of a respective first diode having a cathode connected to the first conductive bus, and to a cathode of a respective second diode having an anode connected to the second conductive bus; and

a unidirectional clipping device having an anode connected to the second conductive bus, and a cathode connected to the first conductive bus.

2. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the high and the low voltage pads connected to each of the plurality of power supply sources, are connected to an anode of a respective first diode having a cathode connected to the first conductive bus, and connected to a cathode of a respective second diode having an anode connected to the second conductive bus.

3. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein a high voltage pad of a highest power supply source is connected to the first conductive bus, and a low voltage pad of a lowest power supply source is connected to the second conductive bus.

4. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein each of the first and the second conductive buses is formed at a periphery of the integrated circuit, the input/output and voltage pads being disposed between the first and the second conductive buses.

5. A protection circuit for protecting an integrated circuit having a plurality of pads including a first circuit pad, a second circuit pad, a first voltage supply pad that connects to a first voltage supply and a second voltage supply pad that connects to the first voltage supply, the protection circuit comprising:

a first conductive path and a second conductive path;

a plurality of first diodes, a first diode being coupled between each pad and the first conductive path;

a plurality of second diodes, a second diode being coupled between each pad and the second conductive path; and

a clipping circuit coupled between the first and the second conductive paths.

6. A protection circuit for protecting an integrated circuit having a plurality of pads including a first circuit pad, a second circuit pad, a first voltage supply pad that connects to a first voltage supply, and a second voltage supply pad that connects to the first voltage supply, the protection circuit comprising:

a first conductive path and a second conductive path;

a plurality of first diodes, a first diode being coupled between each pad and the first conductive path;

a plurality of second diodes, a second diode being coupled between each pad and the second conductive path; and

a clipping circuit coupled between the first and the second conductive paths, wherein

each diode has an anode and a cathode,

each pad is coupled to the anode of the first diode that is coupled between the pad and the first conductive path;

each pad is coupled to the cathode of the second diode that is coupled between the pad and the second conductive path;

the first conductive path is coupled to the cathode of each first diode; and

the second conductive path is coupled to the anode of each second diode.

7. The protection circuit of claim 6, wherein the clipping circuit includes a unidirectional clipping device having an anode and a cathode, the anode being coupled to the second conductive path, and the cathode being coupled to the first conductive path.

8. The protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the unidirectional clipping device includes a zener diode having a clipping voltage.

9. The protection circuit of claim 8, wherein each first diode has a first forward voltage drop, each second diode has a second forward voltage drop, and the protection circuit has a voltage protection threshold equal to approximately the sum of the first forward voltage drop, the second forward voltage drop and the clipping voltage.

10. The protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the first and the second conductive paths include a first terminal that connects to a second voltage supply, and a second terminal that connects to a third voltage supply, respectively to provide a first potential difference between the first and the second terminals, which is greater than a second potential difference between the first voltage supply pad and the second voltage supply pad.

11. The protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the pads and the conductive paths are disposed adjacent a periphery of the integrated circuit, and the pads are disposed between the first and the second conductive paths.

12. A protection circuit for protecting an integrated circuit having a plurality of external connecting means for establishing an external connection including first circuit means for establishing an external circuit connection, second circuit means for establishing an external circuit connection, first voltage supply means for establishing first external voltage connection to a first voltage supply and second voltage supply means for establishing a second external voltage connection to the first voltage supply, the protection circuit comprising:

first conducting means for conducting current and second conducting means for conducting current;

a plurality of first voltage controlling means for controlling voltage, a first voltage controlling means being coupled between each external connecting means and the first conducting means;

a plurality of second voltage controlling means for controlling voltage, a second voltage controlling means being coupled between each external connecting means and the second conducting means; and

clipping means for clipping voltage coupled between the first and a second conducting means.

13. The protection circuit of claim 12, wherein

each voltage controlling means has input means for inputting current and output means for outputting current,

each external connecting means is coupled to the input means of the first voltage controlling means that is coupled between the external connecting means and the first conducting means;

each external connecting means is coupled to the output means of the second voltage controlling means that is coupled between the external connecting means and the second conducting means;

the first conducting means is coupled to each output means of each first voltage controlling means; and

the second conducting means is coupled to each input means of each second voltage controlling means.

14. The protection circuit of claim 13, wherein the clipping means includes clipping input means and clipping output means, the clipping input means of the clipping means being coupled to the second conducting means, and the clipping output means of the clipping means being coupled to the first conducting means.

15. The protection circuit of claim 14, wherein the clipping means includes means for conducting current in a reverse direction so that current enters through the clipping output means and exits through the clipping input means when a voltage between the first conducting means and the second conducting means exceeds a clipping voltage.

16. The protection circuit of claim 15, wherein each first voltage controlling means has a first forward voltage drop, each second voltage controlling means has a second forward voltage drop, and the protection circuit has a voltage protection threshold equal to approximately the sum of the first forward voltage drop, the second forward voltage drop and the clipping voltage.

17. The protection circuit of claim 14, wherein the first and the second conducting means include a first terminal that connects to a second voltage supply, and a second terminal that connects to a third voltage supply, respectively, to provide a first potential difference between the first and the second terminals, which is greater than a second potential difference between the first and the second voltage supply means.

18. The protection circuit of claim 14, wherein the external connecting means and the conducting means are disposed adjacent a periphery of the integrated circuit, and the external connecting means are disposed between the first and the second conducting means.

19. A protection method for protecting an integrated circuit having a first circuit pad, a first voltage supply pad that connects to a first voltage supply, and a second voltage supply pad that connects to the first voltage supply, the method including:

draining current from the first circuit pad through a first diode, a clipping device having a clipping voltage, and a second diode, each diode having a forward bias voltage, if a potential difference between the first circuit pad and the first voltage supply pad exceeds a sum of the forward bias voltages of the first and second diodes, and the clipping voltage; and

providing current to the first circuit pad through third diode, the clipping device, and a fourth diode if a potential difference between the first circuit pad and the second voltage supply pad exceeds the sum.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the integrated circuit includes a second pad, and the method includes the step of:

draining current from the first pad and providing current to the second pad when a potential difference between the first and second circuit pads exceeds the sum.

21. The protection method of claim 19, further including the steps of:

connecting a positive terminal of a first voltage supply to the first voltage pad; and

connecting a negative terminal of the first voltage supply to the second voltage pad.

22. The protection method of claim 21, further including the step of:

draining current from the first circuit pad, through the first diode, to a third voltage supply.

23. The protection method of claim 21, further including the step of:

providing current to the first circuit pad, through the second diode, from a third voltage supply.