Medium and high discharge rate combination battery and method

• US 5,614,331 A
• Filed: 12/22/1995
• Issued: 03/25/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Greatbatch Limited (Greatbatch Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Wilson Greatbatch Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Walsh, Karen M., Takeuchi, Esther S.
• Primary Examiner(s): NUZZOLILLO, MARIA
• Application Number:
  US08/577,260
• Time in Patent Office: 459 Days
• Field of Search: 429/9, 429/218, 429/127, 429/149, 429/152, 429/153, 429/154, 429/156, 429/161, 429/162, 429/163, 429/164, 429/165
• US Class Current: 429/9
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/378 Electrical supply
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/00 Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/16 with organic electrolyte H01M6/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/425 Multimode batteries, batteries with "reserve cells"
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5016 Multimode utilisation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A combination battery comprising a medium rate cell portion intended to be discharged under a substantially constant drain and a high rate cell portion intended to be pulse discharged, is described. Both cell portions are housed in the same casing and activated with the same electrolyte. The respective cells are capable of both independent and simultaneous discharge.

Claims

1. An electrochemical battery, comprising:

a) a casing means;

b) a first electrochemical cell housed within the casing means, the first cell comprising;

i) a first anode means comprising alkali metal electrically associated with a first anode current collector;

ii) means for connecting the first anode current collector to an external lead;

iii) a first cathode means of cathode active material electrically associated with a first cathode current collector;

iv) means for connecting the first cathode current collector to an external lead; and

v) an electrolyte operatively associated with the first anode means and the first cathode means; and

c) a second electrochemical cell housed within the casing means, the second cell comprising;

i) a second anode means comprising alkali metal electrically associated with a second anode current collector;

ii) means for connecting the second anode current collector to an external lead;

iii) a second cathode means of cathode active material electrically associated with a second cathode current collector;

iv) means for connecting the second cathode current collector to an external lead; and

v) the electrolyte operatively associated with the second anode means and the second cathode means; and

wherein the first cell is dischargeable independent of the second cell to provide separate and independent sources of electrical energy.

2. The electrochemical battery of claim 1 wherein the first cell is dischargeable under a substantially constant discharge rate and the second cell is dischargeable under a current pulse discharge application.

3. An electrochemical battery, comprising:

a) a casing means of electrically conductive material;

b) a first electrochemical cell housed within the casing means, the first cell comprising;

i) a first anode means comprising alkali metal electrically associated with a first anode current collector;

ii) a first cathode means of cathode active material electrically associated with a first cathode current collector; and

iii) an electrolyte solution operatively associated with the first anode means and the first cathode means; and

c) a second electrochemical cell housed within the casing means, the second cell comprising;

i) a second anode means comprising alkali metal electrically associated with a second anode current collector;

ii) a second cathode means of cathode active material electrically associated with a second cathode current collector; and

iii) the electrolyte solution operatively associated with the second anode means and the second cathode means; and

wherein the first cell is dischargeable independent of the second cell to provide separate and independent sources of electrical energy.

4. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the first cell is dischargeable under a substantially constant discharge rate and the second cell is dischargeable under a current pulse discharge application.

5. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the first and second anode current collectors are electrically connected to the casing means to provide a case-negative configuration for the first and second cells.

6. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein either of the first and second anode current collectors is electrically connected to the casing means to provide a case-negative configuration for the corresponding first and second electrochemical cell and the other of the first and second anode current collectors is connected to an anode terminal means electronically insulated from the casing means.

7. The electrochemical battery of claim 6 wherein both the first and second cathode current collectors are electrically connected to respective cathode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

8. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein both the first and second anode current collectors are electrically connected to respective anode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

9. The electrochemical battery of claim 8 wherein both the first and second cathode current collectors are electrically connected to respective cathode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

10. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the anode is comprised of lithium.

11. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the anode comprises a lithium-aluminum alloy.

12. The electrochemical battery of claim 11 wherein aluminum comprises from between about 0% to about 50% by weight of the anode alloy.

13. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the electrolyte solution operatively associated with both the first and second electrochemical cells comprises an inorganic salt having the general formula MM'"'"'F₆ dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein M is an alkali metal similar to the alkali metal comprising at least one of the anode means and M'"'"' is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic and antimony.

14. The electrochemical battery of claim 13 wherein the alkali metal of both the first and second anode means comprises lithium and the inorganic salt comprising the electrolyte solution is lithium hexafluorophosphate.

15. The electrochemical battery of claim 13 wherein the nonaqueous solvent comprises an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, propylene carbonate, methyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, ethylene carbonate, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and mixtures thereof.

16. The electrochemical battery of claim 13 wherein the nonaqueous solvent is an organic solvent that comprises propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane.

17. The electrochemical battery of claim 16 wherein the propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane are present in a ratio of about 1:

1 by volume.

18. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the cathode active material of both the first and second cathode means is selected from the group consisting of silver vanadium oxide, copper silver vanadium oxide, manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, titanium disulfide, copper sulfide, iron sulfide, iron disulfide copper vanadium oxide, carbon and fluorinated carbon and mixtures thereof.

19. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein at least one of the cathode means comprises a calendared mixed metal oxide.

20. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the cathode active material of both the first and second cathode means comprises a mixed metal oxide formed as a preparation product of one of the group consisting of a thermal treatment reaction, addition reaction, sol-gel formation, chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium oxide and a second metal.

21. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein both the first and second cathode means comprise from between about 80 weight percent to about 99 weight percent of the cathode active material.

22. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein at least one of the first and second cathode means further comprises binder material and conductive additives.

23. The electrochemical battery of claim 22 wherein the binder material is a fluoro-resin powder.

24. The electrochemical battery of claim 22 wherein the conductive additives are selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphite powder, acetylene black and mixtures thereof.

25. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the first and second cathode means comprise about 0 to 3 weight percent carbon, about 1 to 5 weight percent of a powder fluoro-resin and about 94 to 99 weight percent of the cathode active material.

26. The electrochemical battery of claim 3 wherein the cathode means of the second cell is formed of a cathode sheet having a thickness in the range of from between about 0.004 inches to about 0.020 inches associated with the anode means in a jellyroll configuration.

27. An electrochemical battery, comprising:

a) a casing means of electrically conductive material;

b) a first electrochemical cell housed within the casing means and dischargeable under a substantially constant discharge application, the first cell comprising;

i) a first anode means comprising alkali metal electrically associated with a first anode current collector;

a first cathode means of cathode active material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide, a metal sulfide and a carbonaceous compound, and mixtures thereof, electrically associated with a first cathode current collector; and

iii) an electrolyte solution operatively associated with the first anode means and the first cathode means; and

c) a second electrochemical cell housed within the casing means and dischargeable under a current pulse discharge application, the second cell comprising;

i) a second anode means comprising alkali metal electrically associated with a second anode current collector;

ii) a second cathode means of cathode active material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal oxide and a mixed metal oxide, a metal sulfide and combinations thereof, electrically associated with a second cathode current collector; and

iii) the electrolyte solution operatively associated with the second anode means and the second cathode means;

wherein the first cell is dischargeable independent of the second cell to provide separate and independent sources of electrical energy.

28. The electrochemical battery of claim 27 wherein the first electrochemical cell comprises the first cathode means having the first anode means disposed adjacent to at least one side of the cathode means, and wherein the second electrochemical cell comprises the second anode means and the second cathode means wound together in a jellyroll configuration.

29. The electrochemical battery of claim 28 wherein the first electrochemical cell comprises the first anode means disposed adjacent to opposite sides of the first cathode means at an intermediate position, between the first anode means.

30. The electrochemical battery of claim 28 wherein the first and second anode current collectors are electrically connected to the casing means to provide a case-negative configuration for the first and second cells.

31. The electrochemical battery of claim 28 wherein either of the first and second anode current collectors is electrically connected to the casing means to provide a case-negative configuration for the corresponding first and second electrochemical cells and the other of the first and second anode current collectors is connected to an anode terminal means electronically insulated from the casing means.

32. The electrochemical battery of claim 28 wherein both the first and second anode current collectors are electrically connected to respective anode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

33. The electrochemical battery of claim 28 wherein the anode is comprised of lithium.

34. The electrochemical battery of claim 28 wherein the electrolyte solution operatively associated with both the first and second electrochemical cells comprises an inorganic salt having the general formula MM'"'"'F₆ dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent wherein M is an alkali metal similar to the alkali metal comprising at least one of the anode means and M'"'"' is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic and antimony.

35. The electrochemical battery of claim 34 wherein the alkali metal of both the first and second anode means comprises lithium and the inorganic salt comprising the electrolyte solution is lithium hexafluorophosphate.

36. In combination with an implantable medical device requiring electrical power for a monitoring function and a device operating function, a battery comprising:

a) a medium rate constant discharge or constant drain cell for providing low level currents for the monitoring function;

b) a high rate pulse discharge cell for providing high level current for the operating function; and

c) a single casing means containing both cells.

37. The combination of claim 36 wherein the casing has a prismatic shape.

38. A method of providing an electrochemical battery capable of simultaneous and independent discharge at both a substantially constant discharge rate and under a current pulse discharge application, which comprises:

a) providing a casing means of electrically conductive material;

b) housing a first electrochemical cell within the casing means comprising the steps of;

i) providing a first anode means comprising alkali metal and electrically associating the alkali metal with a first anode current collector;

ii) providing a first cathode means of cathode active material and electrically associating the first cathode active material with a first cathode current collector; and

iii) activating the first electrochemical cell with an electrolyte solution operatively associated with the first anode means and the first cathode means; and

c) housing a second electrochemical cell within the casing means comprising the step of;

i) providing a second anode means comprising alkali metal and electrically associating the alkali metal with a second anode current collector;

ii) providing a second cathode means of cathode active material and electrically associating the second cathode active material with a second cathode current collector; and

iii) activating the second electrochemical cell with the electrolyte solution operatively associated with the second anode means and the second cathode. means.

39. The method of claim 38 including providing the first electrochemical cell to be dischargeable under a substantially constant discharge rate and providing the second electrochemical cell to be dischargeable under a current pulse discharge application.

40. The method of claim 38 including electrically connecting the first and second anode current collectors to the casing means to provide a case-negative configuration for the first and second cells.

41. The method of claim 38 including electrically connecting either of the first and second anode current collectors to the casing means to provide a case-negative configuration for the corresponding first and second electrochemical cell and connecting the other of the first and second anode current collectors to an anode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

42. The method of claim 41 including electrically connecting both the first and second cathode current collectors to respective cathode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

43. The method of claim 38 including electrically connecting both the first and second anode current collectors connected to respective anode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

44. The method of claim 43 including electrically connecting both the first and second cathode current collectors to respective cathode terminal means electrically insulated from the casing means.

45. The method of claim 38 including providing the anode comprised of lithium.

46. The method of claim 38 including providing the electrolyte solution operatively associated with both the first and second electrochemical cells comprising an inorganic salt having the general formula MM'"'"'F₆ dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein M is an alkali metal similar to the alkali metal comprising at least one of the anode means and M'"'"' is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, arsenic and antimony.

47. The method of claim 46 including providing the alkali metal of both the first and second anode means comprising lithium and providing lithium hexafluorophosphate as the inorganic salt comprising the electrolyte solution.

48. The method of claim 46 including providing the nonaqueous solvent comprising an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, propylene carbonate, methyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, ethylene carbonate, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and mixtures thereof.

49. The method of claim 38 including selecting the cathode active material of both the first and second cathode means from the group consisting of silver vanadium oxide, copper silver vanadium oxide, manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, titanium disulfide, copper sulfide, iron sulfide, iron disulfide copper vanadium oxide, carbon and fluorinated carbon and mixtures thereof.