Genitourinary cell-matrix structure for implantation into a human and a method of making

• US 5,567,612 A
• Filed: 07/27/1993
• Issued: 10/22/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 11/20/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Children's Medical Center Corporation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Children's Medical Center Corporation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Vacanti, Joseph P., Freeman, Michael R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wityshyn, Michael G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DADIO, SUSAN
• Application Number:
  US08/098,569
• Time in Patent Office: 1,183 Days
• Field of Search: 435/240.1, 435/240.23, 435/240.243, 435/240.242, 435/180, 435/240.2, 435/1, 424/422, 424/423, 424/426, 424/486, 436/823, 524/24, 525/421, 623/11, 623/12, 623/13
• US Class Current: 435/366
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/062 Apparatus for the production of blood vessels made from natural tissue or with layers of living cells prostheses made from natural tissue or living cells A61L27/507
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 2430/06 for cartilage reconstruction, e.g. meniscus
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/3804 characterised by specific cells or progenitors thereof, e.g. fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, kidney cells
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/3839 characterised by the site of application in the body materials for artificial blood vessels A61L27/507; materials for use in artificial skin A61L27/60
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2533/30 Synthetic polymers thermoreactive polymers, e.g. PNIPAm, C12N2539/10
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2533/40 Polyhydroxyacids, e.g. polymers of glycolic or lactic acid (PGA, PLA, PLGA); Bioresorbable polymers
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 5/0068 General culture methods using substrates for specific animal cell type C12N5/06
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 623/915 Method or apparatus for preparing biological material

Abstract

Methods and artificial matrices for the growth and implantation of urological structures and surfaces are disclosed in which urothelial cells are grown in culture on biodegradable, biocompatible, fibrous matrices formed of polymers, such as polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, or other polymers which degrade over time. The cells can be cultured in vitro until an adequate cell volume and density has developed for the cells to survive and proliferate in vivo. Alternatively, when adequate cell numbers for implantation are available, the cells can be attached to the matrix and implanted directly, without proliferation in vitro. The implants approximate the desired urological structure to be replaced or repaired, such as the kidney, urether, bladder, urethra, and the like. Implantation is followed by remodeling through cell growth and proliferation in vivo. In another aspect of the invention, techniques are disclosed for selectively extracting or harvesting urothelial cells either from excised urological tissue in vitro or from intact urological tissue in vivo by treating the tissue with a digestive enzyme, such as collagenase.

Claims

1. A genitourinary cell-matrix structure for implantation into a human comprising:

a biocompatible, biodegradable polymeric matrix comprising a plurality of fibers in a nutrient environment; and

parenchymal cells of human genitourinary origin attached to and within the matrix in vitro,

wherein the matrix provides a scaffold for cell attachment and has a surface area sufficient to provide free exchange of nutrients and waste by diffusion for attached cells to survive in vitro prior to implantation and in the absence of vascularization, and wherein the matrix is formed in a shape for reconstruction of a genitourinary structure.

2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyanhydride, polyorthoester, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid and combinations thereof.

3. The structure of claim 1 further comprising coatings on the the polymer selected from the group consisting of basement membrane components, agar, agarose, gelatin, gum arabic, collagens, fibronectin, laminin, glycosaminoglycans, attachment peptides, and mixtures thereof.

4. The structure of claim 1 wherein the matrix forms a flexible structure conformable to a biological surface.

5. The structure of claim 1 wherein the matrix is formed of a mesh of open nonwoven fibers.

6. A method for making a genitourinary cell-matrix structure for implantation into a human comprising:

providing a biocompatible, biodegradable polymeric matrix comprising a plurality of fibers in a nutrient environment; and

allowing parenchymal cells of human genitourinary origin to attach to and within the matrix to form a genitourinary structure in vitro,

wherein the matrix provides a scaffold for cell attachment and has a surface area sufficient to provide free exchange of nutrients and waste by diffusion for the attached cells to survive in vitro prior to implantation and in the absence of vascularization.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyanhydride, polyorthoester, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid and combinations thereof.

8. The method of claim 6 further comprising coating the polymer with a material selected from the group consisting of basement membrane components, agar, agarose, gelatin, gum arabic, collagens, fibronectin, laminin, glycosaminoglycans, attachment peptides, and mixtures thereof.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the matrix is formed as a flexible structure conformable to a biological surface.

10. The method of claim 6 further comprising implanting the structure to form a urological prosthesis.

11. The method of claim 6 further comprising allowing the cells to attach on a matrix, allowing the cells to proliferate on the matrix in vitro in a nutrient media, then implanting the matrix in vivo.