Method and apparatus for multiple output regulation in a step-down switching regulator

• US 5,532,577 A
• Filed: 04/01/1994
• Issued: 07/02/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Doluca, Tunc
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US08/222,461
• Time in Patent Office: 823 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/267, 323/266, 323/282, 323/284, 323/285, 323/290, 323/351
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/32 using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/009 having two or more independently controlled outputs for DC-DC converter with intermediate AC H02M3/33561
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33561 having more than one ouput with independent control

Abstract

A step-down switching regulator of the present invention includes (1) a magnetic storage device having at least one primary output and one secondary output, (2) a current sensing device for detecting current through a primary winding of the magnetic storage device, (3) a first switch, (4) a second switch, (5) a first comparator for detecting whether the current through the primary winding is greater than a limit value, (6) a second comparator for detecting loss of regulation in the secondary output, and (7) a switch logic circuitry for allowing only one of the first switch or the second switch to turn on at a time. When the primary output is out of regulation, the first switch turns on to deliver power to the primary output. When the secondary output is out of regulation, one of two methods can be used to supply power to the secondary output. A first method turns on the first switch for a short time, and then the second switch turns on to deliver power to the secondary output. A second method turns on the second switch without first turning on the first switch. In either methods, the second switch can be turned off at the end of a pre-determined time period, at the end of a clock cycle, when the current through the primary winding exceeds a pre-determined limit value, or when the current through the primary winding is substantially zero.

Claims

1. A switching regulator comprising:

a magnetic storage device having at least a first output and a second output;

a current sensing device for detecting a current through a primary winding of said magnetic storage device, said current sensing device coupled to said primary winding and to a control circuitry;

a first switching device for connecting an input side of said primary winding to a first input voltage, said first switching device coupled to said input side of said primary winding, to said control circuitry and to said first input voltage, said first switching device controlled by said control circuitry;

a second switching device for connecting an input side of said primary winding to a second input voltage, said second switching device coupled to said input side of said primary winding, to said control circuitry and to said second input voltage, said second switching device controlled by said control circuitry;

said first output of said magnetic storage device coupled to said primary winding and to said control circuitry;

said second output of said magnetic storage device coupled to said control circuitry; and

said control circuitry comprising;

a first comparator for detecting whether said current through said primary winding is greater than a limit value, said first comparator coupled to said current sensing device, to said limit value, and to said second switching device;

a second comparator for detecting loss of regulation in said second output, said second comparator coupled to said second output and to said second switching device;

a switch logic circuitry for allowing only one of said first switching device and said second switching device to turn on at a time, said switch logic circuitry coupled to said second comparator, to said first comparator, to said first switching device and to said second switching device.

2. The switching regulator according to claim 1 wherein said magnetic storage device is a transformer, said first output of said magnetic storage device is a primary output, and said second output of said magnetic storage device is a secondary output

wherein said secondary output produces one of a positive output voltage and a negative output voltage.

3. The switching regulator according to claim 2 wherein when said primary output contains no load, said secondary output is regulated and power is delivered to said secondary output.

4. The switching regulator according to claim 1 further including a main PWM controller for detecting whether said first output is out of regulation, for turning on said first switching device when said first output is out of regulation and for issuing a VOUT IN REGUL signal.

5. The switching regulator according to claim 1 wherein if said first output is in regulation and if said second output is out of regulation, then said control circuitry turns on said second switching device and delivers power to said second output.

6. The switching regulator according to claim 5 wherein said second switching device stays on for a pre-determined time.

7. The switching regulator according to claim 5 wherein said second switching device turns off when said current through said primary winding is greater than said limit value.

8. The switching regulator according to claim 1 wherein said limit value is one of zero and a pre-determined limiting value;

wherein a positive input side of said first comparator is coupled to zero if said second output is in regulation;

wherein said positive input side of said first comparator is coupled to said pre-determined limiting value if said second output is out of regulation.

9. The switching regulator according to claim 8 wherein when said positive input side of said first comparator is coupled to said pre-determined limiting value, said second switching device stays even when said current through said primary winding becomes substantially zero, and said second switching device stays on until a cycle ends to deliver extra power to said second output.

10. The switching regulator according to claim 1 wherein said current sensing device includes a resistor.

11. The switching regulator according to claim 1 wherein when said current through said primary winding is substantially zero, said second switching device is turned off to improve light load efficiency.

12. The switching regulator according to claim 1 further including:

a third output and a fourth output, each coupled to said magnetic storage device; and

said control circuitry further comprising;

a third comparator for detecting loss of regulation in said third output, said third comparator coupled to said third output;

a fourth comparator for detecting loss of regulation in said fourth output, said fourth comparator coupled to said fourth output;

a first AND gate having a plurality of inputs, said plurality of inputs of said first AND gate coupled to said second comparator, to said third comparator and to said fourth comparator.

13. The switching regulator according to claim 1 further comprising:

a rectifier coupled to said magnetic storage device and to said second output; and

said control circuitry further comprising;

a main PWM controller for detecting whether said first output is in regulation, for issuing HIGH for a VOUT IN REGUL signal if said first output is in regulation and LOW for said VOUT IN REGUL signal if said first output is out of regulation, and turning on said first switching device if said first output is out of regulation, said main PWM controller coupled to said switch logic circuitry and to said first output;

a first AND gate for determining if said VOUT IN REGUL signal is HIGH and if a VDD IN REGUL signal issued by said second comparator is LOW, said first AND gate coupled to said main PWM controller and said second comparator;

a first flip-flop for storing an output from said first AND gate and for resetting said first flip-flop if said first comparator outputs a LOW, said first flip-flop coupled to said first AND gate and a first oscillator;

a first NAND gate, said first NAND gate coupled to said first flip-flop, said first oscillator, a second oscillator and said switch logic circuitry;

a second flip-flop for storing an inverse of said VDD IN REGUL signal, said second flip-flop coupled to said VDD IN REGUL signal and to a positive input side of said first comparator; and

said switch logic circuitry including;

an inverter coupled to said main PWM controller, to a second AND gate, and to said first switching device;

a second NAND gate having a first input, a second input and a third output, said first input coupled to said main PWM controller and to said inverter;

a third NAND gate having a third input, a fourth input and a fourth output, said third input coupled to said third output, said fourth input coupled to said first comparator, and said fourth output coupled to said second input;

a fourth NAND gate having a fifth input, a sixth input and a fifth output, said fifth input coupled to said fourth output and said sixth input coupled to said first NAND gate;

a second AND gate having a seventh input, a eighth input and a sixth output, said seventh input coupled to said main PWM controller and to said inverter, said eighth input coupled to said fifth output, and said sixth output for controlling said second switching device.

14. The switching regulator according to claim 1 wherein said control circuitry further comprising:

a third comparator for detecting loss of regulation in said first output for turning on said first switching device if said first output is out of regulation, said third comparator coupled to said first output and to said first switching device.

15. The switching regulator according to claim 14 wherein when said first output is in regulation and when said second output is out of regulation, said first switching device turns on;

wherein after a single shot times out, said first switching device turns off;

wherein when said first switching device turns off, said second switching device turns on to deliver energy to said second output.

16. The switching regulator according to claim 14 further including:

a single shot device coupled to said second comparator, to said first switching device and to said second switching device;

wherein when said first output is in regulation and when said second output is out of regulation, said single shot device generates a LOW pulse to turn on said first switching device;

wherein after said single shot device stops generating said LOW pulse, said first switching device turns off;

wherein when said first switching device turns off, said second switching device turns on to deliver energy to said second output.

17. The switching regulator according to claim 14 further including:

a first AND gate for determining whether an output of said third comparator is HIGH and if an inverse of an output of said second comparator is HIGH, said first AND gate coupled to said third comparator and to said second comparator;

a first flip-flop for storing an output from said first AND gate, said first flip-flop coupled to said first AND gate;

a second flip-flop for storing an inverse of an output of said second comparator and for connecting a positive input side of said first comparator to one of a ground and a predetermined limiting value, said second flip-flop coupled to said second comparator and to said first comparator;

a single shot device coupled to said first flip-flop;

a second AND gate for ANDing said output of said third comparator and an output of said single shot device, said second AND gate coupled to said third comparator and to said single shot device;

a third flip-flop for resetting said third flip-flop when an output of said second AND gate is HIGH, said third flip-flop coupled to said second AND gate and to an oscillator;

a forth AND gate coupled to said third flip-flop, to said oscillator and to said first switching device;

an inverter for ensuring that said first switching device and said second switching device do not turn on at a same time, said inverter coupled to said first switching device;

a fourth flip-flop for storing an output of said first comparator, said fourth flip-flop coupled to said first comparator and said inverter;

a fifth AND gate coupled to said inverter, to said fourth flip-flop and to said second switching device.

18. In a switching regulator having a magnetic storage device including a first output and a second output, a first switching device coupled to a primary winding of said magnetic storage device, a second switch device coupled to said primary winding of said magnetic storage device, a control circuitry coupled to said first output, to said second output, to said first switching device and to said second switching device, a current sensing device measuring a current through said primary winding of said magnetic storage device, said current sensing device coupled to said primary winding and to said control circuitry, a method of regulating output voltages of said switching regulator comprising the steps of:

detecting a voltage of said first output being in regulation;

detecting a voltage of said second output being out of regulation by comparing the voltage of said second output to a first reference voltage;

turning on said first switching device;

turning off said first switching device;

turning on said second switching device;

turning off said second switching device when one of a first event, a second event, a third event and a fourth event occurs;

wherein said first event is said current becoming substantially zero;

wherein said second event is said current exceeding a pre-determined limit value;

wherein said third event is an end of a clock cycle;

wherein said fourth event is an end of a pre-determined time period.

19. In a switching regulator having a magnetic storage device including a first output and a second output, a first switching device coupled to a primary winding of said magnetic storage device, a second switching device coupled to said primary winding of said magnetic storage device, a control circuitry coupled to said first output, to said second output, to said first switching device and to said second switching device, a current sensing device for sensing a current through said primary winding of said magnetic storage device, said current sensing device coupled to said primary winding and to said control circuitry, a method of regulating output voltages of said switching regulator comprising the steps of:

detecting a voltage of said first output being in regulation;

detecting a voltage of said second output being out of regulation by comparing the voltage of said second output to a first reference voltage;

turning on said second switching device;

turning off said second switching device when one of a first event, a second event, a third event and a fourth event occurs;

wherein said first event is said current becoming substantially zero;

wherein said second event is said current exceeding a pre-determined limit value;

wherein said third event is an end of a clock cycle;

wherein said fourth event is an end of a pre-determined time period.

20. The method according to claim 19 wherein when said first output is coupled to a light load, said secondary output is regulated and power is delivered to said secondary output.

21. The method according to claim 19 wherein the step of detecting the voltage of said first output being in regulation includes

turning on said first switching device if said first output is out of regulation;

and

turning off said first switching device when said first output voltage is in regulation.

22. The method according to claim 19 wherein the step of turning off said second switching device when said first event occurs requires an input side of a comparator to be connected to a ground, said comparator coupled to said current sensing device and to said second switching device;

wherein the step of turning off said second switching device when said second event occurs requires said input side of a comparator to be connected to said pre-determined limit value, said comparator coupled to said current sensing device and to said second switching device.

23. The method according to claim 19 wherein said first switching device and said second switching device are synchronous so that only one of said first switching device and said second switching device is turned at a time.

24. A method of regulating a switching regulator comprising the steps of:

changing a current in a first direction through a primary winding of a magnetic storage device until a first output coupled to said primary winding is in regulation;

changing said current in a second direction through said primary winding of said magnetic storage device to supply power to a second output coupled to said magnetic storage device until one of a first event, a second event, a third event and a fourth event occurs;

wherein said first event is said current becoming substantially zero;

wherein said second event is said current exceeding a pre-determined limit value;

wherein said third event is an end of a clock cycle;

wherein said fourth event is an end of a pre-determined time period.

25. A method of operating a switching regulator having a transformer with a primary and at least one secondary winding and having a first regulator output coupled to one end of the primary winding and a second regulator output coupled to the secondary winding, a second end of the primary winding being coupled to switches for controllably coupling the second end of the primary winding to a first supply voltage and to a second supply voltage, comprising the steps of:

controlling the switches to provide currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the first regulator output above a first predetermined voltage; and

, controlling the switches to provide time rates of change of currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the second regulator output above a second predetermined voltage.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the transformer is further comprised of a second secondary winding for providing a third regulator output, and the method further comprises the step of controlling the switches to provide time rates of change of currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the third regulator output above a third predetermined voltage.

27. A switching regulator having a transformer with a primary and at least one secondary winding and having a first regulator output coupled to one end of the primary winding and a second regulator output coupled to the secondary winding, a second end of the primary winding being coupled to switches for controllably coupling the second end of the primary winding to a first supply voltage and to a second supply voltage, comprising:

a controller for;

controlling the switches to provide currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the first regulator output above a first predetermined voltage; and

,

controlling the switches to provide time rates of change of currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the second regulator output above a second predetermined voltage.

28. The switching regulator of claim 27 wherein the transformer is further comprised of a second secondary winding for providing a third regulator output, and the controller is further for controlling the switches to provide time rates of change of currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the third regulator output above a third predetermined voltage.

29. A controller for a switching regulator having a transformer with a primary and at least one secondary winding and having a first regulator output coupled to one end of the primary winding and a second regulator output coupled to the secondary winding, a second end of the primary winding being coupled to switches for controllably coupling the second end of the primary winding to a first supply voltage and to a second supply voltage, the controller comprising:

circuitry for controlling the switches to provide currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the first regulator output above a first predetermined voltage; and

, for controlling the switches to provide time rates of change of currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the second regulator output above a second predetermined voltage.

30. The controller of claim 29 for a switching regulator wherein the transformer is further has a second secondary winding for providing a third regulator output, where in the controller circuitry is also for controlling the switches to provide time rates of change of currents through the primary of the transformer to maintain the third regulator output above a third predetermined voltage.