Battery charger

• US 5,592,069 A
• Filed: 10/07/1992
• Issued: 01/07/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/07/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Dallas Semiconductor Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Lee, Robert D., Dias, Donald R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Application Number:
  US07/957,571
• Time in Patent Office: 1,553 Days
• Field of Search: 320/20, 320/31, 320/35, 320/14, 320/48, 320/30
• US Class Current: 320/106
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 7/13 Circuits for cold-junction compensation
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00036 Charger exchanging data with battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A battery charger with charging parameter values derived from communication with a battery pack to be charged. Communication is over a one-wire bus with battery pack transmissions in response to charger inquiries. The battery charger may be in the form an integrated circuit driving a power transistor or other controllable DC supply. A battery pack may contain a program with multiple charging currents and charging interval termination methods such as time, temperature rise, and incremental voltage polarity. A lack of communication may be invoke a default charging program or denial of access to the charger. The charger also communicates over a high-speed three-wire bus with an external computer for analysis of identification information acquired from the battery and for control of the charger.

Claims

1. A battery charging system, comprising

a battery charger;

a battery pack including;

at least one rechargeable battery cell and a memory having stored therein charge instructions;

said charge instructions comprising information instructing said battery charger of procedures for charging the at least one battery cell.

2. The battery charging system of claim 1, said battery charger comprising:

(a1) a current source coupled to said battery pack to charge said rechargeable battery cell(s);

(a2) a communication bus; and

(a3) a controller controlling said current source in response to said charge instructions, said controller comprising communication circuitry electrically coupled to said communication bus;

(a4) wherein said controller receives said charge instructions stored in said memory of said battery pack via a communication module electrically coupled to said communication bus and further wherein said controller executes and follows said charge instructions.

3. The battery charging system of claim 2, wherein:

(a) said current source further comprising a current level detector with an output electrically coupled to said controller; and

(b) said charge instructions comprising information pertaining to a current level detected by said current level detector.

4. The battery charging system of claim 2, wherein:

(a) said controller further comprising a voltage level detector to detect battery voltage level of said battery(ies); and

(b) said charge instructions comprising information pertaining to a voltage level detected by said voltage level detector.

5. The battery charging system of claim 2, wherein:

(a) said controller further comprising a comparator to detect changes in voltages of said rechargeable battery cell(s); and

(b) said charge instructions comprising information pertaining to a voltage range.

6. The battery charging system of claim 2, wherein:

(a) said controller comprising a temperature comparator connected to at least one temperature sensor input terminal is electrically coupled to at least one temperature sensor; and

(b) said charge instructions comprising a temperature increment determined by said temperature comparator.

7. The battery charging system of claim 2 wherein:

(a) said controller receiving an identification signal from said battery pack, said controller uses said identification signal to permit access to said battery pack.

8. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said charge instructions are comprised of information selected from the group consisting of temperature ranges, voltage levels, current levels, and any combination thereof.

9. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said battery charger comprises a

(a) a current control output terminal;

(b) a communication terminal; and

(c) a controller connected to said current control output terminals, wherein said controller comprises communication circuitry to receive said charge instructions from said battery pack via a communication channel, said communication circuitry having a communication module electrically coupled to said communication terminal, and wherein said controller further comprises a driver connected to said current control output terminal and which can control a current source to charge said rechargeable battery cell(s), said driver controlled by said charge instructions.

10. The battery charging system of claim 9, wherein said communication circuitry provides power at said communication terminal to said communication module.

11. The battery charging system of claim 9, wherein

said controller comprising a voltage level detector electrically coupled to a voltage level input terminal,

said controller comprising a current level detector electrically coupled to a first and a second current level detector input terminal,

said controller comprising a first temperature sensor electrically coupled to a first temperature input terminal,

said controller comprising second communication circuitry electrically coupled to a second communication terminal, wherein said charge instructions comprise information selected from the group consisting of voltage level, current level, temperature levels, identification information, and any combination thereof;

and

wherein said controller acquires temperature information from said first temperature sensor, voltage information from said voltage level input terminal, and identification information from communication over said second communication terminal, and

said controller can follow said charge instructions in conjunction with outputs of said voltage level detector, said current level detector, and said first temperature sensors, and said identification information to control said driver.

12. The battery charging system of claim 11, further comprising a second temperature sensor, said second temperature sensor electrically coupled to a second temperature input terminal, wherein said controller acquires temperature information from said second temperature sensor.

13. The battery charger system of claim 11, further wherein said communication channel comprises a data wire and a ground wire.

14. The battery charging system of claim 11, further wherein said communication channel comprises exactly one electrical connection and said communication circuitry housed in said controller and said communication module housed in said communication module provides a multiplexed interface for said one electrical connection therebetween.

15. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said rechargeable battery cell(s) together form a battery, said battery having a battery chemistry selected from the group consisting of lithium, nickel.

16. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said rechargeable battery cell(s) are used to power a host system.

17. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said host system is a personal computer.

18. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said rechargeable battery cell(s) when combined form a battery, said battery weighing just a few pounds and delivering 4-12 volts.

19. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said procedures are selected from the group consisting of constant current charging at various current levels, trickle charging, and any combination thereof.

20. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said memory is selected from the group consisting of nonvolatile ROM, EEPROM, EPROM, and any combination thereof.

21. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said battery charger communicates with a host system.

22. The battery charging system of claim 21, wherein said battery charger communicates with a host system via a bus.

23. The battery charging system of claim 21, wherein said bus is a three-wire bus.

24. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said memory is electrically coupled to a memory power supply.

25. The battery charging system of claim 24, wherein said memory power supply is distinct from said rechargeable battery cell(s).

26. The battery charging system of claim 24, wherein said memory power supply is distinct from a system power supply powering said battery charger.

27. The battery charging system of claim 1, wherein said battery pack has a second memory to store an identification code, said battery charger decodes said identification code to determine whether said battery charger should charge said rechargeable battery cell(s) on said battery pack.

38. The system of claim 1, wherein said information comprises digital information.

39. The system of claim 1, wherein said battery pack is adapted to power a personal computer.

40. The system of claim 1, wherein said battery pack is adapted to power a cellular telephone.

41. The system of claim 1, wherein said battery pack is adapted to power a video camera.

42. The system of claim 1, wherein said battery pack is adapted to power an electronic device.

43. The system of claim 1, wherein said battery pack is adapted to power an electrically operated device that uses a rechargeable battery.

28. A battery pack, comprising

at least one rechargeable battery cell and at least one memory having stored therein charge instructions;

said charge instructions comprising information instructing a battery charger of procedures for charging the at least one rechargeable battery cell.

29. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said charge instructions comprise charging information selected from the group consisting of a current level used to charge said rechargeable battery cell(s), a voltage level corresponding to said rechargeable battery cell(s), voltage ranges corresponding to changes in a voltage level(s) of said rechargeable battery cell(s), temperature ranges corresponding to a temperature(s) of said rechargeable battery cell(s) and to an ambient temperature, identification code(s) corresponding to said rechargeable battery cell(s), and any combination thereof.

30. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said rechargeable battery cell(s) form a battery, said battery having a battery chemistry are selected from the group consisting of lithium, nickel-cadmium, or nickel metal hydride.

31. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said rechargeable battery cell(s) are used to power a host system.

32. The battery pack of claim 31, wherein said host system is a personal computer.

33. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said rechargeable battery cell(s) form a battery, said battery weighing just a few pounds and delivering 4-12 volts.

34. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said procedures are selected from the group consisting of constant current charging at various current levels, trickle charging, and for and combination thereof.

35. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said memory is selected from the group consisting of nonvolatile ROM, EEPROM, EPROM, and any combination thereof.

36. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said memory is electrically coupled to a memory power supply.

37. The battery pack of claim 28, wherein said battery pack has a second memory to store an identification code.

44. A battery charging system comprising:

means for receiving information from a rechargeable battery; and

means for selecting one of a plurality of procedures for charging said rechargeable battery based upon said received information.

45. A battery charger comprising:

means for receiving charge instructions from a rechargeable battery; and

means for selecting a procedure for charging said rechargeable battery based upon said charge instructions.

46. A battery charger comprising:

means for charging a conventional rechargeable battery; and

means for selecting a procedure for charging a rechargeable battery, having a memory associated therewith, based upon information received from the memory.

47. A circuit which is useable in a battery charger, said circuit comprising:

means for receiving charge instructions from a rechargeable battery; and

means for controlling charging procedures based upon said charge instructions.

48. A circuit which is useable in a rechargeable battery pack, said circuit comprising:

means to provide information to a charger circuit; and

means to cause the selection of a procedure to provide a charge to said battery pack based at least in part on said provided information.

49. A battery management circuit comprising:

means to couple said battery management circuit to a rechargeable battery pack;

memory means associated with said battery management circuit, having stored therein identification data; and

means for communicating the identification data to a battery charger, the identification data enabling the charger to select a procedure for charging the rechargeable battery pack.

50. A battery management circuit for a battery, said battery management circuit comprising:

an interface to a battery charger; and

means for transmitting information to said battery charger, said transmitted information used by said battery charger to select a procedure for charging said battery.

51. A battery pack comprising:

at least one rechargeable battery cell and at least one memory having stored therein information;

said information comprising address information for accessing a procedure for a battery charger to charge the at least one rechargeable battery cell.

52. A battery pack comprising:

at least one rechargeable battery cell and at least one memory having stored therein identification data;

said identification data providing a battery charger with information as to selection of a procedure for charging said at least one rechargeable battery cell.

53. A battery pack comprising:

means for coupling said battery pack to a system that implements procedures for charging batteries; and

means for conveying information to said system, which information is used to affect the charging procedure.

54. The battery pack of claim 53, wherein said information comprises at least battery-capacity monitor information.

55. The battery pack of claim 53, wherein said information comprises at least charge instructions.

56. The battery pack of claim 53, wherein said information comprises at least data used for selecting charge instructions.

57. A battery management circuit comprising:

means for coupling to a system that implements procedures for charging batteries; and

means for conveying information to said system, which information is used to affect the charging procedure.

58. The battery management circuit of claim 57, wherein said information comprises at least battery-capacity monitor information.

59. The battery management circuit of claim 57, wherein said information comprises at least charge instructions.

60. The battery management circuit of claim 57, wherein said information comprises at least data used for selecting charge instructions.

61. A method for charging a battery cell within a battery pack, said method comprising the steps of:

receiving information from said battery pack; and

selecting a charging procedure for said at least one battery cell based upon the received information.

63. The method of claim 61, wherein said information is received in digital form.

67. The method of claims 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 or 66, wherein said information comprises identification information.

68. The method of claims 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 or 66, wherein said information comprises address information.

62. A method for providing for the charging of a battery cell within a battery pack, said method comprising the steps of:

providing for receiving information from said battery pack; and

providing for selecting a charging procedure for said at lean one battery cell based upon the received information.

64. The method of claim 62, wherein said information is received in digital form.

65. A method for providing for the charging of a battery cell within a battery pack, said method comprising the steps of:

providing for transmitting information from said battery pack; and

providing for selecting a charging procedure for said at least one battery cell based upon said received information.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein said information is transmitted in digital form.

69. A method for charging a rechargeable battery pack including at least one battery cell, said method comprising the steps of:

storing information in said rechargeable battery pack,

said stored information instructing a battery charger of procedures for charging said at least one battery cell.

70. A method for enabling the charging of a rechargeable battery pack including at least one battery cell, said method comprising the steps of:

providing for the storing of information in said rechargeable battery pack; and

providing for instructing a battery charger of procedures for charging said at least one battery cell based at least in pan on said stored information.

71. A method for charging a rechargeable battery pack including at least one battery cell, said method comprising the steps of:

storing procedures for charging battery cells in said battery charger; and

selecting a procedure based upon information received from said rechargeable battery pack.