Method and apparatus for synchronized treatment of obstructive sleep apnea

• US 5,549,655 A
• Filed: 09/21/1994
• Issued: 08/27/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 09/21/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Erickson, Donald J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Application Number:
  US08/309,821
• Time in Patent Office: 706 Days
• Field of Search: 607/42, 607/46, 607/48, 128/716, 128/725
• US Class Current: 607/42
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7221 Determining signal validity, reliability or quality A61B5/7207 and A61B5/7217 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3601 of respiratory organs

Abstract

A method and device is provided for stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction in which stimulation is synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle. A respiratory effort waveform of the patient is monitored for a changes in slope and amplitude of the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of the inspiratory phase. Stimulation is then commenced and concluded according to the detected inspiratory phase.

Claims

1. A method for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change in slope of the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point and for a predetermined amplitude characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) detecting an inspiratory turn point according to the monitored first change in slope or amplitude in step (b); and

(d) commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the stimulation is commenced immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the stimulation is commenced in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point by the steps of determining an average duration for the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle;

identifying an inspiratory turn point; and

commencing stimulation at a time which coincides with a next inspiratory turn point.

4. A method for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for n change in slope of the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point and for a predetermined amplitude characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) detecting an inspiratory turn point according to the monitored first change in slope or amplitude in step (b); and

(d) commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point,

wherein the change in slope is determined by the steps of;

(1) determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(2) determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform; and

(3) comparing the current slope with the moving average slope.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of determining a moving average slope includes determining the moving average slope as a weighted average by placing greatest weight on the most recent slope values,

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the step of determining a weighted moving average slope includes determining an exponential weighted average.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein the current slope is provided by the steps of:

(a) sampling the respiratory waveform at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform; and

(b) determining a difference between a most recent amplitude value and a next most recent amplitude value.

8. The method of claim 4 wherein the change in slope characteristic of an inspiratory turn point is determined by a current slope that is in a range of about 1.5 to 5 times the moving average slope.

9. A method for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change in slope of the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point and for a predetermined amplitude characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) detecting an inspiratory turn point according to the monitored first change in slope or amplitude in step (b); and

(d) commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point,

wherein the predetermined amplitude characteristic of an inspiratory turn point is provided by the steps of;

(1) determining an average peak-to-valley amplitude for the waveform; and

(2) determining the predetermined amplitude as a function of the peak-to-valley amplitude.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the average peak-to-valley amplitude is determined by the steps of:

(a) sampling the sensed signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(b) determining highest and lowest amplitude values of the digitized waveform for a plurality of successive respiratory cycles;

(c) determining a difference between highest and lowest amplitude values for each respiratory cycle; and

(d) determining an average of the plurality of amplitude value differences.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of determining an average peak-to-valley amplitude for the waveform includes determining an exponentially weighted average.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of determining a predetermined amplitude characteristic of an inspiratory turn point is determined by the lowest amplitude value of the respiratory cycle plus an amount in a range of about 15% to 30% of the average peak-to-valley amplitude.

13. A method for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change in slope of the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point and for a predetermined amplitude characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) detecting an inspiratory turn point according to the monitored first change in slope or amplitude in step (b); and

(d) commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point,

wherein the stimulation is commenced during a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point by the steps of;

(1) determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(2) determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(3) determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point is commenced at a time determined by the step of taking the respiratory cycle time minus an amount of time in a range of about 50-1000 milliseconds following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

15. A method for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling the signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(c) determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(d) determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(e) comparing the current slope with the moving average slope to detect the inspiratory phase; and

(f) commencing and concluding stimulation of the upper airway muscle according to the detected inspiratory phase.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the moving average slope is determined by the steps of:

(a) determining a difference between an amplitude value for a sample interval and an immediately preceding sample interval;

(b) determining an average from a plurality of successive sample intervals; and

(c) redetermining an average at each sample interval.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the moving average slope is determined by the step of taking a weighted exponential average.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein the stimulation is commenced by detection of a current slope characteristic of an inspiratory turn point at and concluded by detection of a moving average slope characteristic of an inspiratory peak.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the current slope characteristic of an inspiratory turn point is determined by a slope that is in a range of about 1.5 to 5 times the moving average slope.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein the moving average slope characteristic of an inspiratory peak is determined by:

(a) identifying when the moving average slope first becomes negative;

(b) timing out a predetermined interval after the moving average slope becomes negative; and

(c) determining whether the moving average slope is negative as the predetermined interval is concluded.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined interval is determined by the step of computing a range of about 5% to 20% of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle time.

22. The method of claim 18 wherein the stimulation is commenced immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

23. The method of claim 18 wherein the stimulation is commenced in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the stimulation is commenced during the next respiratory cycle by the steps of:

(a) determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(c) determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

25. The method of claim 18 wherein the stimulation is concluded immediately upon detection of the inspiratory peak.

26. A method for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) commencing stimulation in response a detected inspiratory turn point;

(d) monitoring elapsed time since detection of the inspiratory turn point;

(e) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an inspiratory peak;

(f) concluding stimulation upon the earlier of (1) detection of the inspiratory peak or (2) elapse of a predetermined period of time,

wherein the step of monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for a change characteristic of an inspiratory turn point includes the steps of;

(1) determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(2) determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform; and

(3) comparing the current slope with the moving average slope.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the step of determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform includes the step of placing greatest weight on the most recent slope values.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the step of determining a weighted moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform includes the step of exponential weighting of the slope values.

29. The method of claim 26 wherein the current slope is provided by the steps of:

(a) sampling the respiratory effort waveform at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform; and

(b) determining a difference between a most recent amplitude and a next most recent amplitude of the respiratory effort waveform.

30. The method of claim 26 wherein the change in slope characteristic of an inspiratory turn point is determined by a current slope that is in a range of about 1.5 to 5 times the moving average slope.

31. A method for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) commencing stimulation in response a detected inspiratory turn point;

(d) monitoring elapsed time since detection of the inspiratory turn point;

(e) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an inspiratory peak;

(f) concluding stimulation upon the earlier of (1) detection of the inspiratory peak or (2) elapse of a predetermined period of time,

wherein the stimulation is commenced during a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point by the steps of;

(1) determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(2) determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(3) determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

32. A method for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) commencing stimulation in response a detected inspiratory turn point;

(d) monitoring elapsed time since detection of the inspiratory turn point;

(e) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an inspiratory peak;

(f) concluding stimulation upon the earlier of (1) detection of the inspiratory peak or (2) elapse of a predetermined period of time,

wherein the inspiratory peak is determined by;

(1) identifying when the moving average slope first becomes negative;

(2) timing out a predetermined interval; and

(3) determining whether the moving average slope is negative as the predetermined interval is concluded.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the predetermined interval is determined by the step of computing a range of about 5% to 20% of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle time.

34. A method for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change characteristic of an inspiratory point;

(c) commencing stimulation in response a detected inspiratory turn point;

(d) monitoring elapsed time since detection of the inspiratory turn point;

(e) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an inspiratory peak;

(f) concluding stimulation upon the earlier of (1) detection of the inspiratory peak or (2) elapse of a predetermined period of time,

wherein the predetermined period of time is in a range of about 1.5 to 3.5 seconds.

35. A method for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(c) detecting a change in the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(d) commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point;

(e) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an artifact not characteristic of normal respiratory activity; and

(f) suppressing stimulation upon detection of the artifact.

36. The method of claim 35 wherein the artifact is detected by the steps of:

(a) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for at least one parameter of the waveform characteristic of a body movement or a cough; and

(b) comparing at least one value for the parameter with a predetermined limit.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein the step of monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for at least one parameter of the waveform characteristic of a body movement or a cough includes selecting the parameter selected from the group consisting of inspiratory rise time, inspiratory time-to-peak, time of inspiratory onset to expiratory offset, inspiratory peak-to-peak time, expiratory peak-to-peak time and breath-to-breath time.

38. The method of claim 37 wherein the step of monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for at least one parameter of the waveform characteristic of a body movement or a cough includes selecting inspiratory rise time as the parameter with a value of the parameter of less than 220 milliseconds.

39. The method of claim 37 wherein the step of monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for at least one parameter of the waveform characteristic of a body movement or a cough includes selecting inspiratory time-to-peak as the parameter with a value of the parameter of less than 750 milliseconds.

40. The method of claim 37 wherein the step of monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for at least one parameter of the waveform characteristic of a body movement or a cough includes selecting time of inspiratory onset to expiratory offset as the parameter with a value of the parameter of less than 1000 milliseconds.

41. A method for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(c) detecting a change in the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(d) commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point;

(e) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an artifact not characteristic of normal respiratory activity;

(f) detecting an artifact in the waveform; and

(g) suppressing stimulation upon detection of the artifact,

wherein the inspiratory turn point is detected by the steps of;

(1) determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(2) determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform; and

(3) comparing the current slope with the moving average slope.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein the step of determining a moving average slope includes determining the moving average slope as a weighted average by placing greatest weight on the most recent slope values.

43. The method of claim 42 wherein the step of determining a weighted moving average slope includes determining an exponential weighted average.

44. The method of claim 41 wherein the current slope is determined by the steps of:

(a) sampling the respiratory effort waveform at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform; and

(b) determining a difference between a most recent amplitude and a next most recent amplitude of the respiratory effort waveform.

45. The method of claim 41 wherein the inspiratory turn point is detected by a current slope in a range of about 1.5 to 5 times the moving average slope.

46. A method for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling the signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(c) determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(d) determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(e) comparing the current slope with the moving average slope to determine an inspiratory turn point by a current slope that is in a range of about 1.5 to 5 times the moving average slope; and

(f) commencing stimulation of the upper airway muscle according to the detected inspiratory turn point.

47. The method of claim 46 wherein the moving average slope is determined by the steps of:

(a) determining a difference between an amplitude value for a sample interval and an immediately preceding sample interval;

(b) determining an average of differences for a plurality of successive sample intervals; and

(c) redetermining an average at each sample interval.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein the step of determining an average of differences for a plurality of successive sample intervals includes determining a weighted average weighted in favor of the most recent sample intervals.

49. The method of claim 46 wherein the stimulation is commenced immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

50. The method of claim 46 wherein the stimulation is commenced in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

51. The method of claim 50 wherein the stimulation is commenced during a next respiratory cycle by the steps of:

(a) determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(c) determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

52. The device of claim 50 wherein the means for commencing stimulation during a next respiratory cycle comprises:

(a) cycle time determining means for determining representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) turn point detection means for determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(c) means for determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

53. A method for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) providing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling the sensed signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(c) determining highest and lowest amplitude values of the digitized waveform for a plurality of successive respiratory cycles;

(d) determining a difference between highest and lowest amplitude values for each of the plurality of respiratory cycles;

(e) determining an average of the plurality of amplitude value differences;

(f) monitoring the respiratory effort waveform;

(g) determining an amplitude trigger value as a function of the average amplitude difference;

(h) detecting an inspiratory turn point by attainment of the amplitude trigger value in the monitored respiratory waveform; and

(i) commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point.

54. The method of claim 53 wherein the step of determining an average of the plurality of amplitude value differences includes determining an exponentially weighted average.

55. The method of claim 53 wherein the step of determining an amplitude trigger value as a function of the average amplitude difference includes the determination of the lowest amplitude for the current respiratory cycle plus an amount in a range of about 15% to 30% of the average amplitude difference.

56. The method of claim 53 wherein the stimulation is commenced immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

57. The method of claim 53 wherein the stimulation is commenced in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

58. The method of claim 57 wherein the stimulation is commenced during a next respiratory cycle by the steps of:

(a) determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(c) determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

59. The method of claim 56 wherein the stimulation is commenced at the respiratory cycle time minus an amount of time in a range of about 50-1000 milliseconds following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

60. A device for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, said device comprising:

(a) slope monitoring means for monitoring a respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change in slope of the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(b) amplitude monitoring means for monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for a predetermined amplitude characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) detecting means for detecting the first inspiratory turn point according to slope or amplitude criteria; and

(d) stimulation means for commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point.

61. The device of claim 60 wherein the slope monitoring means comprises:

(a) slope averaging means for determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(b) slope determining means for determining a current slope for the respiratory effort ,waveform; and

(c) comparison means for comparing the current slope with the moving average slope.

62. The device of claim 61 wherein the slope determining means comprises:

(a) sensing means for sensing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling means for sampling the sensed signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform; and

(c) difference means for determining a difference between a most recent amplitude value and a next most recent amplitude value.

63. The device of claim 61 wherein the detecting means for detecting the first inspiratory turn point according to slope or amplitude criteria includes means for determining that the current slope is in a range of about 1.5 to 5 times the moving average slope.

64. The device of claim 60 also comprising:

(a) amplitude determining means for determining an average peak-to-valley amplitude for the waveform; and

(b) criteria determining means for determining the predetermined amplitude criteria as a function of the average peak-to-valley amplitude.

65. The device of claim 64 wherein the amplitude determining means comprises:

(a) sensing means for sensing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling means for sampling the sensed signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(c) peak determining means for determining highest and lowest amplitude values of the digitized waveform for a plurality of successive respiratory cycles;

(d) difference means for determining a difference between highest and lowest amplitude values for each respiratory cycle; and

(e) averaging means for determining an average of the plurality of amplitude value differences.

66. The device of claim 60 wherein the stimulation means includes means for commencing stimulation immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

67. The device of claim 60 wherein the stimulation means includes stimulation delay means for commencing stimulation in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

68. The device of claim 67 wherein the stimulation delay means comprises:

(a) cycle time determining means for determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) turn point detecting means for determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(c) stimulation determining means for determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

69. A device for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle, comprising:

(a) sensing means for sensing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling means for sampling the signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(c) slope average determining means for determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(d) slope determining means for determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(e) comparison means for comparing the current slope with the moving average slope;

(f) phase detecting means for detecting the inspiratory phase according to the slope comparison; and

(g) stimulation means for commencing and concluding stimulation of the upper airway muscle according to the detected inspiratory phase.

70. The device of claim 69 wherein said slope average determining means comprises:

(a) amplitude difference means for determining a difference between an amplitude value for a sample interval and an immediately preceding sample interval;

(b) average determining means for determining an average difference from a plurality of successive sample intervals; and

(c) average redetermining means for redetermining an average at each sample interval.

71. The device of claim 69 wherein the phase detecting means comprises:

(a) turn point detecting means for determining an inspiratory turn point from the current slope; and

(b) peak determining means for determining an inspiratory peak from the moving average slope.

72. The device of claim 71 wherein the peak determining means comprises:

(a) first negative slope determining means for identifying when the moving average slope first becomes negative;

(b) timing means for timing out a predetermined interval after the moving average slope becomes negative; and

(c) second negative slope determining means for determining that the moving average slope is negative as the predetermined interval is concluded.

73. The device of claim 71 wherein the stimulation means includes means for commencing stimulation immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

74. The device of claim 71 wherein the stimulation means includes means for commencing stimulation in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

75. The device of claim 74 wherein the stimulation means comprises:

(a) cycle determining means for determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) turn point detection means for determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected; and

(c) stimulation determining means for determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

76. The device of claim 71 wherein the stimulation means includes means for concluding stimulation immediately upon detection of the inspiratory peak.

77. A device for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle comprising:

(a) turn point monitoring means for monitoring a respiratory effort waveform of the patient for a change characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(b) stimulation commencing means for commencing stimulation in response to a detected inspiratory turn point;

(c) time monitoring means for monitoring elapsed time since detection of the inspiratory turn point;

(d) peak monitoring means for monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an inspiratory peak;

(e) stimulation concluding means for concluding stimulation upon the earlier of (1) detection of the inspiratory peak or (2) elapse of a predetermined period of time.

78. The device of claim 77 wherein the turn point monitoring means comprises:

(a) average slope determining means for determining moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(b) slope determining means for determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform; and

(c) comparison means for comparing the current slope with the moving average slope.

79. The device of claim 78 wherein the means for determining a current slope comprises:

(a) sensing means for sensing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling means for sampling the sensed signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform; and

(c) difference means

for determining a difference between a most recent amplitude and a next most recent amplitude of the respiratory effort waveform.

80. The device of claim 77 wherein the stimulation commencing means includes means for commencing stimulation immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

81. The device of claim 77 wherein the stimulation commencing means includes means for commencing stimulation in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

82. The device of claim 81 wherein the means for commencing stimulation during a next respiratory cycle comprises:

(a) cycle time determining means for determining a representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) turn point detection means for determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(c) commencement determining means for determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.

83. The device of claim 77 wherein means for monitoring for the inspiratory peak comprises:

(a) negative slope determining means for identifying when a moving average slope for the waveform first becomes negative;

(b) timing means for timing out a predetermined interval; and

(c) means for determining that the moving average slope is negative as the predetermined interval is concluded.

84. A device for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle comprising:

(a) waveform monitoring means for monitoring a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) turn point detection means for detecting a change in the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) stimulation commencement means for commencing stimulation in response to a detected inspiratory turn point;

(d) artifact monitoring means for monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an artifact not characteristic of normal respiratory activity; and

(e) stimulation suppressing means for suppressing stimulation upon detection of the artifact.

85. The device of claim 84 wherein the artifact detecting means comprises:

(a) parameter monitoring means for monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for at least one parameter of the waveform characteristic of a body movement or a cough; and

(b) comparison means for comparing at least one value for the parameter with a predetermined limit.

86. The device of claim 85 wherein the monitored parameter is selected from the group consisting of inspiratory rise time, inspiratory time-to-peak, time of inspiratory onset to expiratory offset, inspiratory peak-to-peak time, expiratory peak-to-peak time and breath-to-breath time.

87. A device for controlling stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle comprising:

(a) waveform monitoring means for monitoring a respiratory effort waveform of the patient;

(b) turn point detection means for detecting a change in the respiratory effort waveform characteristic of an inspiratory turn point;

(c) stimulation commencement means for commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point;

(d) artifact monitoring means for monitoring the respiratory effort waveform for an artifact not characteristic of normal respiratory activity;

(e) artifact detecting means for detecting an artifact in the waveform; and

(f) stimulation suppressing means for suppressing stimulation upon detection of the artifact,

wherein the turn point detection means comprises;

(1) average slope determining means for determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(2) current slope determining means for determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform; and

(3) comparison means for comparing the current slope with the moving average slope.

88. The device of claim 87 wherein the current slope determining means comprises:

(a) sensing means for sensing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling means for sampling the sensed signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform; and

(c) difference means for determining a difference between a most recent amplitude and a next most recent amplitude of the respiratory effort waveform.

89. A device for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle comprising:

(a) sensing means for sensing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling means for sampling the signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(c) average slope determining means for determining a moving average slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(d) current slope determining means for determining a current slope for the respiratory effort waveform;

(e) turn point determining means for comparing the current slope with the moving average slope to determine an inspiratory turn point by a current slope that is in a range of about 1.5 to 5 times the moving average slope; and

(g) stimulation commencement means for commencing stimulation of the upper airway muscle according to the detected inspiratory turn point.

90. The device of claim 89 wherein the average slope determining means comprises:

(a) difference determining means for determining a difference between an amplitude value for a sample interval and an immediately preceding sample interval;

(b) average determining means for determining an average of differences for a plurality of successive sample intervals; and

(c) average redetermining means for redetermining an average at each sample interval.

91. The device of claim 89 wherein the stimulation commencement means includes means for commencing stimulation immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

92. The device of claim 89 wherein the stimulation commencement means includes means for commencing stimulation in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

93. A device for providing stimulation of an upper airway muscle of a patient to relieve an airway obstruction, said patient having a respiratory cycle with an inspiratory phase, said stimulation synchronized with the inspiratory phase of the patient'"'"'s respiratory cycle comprising:

(a) sensing means for sensing a signal characteristic of respiratory effort of the patient;

(b) sampling means for sampling the sensed signal at a predetermined interval to provide a digitized respiratory effort waveform;

(c) amplitude determining means for determining highest and lowest amplitude values of the digitized waveform for a plurality of successive respiratory cycles;

(d) difference determining means for determining a difference between highest and lowest amplitude values for each of the plurality of respiratory cycles;

(e) average determining means for determining an average of the plurality of amplitude value differences;

(f) trigger value determining means for determining an amplitude trigger value as a function of the average amplitude difference;

(g) turn point determining means for detecting an inspiratory turn point by attainment of the amplitude trigger value in the respiratory effort waveform; and

(h) stimulation commencement means for commencing stimulation in response to the detected inspiratory turn point.

94. The device of claim 93 wherein the stimulation commencement means includes means for commencing stimulation immediately upon detection of the inspiratory turn point.

95. The device of claim 93 wherein the stimulation commencement means includes means for commencing stimulation in a next respiratory cycle following detection of the inspiratory turn point.

96. The device of claim 95 wherein the means for commencing stimulation in a next respiratory cycle comprises:

(a) cycle time determining means for determining representative respiratory cycle time for the patient;

(b) turn point detecting means for determining when the inspiratory turn point is detected;

(c) means for determining a time for commencement of stimulation as a function of the respiratory cycle time and when the inspiratory turn point is detected.