Audio I/O instruction interpretation for audio card

• US 5,515,474 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 05/07/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Lisle, Ron, Ritthaler, Bridget, Deacon, John
• Primary Examiner(s): MacDonald, Allen R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dorvil, Richemond
• Application Number:
  US08/479,246
• Time in Patent Office: 335 Days
• Field of Search: 395/2.1, 395/2.86, 395/2.7, 395/11, 395/12, 395/2.87, 395/2.79, 395/154, 381/42
• US Class Current: 704/201
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 1/0075 with translation or conversion means for unvailable commands, e.g. special tone colors
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/071 Spint harpsichord, i.e. mimicking plucked keyboard instruments, e.g. harpsichord, virginal, muselar, spinet, clavicytherium, ottavino, archicembalo
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/081 Spint viola
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/085 Spint cello
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/101 Spint koto, i.e. mimicking any traditional asian-style plucked zither with movable bridges
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/105 Spint dulcimer, i.e. mimicking any zither-like instrument with small hand-played mallet hammers Appalachian dulcimer G10H2230/095
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/115 Spint sitar, i.e. mimicking any long-necked plucked string instrument with a large number of additional non-playable sympathetic resonating strings or an additional gourd-like resonating chamber
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/125 Spint harp, i.e. mimicking harp-like instruments, e.g. large size concert harp, with pedal
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/151 Spint banjo, i.e. mimicking a stringed instrument with a piece of plastic or animal skin stretched over a circular frame or gourd, e.g. shamisen or other skin-covered lutes
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/161 Spint whistle, i.e. mimicking wind instruments in which the air is split against an edge, e.g. musical whistles, three tone samba whistle, penny whistle, pea whistle; whistle-emulating mouth interfaces; MIDI control therefor, e.g. for calliope
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/165 Spint recorder, i.e. mimicking any end-blown whistle flute with several finger holes, e.g. recorders, xiao, kaval, shakuhachi and hocchiku flutes
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/175 Spint trumpet, i.e. mimicking cylindrical bore brass instruments, e.g. bugle
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/191 Spint French horn, i.e. mimicking an orchestral horn with valves for switching pipe lengths English horn G10H2230/231
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/195 Spint flute, i.e. mimicking or emulating a transverse flute or air jet sensor arrangement therefor, e.g. sensing angle, lip position, etc, to trigger octave change; input breath G10H2220/361; end-blown flutes G10H2230/161
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/201 Spint piccolo, i.e. half-size transverse flute, e.g. ottavino piccolo clarinet G10H2230/241
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/215 Spint bagpipe, i.e. mimicking instruments with enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir; Bagpipe-like electrophonic instrument; Midi-like interfaces therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/221 Spint saxophone, i.e. mimicking conical bore musical instruments with single reed mouthpiece, e.g. saxophones, electrophonic emulation or interfacing aspects therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/225 Spint oboe, i.e. mimicking double reed woodwind with conical bore, e.g. oboe
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/231 Spint english horn
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/235 Spint bassoon, i.e. mimicking double reed low range woodwind with doubled back conical bore, e.g. bassoon
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/241 : Spint clarinet, i.e. mimicking any member of the single reed cylindrical bore woodwind instrument family, e.g. piccolo clarinet, octocontrabass, chalumeau, hornpipes, zhaleika
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2230/255 : Spint xylophone, i.e. mimicking any multi-toned percussion instrument with a multiplicity of tuned resonating bodies, regardless of their material or shape, e.g. xylophone, vibraphone, lithophone, metallophone, marimba, balafon, ranat, gamban, anklong
• CPC Class Codes: G10H 2250/365 : Gensound applause, e.g. handclapping; Cheering; Booing crowd sounds G10H2250/401

Abstract

A system and method for handling audio input/output data translates audio message in a first format from an audio application resident in a virtual machine to an audio voice in a second format which may have no exact match for the original audio message. The invention is used for audio applications which directly write to a particular hardware register of a particular audio card to communicate with an audio card which operates according to completely different principles. The translating program intercepts the audio message written in the first format including a first plurality of audio parameters, compares the audio parameters to those corresponding to a table of audio voices and selects the audio voice which corresponds to a match of the audio parameters in the audio message. If there is no exact match in the table, a variety of techniques are provided to calculate the closest or at least an acceptable audio voice for the original audio message. In one preferred embodiment, the audio parameters are a plurality of FM synthesis parameters and the audio voices are a set of generalized MIDI voices.

Claims

1. A method for using I/O instructions from an audio application resident in a memory of a computer system intended for registers of a first type of audio card to interact with a second type of audio card, comprising the steps of:

intercepting a first I/O instruction from the audio application;

determining by table lookup an audio voice which corresponds to data in the first I/O instruction; and

transmitting audio data corresponding to the audio voice to the second type of audio card coupled to the computer system and a second I/O instruction to the audio application expected in response to the first I/O instruction.

2. The method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises the steps of:

responsive to an absence of a corresponding audio voice, calculating a weighted average of the data in the first I/O instruction and selecting an audio voice as a closest match having a value closest to the weighted average; and

,

transmitting audio data corresponding to the audio voice which is the closest match to the second type of audio card coupled to the computer system and an expected I/O instruction to the audio application.

3. The method as recited in claim 2 which further comprises the steps of:

determining whether a value of a first audio parameter corresponding to each audio voice matches a value of the first audio parameter in the first I/O instruction where there is a single value for the first audio parameter for each audio voice; and

,

discarding any audio voice as a contender for the closest match whose first audio parameter value does not match the first audio parameter value of the first I/O instruction where there is a single value for the first audio parameter for each audio voice.

4. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein the data in the first I/O instruction is a plurality of values for a set of parameters and each audio voice corresponds to a plurality of values for the set of parameters, and the method further comprises the steps of:

determining a difference between a first audio parameter in the first I/O instruction and the value for the first audio parameter corresponding to the audio voice which is the closest match; and

,

altering the audio data according to the difference.

5. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein the data in the first I/0 instruction is a plurality of values for a set of parameters and each audio voice corresponds to a plurality of values for the set of parameters and the method further comprises the step of:

if a weighted average of the values of the set of parameters for the closest match exceeds a predetermined difference from the weighted average of

the first I/O instruction, selecting the audio voice whose value for a first audio parameter matches the value of the first parameter in the first I/O instruction.

6. The method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises the steps of:

determining which register of the first type of audio card the I/O instruction was intended; and

sending the I/O instruction to a transformation module which corresponds to the register.

7. The method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises the steps of:

finding a requested sample rate in the first I/O instruction; and

in the absence of the requested sample rate in the second type of audio card, sending the closest available rate in the audio data.

8. The method as recited in claim 1 which further comprises the steps of:

maintaining the audio application in a virtual machine in an operating system; and

,

wherein intercepting the I/O instruction from the audio application is accomplished with a virtual device driver.

9. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the data in the first I/O instruction comprise a plurality of FM synthesis parameters.

10. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein I/O instructions from a second audio application resident in the memory of the computer system intended for a third type of audio card are used to interact with the second type of audio card concurrently with I/O instructions from the first audio application.

11. A system for using I/O instructions from an audio application to a second format intended for registers of a first type of audio card to interact with a second type of audio card, comprising:

a memory for storing sets of instructions for performing computer functions, the sets of instructions including the audio application and a translating program;

a processor coupled to the memory for carrying out the sets of instructions;

an audio card coupled to the processor for performing audio functions according to an I/O instruction from the audio application;

the translating program comprising;

means for intercepting a first I/O instruction written in the first format including a first plurality of audio parameters from the audio application;

means for determining an audio voice which corresponds to data in the first I/O instruction;

means for transmitting audio data corresponding to the audio voice to the second type of audio card coupled to the computer system and a second I/O instruction to the audio application expected in response to the first I/O instruction the means being activated when the translating program is resident in memory and activated by the processor.

12. The system as recited in claim 11 further comprising:

means responsive to an absence of a corresponding audio voice for calculating a weighted average of the data in the first I/O instruction and selecting an audio voice as a closest match having a value closest to the weighted average; and

,

means for transmitting audio data corresponding to the audio voice which is the closest match to the second type of audio card coupled to the computer system and an expected I/O instruction to the audio application.

13. The system as recited in claim 12 further comprising:

means for determining whether a value of a first audio parameter in each selected set corresponding to each audio voice matches a value of the first audio parameter in the first I/O instruction where there is a single value for the first audio parameter for each audio voice; and

,

means for discarding any audio voice as a contender for the closest match whose first audio parameter value does not match the first audio parameter value of the first plurality of audio parameters I/O instruction.

14. The system as recited in claim 12 wherein the data in the first I/O instruction is a plurality of values for a set of parameters and each audio voice corresponds to a plurality of values for the set of parameters, and the method wherein the translating program further comprises:

means for determining a difference between a first audio parameter in the first plurality I/O instruction and the value for the first audio parameter in the closest set corresponding to the audio voice which is the closest match; and

,

means for altering the audio data according to the difference.

15. The system as recited in claim 12 wherein the data in the first I/O instruction is a plurality of values for a set of parameters and each audio voice corresponds to a plurality of values for the set of parameters and the method wherein the translating program further comprises:

means responsive to a weighted average of the values of the set of parameters exceeding a predetermined difference from the weighted average of the first I/O instruction for the closest match for selecting the audio voice whose value for a first audio parameter matches the value of the first parameter in the first plurality.

16. The system as recited in claim 11 which further comprises:

a virtual machine in an operating system in which to maintain the audio application; and

,

the translating program is a virtual device drive.

17. The system as recited in claim 11 wherein the audio parameters are data in the first I/O instruction comprise a plurality of FM synthesis parameters and the audio voices are a set of generalized MIDI voices.

18. A system for using I/O instructions from an audio application intended for registers of a first type of audio card to interact with a second type of audio card, for use in a data processing system having a memory and a processor comprising:

an audio card of the second type for performing audio functions according to an I/O instruction from the audio application;

a translating program on a storage device comprising;

means for intercepting a first I/O instruction from the audio application;

means for determining an audio voice which corresponds to data in the first I/O instruction; and

,

means for transmitting audio data corresponding to the audio voice to the second type of audio card coupled to the computer system and a second I/O instruction to the audio application expected in response to the first I/O instruction, the means being activated when the storage device is connected to and accessed by the data processing system.

19. A storage device for using I/O instructions from an audio application intended for registers of a first type of audio card to interact with a second type of audio card, for use in a data processing system having a memory and a processor comprising:

means for intercepting a first I/O instruction from the audio application;

means for determining by table lookup an audio voice which corresponds to data in the first I/O instruction; and

,

means for transmitting audio data corresponding to the audio voice to the second type of audio card, coupled to the computer system and a second I/O instruction to the audio application expected in response to the first I/O instruction, the means being activated when the storage device is connected to and accessed by the data processing system.

20. The device as recited in claim 19 which further comprises:

means responsive to an absence of a corresponding audio voice of calculating a first output value of a function using the data in the first I/O instruction as inputs and selecting an audio voice as a closest match having a value closest to the first output value; and

,

means for transmitting audio data corresponding to the audio voice which is the closest match to the second type of audio card coupled to the computer system and an expected I/O instruction to the audio application.

21. The device as recited in claim 20 which further comprises:

means for determining whether a value of a first audio parameter corresponding to each audio voice matches a value of the first audio parameter in the first I/O instruction where there is a single value for the first audio parameter for each audio voice; and

,

means for discarding any audio voice as a contender for the closest match whose first audio parameter value does not match the first audio parameter value of the first I/O instruction.

22. The device as recited in claim 20 wherein the data in the first I/O instruction is a plurality of values for a set of parameters and each audio voice corresponds to a plurality of values for the set of parameters, and the method further comprises:

means for determining a difference between the value for a first audio parameter in the first I/O instruction and the value for the first audio parameter corresponding to the audio voice which is the closest match; and

,

means for altering the audio data according to the difference.

23. The device as recited in claim 20 wherein the data in the first I/O instruction is a plurality of values for a set of parameters and each audio voice corresponds to a plurality of values for the set of parameters and the method further comprises:

means responsive to the determination that a weighted average of the values of the set of parameters exceeds a predetermined difference from the first I/O instruction for the closest match for selecting the audio voice whose value for a first audio parameter matches the value of the first parameter in the first I/O instruction.

24. The device as recited in claim 19 wherein the data in the first I/O instruction comprise a plurality of FM synthesis parameters and the audio voices are a set of generalized MIDI voices.