Control system for electric drive riding mower

• US 5,540,037 A
• Filed: 04/07/1995
• Issued: 07/30/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Textron Innovations Incorporated (Textron Inc)
• Original Assignee: Ransomes America Corporation (Textron Inc)
• Inventors: Merchant, David E., Lamb, Mark E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Martin, David S.
• Application Number:
  US08/418,936
• Time in Patent Office: 480 Days
• Field of Search: 56/7, 56/11.9, 56/14.7, 56/15.5, 56/15.9, 56/DIG. 22, 180/65.1, 180/65.6, 318/139
• US Class Current: 56/7
• CPC Class Codes: A01D 34/44 with two or more cutters
• CPC Class Codes: A01D 34/58 electric
• CPC Class Codes: A01D 69/02 electric
• CPC Class Codes: A01D 75/30 Arrangements for trailing two or more mowers

Abstract

An electric drive riding greens mower, with a frame supported plurality of ground engaging wheels, supports a battery power source, an operator station and a plurality of reel lawn mowers. An electric motor provides the driving torque for moving the mower over surfaces to be mowed. Individual electric motors provide driving torque for each of the reel lawn mowers. Electrically driven linear actuators move the reel lawn mowers between a lowered operating position in which the reel lawn mowers engage the turf being mowed and a raised non-operating or transport position. An operator oriented controls layout, which includes an operator communication panel, is provided on the mower. All electric operation provides emissionless extremely quiet operation. The mower includes an electric control system having a battery power source providing a plurality of output voltages to drive the various electric components. The control system provides a first voltage to power control circuits, a second, higher voltage to power smaller motors, and a third highest voltage to power the drive motors and reel mower motors.

Claims

1. A gang mower comprising:

a frame supported on ground engaging wheels;

a plurality of reel-type lawn mowers, each supported from the frame and driven by an electric reel motor;

at least one electric drive motor to provide driving torque to at least one of the ground engaging wheels;

a plurality of electrically-powered lift mechanisms, each one having an electrical motor and each one being associated with a reel mower for moving the reel mower between a raised non-operative position and a lowered operative position in which the reel-type lawn mower engages the ground and is ready to cut grass on a lawn therebelow;

a battery power source for supplying electrical energy to each of the electric reel motors, the electric drive motor, and the electric lift motors, with the battery power source supplying at least a first control voltage and second control voltage higher than the first control voltage; and

a control circuit, powered by the battery power source and having a plurality of switchable electrical devices, for selectively enabling operation of the gang mower, the control circuit being arranged to require that the first control voltage be present before further operation of the gang mower is enabled, and before the second control voltage is supplied to further portions of the control circuit through at least one of the switchable electrical device.

2. The gang mower of claim 1 wherein:

the control circuit provides the first control voltage to at least one operator-activated input device and to at least one control device electrically connected to and controlled at least in part by the input device;

the control circuit provides the second control voltage to at least one of the electrically-powered lift mechanisms; and

the control circuit provides a third voltage to the electric reel motors and the electric drive motor.

3. The gang mower of claim 2 wherein the first voltage is less than the second voltage, and the second voltage is less than the third voltage.

4. The gang mower of claim 2 wherein the control circuit further comprises an operator adjustable control device for producing a variable electrical signal used to vary the third voltage applied to the electric drive motor between about zero volts and the third voltage.

5. The gang mower of claim 3, wherein the control circuit includes:

a first control circuit section for selectively enabling operation of the remainder of control circuit, the first control circuit section being powered by the first voltage;

a second control circuit section for selectively operating individual ones of the electric motors associated with the electrically-powered lift mechanisms, the second control circuit being powered at least in part by the second voltage;

a third control circuit section for selectively operating the electric drive motor, the third control circuit section being powered at least in part by the third voltage; and

a fourth control circuit section for selectively operating the electric reel motors, the fourth control circuit section being powered at least in part by the third voltage.

6. The gang mower of claim 5 wherein the second control circuit section selectively delays activation and deactivation of at least one selected individual reel mower in relation to the activation and deactivation of at least two other ones of the reel mowers.

7. The gang mower of claim 5, wherein the control circuit is arranged to operate so that:

the second control voltage is not applied to a main portion of the second control circuit section if the first control circuit section is not energized and operational; and

the third control voltage is not applied to the third and fourth control circuit section if the second control circuit section is not energized and operational.

8. The gang mower of claim 3 wherein:

the first control voltage is generally about 12 volts;

the second control voltage is generally at least about 24 volts; and

the third control voltage is generally at least about 48 volts.

9. The gang mower of claim 1 wherein:

the battery source includes at least four interconnected battery sections arranged in series; and

the control circuit is arranged and interconnected to the battery source at different sections thereof to obtain the first and second control voltages and to provide a more balanced use of electrical energy drawn from different sections of the battery power source.

10. The gang mower of claim 2 wherein:

the first control voltage is generally no more than about 12 volts;

the second control voltage is generally at least about 24 volts; and

the third voltage is generally at least about 48 volts.

11. The gang mower of claim 2 wherein the electric drive motor provides driving torque directly to an axle structure for normally driving a plurality of the ground engaging wheels.

12. The gang mower of claim 1 further comprising:

an operator control panel, located in a first area of the gang mower and having operator controls for selectively activating predetermined functions of the gang mower; and

a second control panel, located in a second area of the gang mower distinct from the operator control panel and apart from the first area, having operator controls for selectively activating other predetermined functions of the gang mower.

13. A gang mower, comprising:

a frame structure supported on ground engaging wheels;

a plurality of reel-type lawn mowers, each supported from the frame structure and individually driven by an electric reel motor, each reel motor positioned on and supported by its respective reel-type mower;

at least one electric drive motor to provide driving torque to at least one of the ground engaging wheels;

a plurality of electrically-powered lift mechanisms, each one having an electrical motor and each one being associated with a reel mower for moving the reel mowers between a raised non-operative position and a lowered operative position in which the reel-type lawn mowers engage the ground and are ready to cut grass on a lawn therebelow;

a battery power source for supplying electrical energy to the electric reel motors, the electric drive motor, and the electric motors of the lift mechanisms, the battery power source being arranged to provide a plurality of output voltages, with the battery power source supplying the electric reel motors generally with at least about 48 volts, the electric drive motor generally with at least about 48 volts, and the electric motors of the lift mechanisms generally with at least about 24 volts; and

a control system, including an electrical circuit and powered by the battery power source, for selectively enabling operation of the gang mower, the control system including switching devices for selectively turning on and off electrical energy supplied to the electric reel motors and to the electrical motors of the reel lift mechanisms.

14. The gang mower of claim 13, wherein:

the control system further comprises an operator adjustable control device producing a variable electrical signal for varying the voltage applied to the electric drive motor between about zero volts and at least about 48 volts; and

wherein the control system supplies a first control voltage required to enable operation of the gang mower and supplies at least a second control voltage which if not present will inhibit operation of the gang mower.

15. The gang mower of claim 13, wherein the control system includes:

a first control circuit section for selectively enabling the remainder of control circuit, the first control circuit section being electrically powered at no more than about 12 volts;

a second control circuit section for operating individual ones of the electric lift mechanisms, the second control circuit being electrically powered at no less than about 24 volts;

a third control circuit section for selectively operating the electric drive motor, the third control circuit section being powered at no less than about 48 volts; and

a fourth control circuit section for selectively operating the electric reel motors, the fourth control circuit being electrically powered at no less than about 48 volts.

16. The gang mower of claim 15 wherein the second control circuit section selectively delays activation and deactivation of a grass cutting operation of at least one selected individual reel mower in relation to the activation and deactivation of grass cutting operations of at least two of the remaining reel mowers.

17. The gang mower of claim 15, wherein the control system is arranged and operates so that:

electrical power at no less than about 24 volts is not applied to at least a main portion of the second control circuit section if the first control circuit section is not electrically energized; and

electrical power at no less than about 48 volts is not applied to the third and fourth control circuit sections if the main portion of the second control circuit section is not electrically energized.

18. The gang mower of claim 13 wherein:

the battery source includes at least four interconnected battery sections arranged in series relative to one another; and

the electrical circuit is arranged and interconnected to the battery source at different sections thereof to obtain the plurality of output voltages in a manner which tends to promote a balanced use of electrical energy from the battery source.

19. The gang mower of claim 13 wherein the battery source comprises a series battery arrangement having multiple electrical voltage taps for providing the plurality of output voltages, which taps are arranged and interconnected with the electric circuit of the control system so as to provide a generally balanced use of battery energy by drawing electrical energy from different sections of the battery power source.

20. The gang mower of claim 13, further comprising:

a common transaxle structure connected to the frame structure and to at least two of the ground engaging wheels; and

wherein the electric drive motor provides driving torque through the common transaxle structure to the two ground engaging wheels connected thereto when the gang mower is driven under power from the electric drive motor along a straight path.

21. The gang mower of claim 13, further comprising:

a first operator control panel arrangement having hand-actuated operator controls for selectively activating predetermined functions of the gang mower; and

a second operator control panel arrangement distinct from the first operator control panel having foot-actuated operator controls for selectively activating at least a plurality of other predetermined functions of the gang mower.

22. A gang mower, driven over the ground by motive force produced by an electric motor and including a support structure for carrying an operator on the mower, the gang mower comprising:

a frame structure supported upon a plurality of ground engaging wheels;

a battery power source;

a plurality of reel-type lawn mowers supported from the frame structure;

a plurality of electric reel drive motors each associated with a corresponding reel-type mower, each such electric reel drive motor receiving electrical power from the battery power source and driving an associated reel-type mower;

a plurality of electrically-powered lift mechanisms, each associated with a corresponding reel-type mower, for moving the associated reel-type mower between a raised non-operative position and a lowered operative position in which the reel-type lawn mowers engage the ground; and

a prime mover comprising an electric motor supplied with electrical energy from the battery power source and adapted to provide driving torque to a plurality of the ground engaging wheels to operate the mower at varying speeds.

23. The gang mower of claim 22 wherein:

each electric reel drive mower is independently actuatable separately from the plurality of electric reel drive mowers to effect independent cutting paths in accordance with the particular electric reel drive mower actuated;

each electrically-powered lift mechanism is independently actuatable separately from the plurality of electric reel drive mowers to effect independent raising and lowering of its associated reel mower from the other reel mowers;

the plurality of reel-type lawn mowers operate at a substantially constant predetermined speed regardless of vehicle speed; and

the support structure for carrying an operator includes a seat mounted forward of at least a major portion of the battery power source.

24. The gang mower of claim 22 further comprises a control system arranged such that each one of the plurality of reel mowers is lowered by actuating its associated electrically-powered lift mechanism upon the initiation of a mow operation for that particular one of the plurality of reel mowers.

25. The gang mower of claim 24 wherein the control system is further operable to selectively provide time delayed activation and deactivation of at least one of the reel-type lawn mowers in relation to the activation and deactivation of at least two of the remaining reel-type lawn mowers.

26. The gang mower of claim 22 wherein the control system is further arranged such that the electrically-powered lift mechanisms automatically lower their respective reel mowers upon receipt of commands to activate their respective reel mowers.

27. The gang mower of claim 26 wherein the control system is further arranged such that the electrically-powered lift mechanisms automatically raise the reel mowers upon deactivation of the reel mowers.

28. The gang mower of claim 22 wherein the control system is arranged such that each of the plurality of reel mowers:

is individually enabled and disabled in accordance with a first operator-activated switch means; and

the powered lift mechanisms are selectively operable to raise or lower their associated reel mowers in accordance with a second operator-activated switch means.

29. The gang mower of claim 22 wherein:

the battery source includes at least four individual batteries distributed about the frame of the gang mower in a configuration which is adapted to make the gang mower be substantially balanced about the longitudinal centerline of the gang mower;

the operator support structure includes a seat for the operator; and

at least a majority of the batteries of the battery power source are located substantially rearward of the seat.

30. An electrically-powered gang mower comprising:

a frame supported upon a plurality of ground engaging wheels;

a battery power source supported by the frame;

a plurality of reel-type lawn mowers supported from the frame;

a plurality of electric reel drive motors each associated with a corresponding reel-type mower, each electric reel drive mower receiving electrical power from the battery power source and driving an associated reel-type mower;

a plurality of electrically-powered lift mechanisms, each associated with a corresponding reel-type mower, for moving the associated reel mower between a raised non-operative position and a lowered operative position in which the reel-type lawn mowers engage the ground;

a power transfer apparatus located substantially between and in mechanical communication with two of the ground engaging wheels to normally provide driving torque to these two ground engaging wheels; and

a prime mover disposed in proximity to the power transfer apparatus and including an electric motor supplied with electrical energy from the battery power source and adapted to provide driving torque to the power transfer apparatus, whereby the mower may be propelled over the ground by the prime mover at varying speeds.

31. The gang mower of claim 30 wherein the combination of the prime mover and, the power transfer apparatus is disposed in an arrangement about a longitudinal centerline of the gang mower to assist in balancing the gang mower about such centerline.

32. The gang mower of claim 30 wherein the power transfer apparatus includes a gear reduction assembly, and the prime mover engages the gear reduction assembly to provide driving torque to the driven wheels.

33. The gang mower of claim 32 wherein the prime mover and the power transfer apparatus are disposed in combination substantially evenly about a longitudinal centerline of the gang mower to assist in balancing the gang mower about such longitudinal centerline.

34. The gang mower of claim 30 wherein at least a third one of the plurality of reel-type lawn mowers is disposed generally near a lateral centerline of the gang mower, and the battery power source is located generally aftward of the third one of the plurality of reel-type lawn mowers, thereby helping to balance the overall weight of the gang mower substantially evenly amongst the ground engaging wheels.

35. The gang mower of claim 34 wherein a first one and a second one of the plurality of reel-type lawn mowers are located generally forward of a first pair of the ground engaging wheels, and the prime mover is located between the first and second reel-type lawn mowers and the third one of the reel-type lawn mowers.

36. The gang mower of claim 34 wherein at least a first one of the plurality of reel-type lawn mowers are located generally forward of a pair of the ground engaging wheels, and the power transfer apparatus and prime mover are located between the first one of the reel-type lawn mower and at least a second one of the reel-type lawn mowers located generally near a lateral centerline of the gang mower.

37. The gang mower of claim 30 wherein the battery power source is generally centered about a rear portion of the gang mower, thereby helping to provide a substantially balanced weight distribution of the gang mower amongst the ground engaging wheels.

38. The gang mower of claim 30 wherein:

at least one of the ground engaging wheels is located generally rearwardly on the gang mower;

a pair of the ground engaging wheels is located generally forwardly on the gang mower; and

the battery power source is disposed substantially between the rearward and forward ground engaging wheels, and generally has its center of gravity located closer to the rearward wheel than to the pair of forward ground engaging wheels.

39. The gang mower of claim 30, further comprising:

an operator support structure connected to the frame, the operator support structure including a seat for the operator located forward of at least one rearward ground engaging wheel, and located generally behind a forward pair of ground engaging wheels; and

wherein

the battery power source includes at least four individual batteries distributed about the gang mower in a manner which helps make the gang mower be substantially balanced about the longitudinal centerline of the gang mower, with at least a majority of the batteries of the battery power source being located substantially rearward of the seat, and wherein

at least a majority of the batteries of the battery power source are disposed generally at an elevation which is higher than the at least one rearward ground engaging wheel.