Creating charts and visualizations by demonstration

• US 5,581,677 A
• Filed: 04/22/1994
• Issued: 12/03/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/22/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Carnegie Mellon University
• Original Assignee: Carnegie Mellon University
• Inventors: Myers, Brad A., Goldberg, Matthew A., Biagioni, Jade G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jankus, Almis R.
• Application Number:
  US08/232,524
• Time in Patent Office: 956 Days
• Field of Search: 395/140, 395/148, 395/161, 395/925, 395/155, 395/145, 395/147
• US Class Current: 345/440
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/206 Drawing of charts or graphs

Abstract

A system and method to automatically produce a display chart from example graphics and data values. New or existing example graphics are drawn with a programmable data processing system, and the drawn graphical elements within the chart are identified. A data value is then associated with at least one of the graphical elements, and a list of heuristics are applied to determine the visualization characteristics for the graphical elements. The display chart is then produced incorporating the visualization characteristics for the graphical elements.

Claims

1. A visualization method for producing a display chart using a programmable data processing system, comprising a data input device, a display device, and a data storage device, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) using the data input device to provide the programmable data processing system with a drawn example graphical element and a plurality of data values;

(b) storing the drawn example graphical element and the plurality of data values in the data storage device; and

(c) using the programmable data processing system to automatically perform the steps of;

(1) associating one of the plurality of data values to the drawn example graphical element, the associated data value being contained within a specified range of values;

(2) applying one of a plurality of heuristics to the drawn example graphical element and the associated data value to determine a visualization characteristic of the graphical element, wherein the plurality of heuristics comprises a heuristic selected from the group consisting of determining the type of chart based on the type of drawn example graphical element and the proximity of the drawn example graphical element to other drawn example graphical elements and to an axis, determining the values of visualization characteristics by copying the characteristics of the drawn example graphical element, and determining the number and placement of chart elements based on the plurality of data values; and

(3) displaying, on the display device, the display chart from the drawn example graphical element embodying the visualization characteristic, such that the display chart visualizes the specified range of values of the associated data value.

2. The visualization method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of graphical primitives includes rectangle, mark, line, pie piece, text, axis, and arbitrary picture.

3. The visualization method of claim 1 wherein the visualization characteristic includes scaling the display graphic along an x-axis, scaling the display graphic along a y-axis, repeating the display graphic, and changing the display graphic color, line style, texture, and shape.

4. The visualization method of claim 1 wherein the programmable data processing system further performs the step of determining one of a plurality of data types from one of the plurality of data values.

5. The visualization method of claim 4 wherein the plurality of data types include nominal, ordinal, time, date, money, general number, or text.

6. The visualization method of claim 1 wherein the programmable data processing system further performs the step of updating the display chart when any of the plurality of data values changes.

7. A visualization method for producing a display chart using a programmable data processing system, comprising a data input device, a display device, and a data storage device, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) using the data input device to provide the programmable data processing system with an example movable special marker and a plurality of data values;

(b) storing the example movable special marker and the plurality of data values in the data storage device; and

(c) using the programmable data processing system to automatically perform the steps of;

(1) associating one of the plurality of data values to the example movable special marker, the associated data value being contained within a specified range of values; and

(2) applying one of a plurality of heuristics to the example movable special marker and the associated data value to determine a visualization characteristic of a graphical element of the display chart, such that the graphical element associated with the associated data value is highlighted using the example movable special marker, wherein the plurality of heuristics comprises a heuristic selected from the group consisting of determining which data value is being highlighted by determining which chart element the example movable special marker is near, determining whether a data value is a largest or smallest data value, and determining whether the example movable special marker contains a representation of a data value.

8. The visualization method of claim 7 wherein the step of drawing a movable special marker comprises editing a visualization characteristic of a graphic element as the movable special marker within the display chart, such that the data value associated with the graphic element is highlighted.

9. The visualization method of claim 8 wherein the movable special marker displays the data value associated with a highlighted graphic element.

10. The visualization method of claim 7 wherein the programmable data processing system further performs the step of updating the special marker when any of the plurality of data values changes.

11. A visualization method for producing a display chart using a programmable data processing system, comprising a data input device, a display device, and a data storage device, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) using the data input device to provide the programmable data processing system with first and second drawn example graphical elements and a plurality of data values;

(b) storing the first and second drawn example graphical elements and the plurality of data values in the data storage device; and

(c) using the programmable data processing system to automatically perform the steps of;

(1) associating one of the plurality of data values to the first drawn example graphical element and one of the plurality of data values to the second drawn example graphical element;

(2) comparing the first drawn graphical element to the second drawn graphical element;

(3) determining a graphical difference between the first and second drawn example graphical elements;

(4) associating one of the plurality of data values to the graphical difference, the associated data value being contained within a specified range;

(5) applying one of a plurality of heuristics to the graphical difference and the associated data value to determine a visualization characteristic of a graphical element of the display chart, wherein the plurality of heuristics comprises a heuristic selected from the group consisting of determining which visualization characteristic differs between the first drawn example graphical element and the second drawn example graphical element, determining the type of chart based on a differing visualization characteristic, the types of the first and second drawn example graphical elements, the proximity of the first and second drawn example graphical elements to other drawn example graphical elements and to an axis, determining the values of visualization characteristics by copying the characteristics from a drawn example graphical element, and determining the number, placement and values for a differing visualization characteristic of the display chart elements based on the plurality of data values; and

(6) displaying, on the display device, the display chart from the graphical difference embodying the visualization characteristic, such that the display chart visualizes the specified range of values of the associated data value.

12. The visualization method of claim 11 further comprising the step of associating one of the plurality of data values to each drawn graphical element within the example graphic.

13. The visualization method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of graphical primitives includes rectangle, mark, line, pie piece, text, axis, and arbitrary picture.

14. The visualization method of claim 11 wherein the visualization characteristic includes scaling the display graphic along an x-axis, scaling the display graphic along a y-axis, repeating the display graphic, and changing the display graphic color, line style, texture, and shape.

15. The visualization method of claim 11 wherein the programmable data processing system further performs the step of determining one of a plurality of data types from one of the plurality of data values.

16. The visualization method of claim 15 wherein the plurality of data types includes nominal, ordinal, time, date, money, general number, or text.

17. The visualization method of claim 11 wherein the programmable data processing system further performs the step of updating the display chart when any of the plurality of data values changes.

18. A system for producing a display chart from a drawn example graphical element and data values, the system comprising:

(a) a programmable data processing computer, the computer comprising a data input device, a display device, and a data storage device coupled thereto;

(b) the data storage device comprising means for storing the drawn example graphical element and the data values stored in an electronic format;

(c) association means for associating one of the data values to the drawn example graphical element, the associated data value being contained within a specified range;

(d) application means for applying one of a plurality of heuristics to the drawn example graphical element and the associated data value to determine a visualization characteristic of the graphical element, wherein the plurality of heuristics comprises a heuristic selected from the group consisting of determining the type of chart based on the type of drawn example graphical element and the proximity of the drawn example graphical element to other drawn example graphical elements and to an axis, determining the values of visualization characteristics by copying the characteristics of the drawn example graphical element, and determining the number and placement of chart elements based on the plurality of data values; and

(e) graphic production means for producing, on the display device, the display chart from the drawn example graphical element embodying the visualization characteristic, such that the display chart visualizes the specified range of values of the associated data value.

19. The system of claim 18 further comprising visualization means for scaling the display graphic along an x-axis, scaling the display graphic along a y-axis, repeating the display graphic, and changing the display graphic color, line style, texture, and shape.

20. The system of claim 18 further comprising update means for updating the display chart when any of the plurality of data values changes.

21. A system for producing a display chart from a movable special marker example graphical element and data values, the system comprising:

(a) a programmable data processing computer, the computer comprising a data input device, a display device, and a data storage device coupled thereto;

(b) the data storage device comprising means for storing the drawn example graphical element and the data values stored in an electronic format;

(c) association means for associating one of the plurality of data values to the movable special marker example graphical element, the data value being contained within a specified range of values; and

(d) application means for applying one of a plurality of heuristics to the movable special marker example graphical element and the data value to determine a visualization characteristic of the graphical element, such that the graphical element associated with the data value is highlighted using the movable special marker, wherein the plurality of heuristics comprises a heuristic selected from the group consisting of determining which data value is being highlighted by determining which chart element the example movable special marker is near, determining whether a data value is a largest or smallest data value, and determining whether the example movable special marker contains a representation of a data value.

22. The system of claim 21 further comprising editing means for editing a visualization characteristic of the example graphic element as the movable special marker such that the graphical element is highlighted.

23. The system of claim 22 wherein the movable special marker displays the data value associated with a highlighted graphic element.

24. The system of claim 21 further comprising update means for updating the movable special marker when any of the plurality of data values changes.

25. A system for producing a display chart from first and second drawn example graphical elements and data values, the system comprising:

(a) a programmable data processing computer, the computer comprising a data input device, a display device, and a data storage device coupled thereto;

(b) the data storage device comprising means for storing the first and second drawn example graphical elements and the data values stored in an electronic format;

(c) first association means for associating one of the plurality of data values to the first drawn example graphical element and one of the plurality of data values to the second drawn example graphical element;

(d) comparison means for comparing the first drawn example graphical element to the second drawn example graphical element;

(e) determination means for determining a graphical difference between the first and second drawn example graphical elements;

(f) second association means for associating one of the plurality of data values to the graphical difference, the associated data value being contained within a specified range;

(g) application means for applying one of a plurality of heuristics to the graphical difference and the associated data value to determine a visualization characteristic of the graphical element, wherein the plurality of heuristics comprises a heuristic selected from the group consisting of determining which visualization characteristic differs between the first drawn example graphical element and the second drawn example graphical element, the types of the first and second drawn example graphical elements, the proximity of the first and second drawn example graphical elements to other drawn example graphical elements and to an axis, determining the values of visualization characteristics by copying the characteristics from a drawn example graphical element, and determining the number, placement and values for a differing visualization characteristic of the display chart elements based on the plurality of data values; and

(h) graphic production means for producing, on the display device, the display chart from the graphical difference embodying the visualization characteristic, such that the display chart visualizes the specified range of values of the associated data value.

26. The system of claim 25 further comprising visualization means for scaling the display graphic along an x-axis, scaling the display graphic along a y-axis, and repeating the display graphic, and changing the display graphic color, line style, texture, and shape.

27. The system of claim 25 further comprising update means for updating the display chart when any of the plurality of data values changes.