Battery capacity test and electronic system utilizing same

• US 5,646,509 A
• Filed: 12/01/1995
• Issued: 07/08/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/01/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Rosedahl, Todd J., Steele, Steven W., Berglund, Neil C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Law, Patrick B.
• Application Number:
  US08/565,873
• Time in Patent Office: 585 Days
• Field of Search: 320/13, 320/22, 320/39, 320/48, 307/34, 307/46, 307/48, 307/64, 307/66, 307/85, 307/86, 307/87, 324/432, 324/433, 364/707
• US Class Current: 713/321
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/16542 for batteries charge condition monitoring in G01R31/36
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0019 using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 320/21 State of charge of battery

Abstract

A battery capacity test and electronic system implementing the same tests both the high and low discharge capacities of a back-up battery to ensure that the battery is capable of handling both a short term, high discharge load and a long term, low discharge load. The battery capacity test is particularly suitable for use in an electronic system which, upon occurrence of a power outage, converts from an operational mode to a power saving mode during a conversion time. High discharge capacity testing is performed using a "safety net" where the primary power source of the electronic system is switched to a reduced testing voltage output, rather than shut off or disconnected, so that the primary power source can take over quickly in the event of a back-up power supply failure during the test.

Claims

1. A method of testing a battery in a back-up power supply of an electronic system of the type operating in a first, operational mode and a second, power saving mode, the electronic system having a primary power source for providing power to the electronic system, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) testing a high discharge capacity for the battery to determine whether the battery is capable of supplying sufficient power to the electronic system during a conversion time in which the electronic system converts from the operational mode to the power saving mode; and

(b) testing a low discharge capacity for the battery to determine whether the battery is capable of supplying sufficient power to the electronic system during the power saving mode.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high discharge capacity testing step includes the steps of:

(a) discharging the battery at a high discharge rate for a high power time;

(b) after discharging the battery for the high power time, determining a test fail if a battery voltage output of the battery is less than a minimum test voltage, wherein the high power time and the minimum test voltage are selected to ensure the capability of the battery to supply sufficient power to the electronic system during the conversion time.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the discharging step includes the step of switching the system load of the computer system to the back-up power supply by lowering the output voltage of a regulator in the primary power source from an operating voltage to a testing voltage, and wherein the test fail determining step includes the step of resetting the regulator upon completion of the high discharge capacity testing step.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the switching step comprises the step of lowering the output of the regulator to a minimum regulator voltage.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of measuring a discharged capacity of the battery when the battery is discharging, wherein the discharged capacity relates to an amount of capacity discharged from the battery while testing.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the low discharge capacity testing step includes the steps of:

(a) discharging an end-of-life capacity from the battery;

(b) determining a test fail if the battery voltage output of the battery is less than a low voltage cutoff prior to discharging the end-of-life capacity from the battery, wherein the low voltage cutoff is related to a minimum voltage output from the battery before the battery is fully discharged; and

(c) determining a test pass if the end-of-life capacity is discharged from the battery before the battery voltage output of the battery falls below the low voltage cutoff.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the end-of-life capacity discharging step includes the steps of:

(a) calculating a low power time related to an amount of time necessary to discharge, at a low discharge rate, the end-of-life capacity from the battery less the discharged capacity previously discharged from the battery; and

(b) discharging the battery at the low discharge rate for the low power time.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of discharging the battery at the low discharge rate includes the steps of resetting the regulator and converting a battery charger in the back-up power supply to a battery discharger.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the end-of-life capacity discharging step further includes the steps of:

(a) before discharging the battery at the low discharge rate, discharging the battery at a high discharge rate until the battery voltage output of the battery falls below the minimum test voltage and a battery current output of the battery falls below a minimum test amperage; and

(b) determining a test pass and aborting the step of discharging the battery at the low discharge rate if the discharged capacity at the completion of discharging the battery at the high discharge rate is at least the end-of-life capacity.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the end-of-life capacity discharging step further includes the step of aborting the low discharge capacity testing step if a power outage is detected while discharging the battery at the high discharge rate, wherein the power outage is detected when a power bus voltage in the electronic system falls below a predetermined voltage.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the end-of-life capacity is about one half of a rated capacity for the battery.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic system is a minicomputer including means for completing critical tasks during the conversion time in the event of a power outage.

13. An electronic system of the type operating in a first, operational mode and a second, power saving mode, comprising:

(a) a primary power source for providing power over a system bus;

(b) a back-up power supply coupled to the system bus for providing power over the system bus when the primary power source is not operating, the back-up power supply including a battery; and

(c) a controller for testing the battery, the controller including;

(i) high discharge capacity testing means for testing a high discharge capacity of the battery to determine whether the battery is capable of supplying sufficient power to the electronic system during a conversion time in which the electronic system converts from the operational mode to the power saving mode; and

(ii) low discharge capacity testing means for testing a low discharge capacity of the battery to determine whether the battery is capable of supplying sufficient power to the electronic system during the power saving mode.

14. The electronic system of claim 13, wherein the electronic system is a minicomputer including:

(a) a primary power bus and a continuously powered memory bus, each coupled to the primary power source and the back-up power supply; and

(b) converting means for converting the minicomputer from the operational mode to the power saving mode during the conversion time in the event of a power outage, the converting means including means for completing critical tasks during the conversion time.

15. The electronic system of claim 13, wherein the primary power source includes a regulator which is switchable to operate at an operating voltage and a testing voltage, wherein the testing voltage is less than the operating voltage, and wherein the high discharge capacity testing means includes switching means for switching the system load for the electronic system to the battery by activating the regulator to output at the testing voltage.

16. The electronic system of claim 15, wherein the high discharge capacity testing means includes:

(a) timing means for controlling the switching means to switch the system load to the battery for a high power time; and

(b) means for indicating a test fail if a battery voltage output of the battery is less than a minimum test voltage, wherein the high power time and the minimum test voltage are selected to ensure the capability of the battery to supply sufficient power to the electronic system during the conversion time.

17. The electronic system of claim 16, wherein the controller further comprises accumulating means for measuring a discharged capacity of the battery when the battery is discharging, and wherein the low discharge capacity testing means includes:

(a) fast discharge means for controlling the switching means to switch the system load to the battery until the battery voltage output of the battery falls below the minimum test voltage and a battery current output of the battery falls below a minimum test amperage, the fast discharge means indicating a test pass if the discharged capacity measured by the accumulating means is at least an end-of-life capacity;

(b) slow discharge means for converting the back-up power supply to a battery discharger to source current from the battery at a low discharge rate for a low power time, wherein the low power time is related to an amount of time necessary to discharge, at the low discharge rate, the end-of-life capacity from the battery less the discharged capacity previously discharged from the battery, the slow discharge means indicating a test pass if the low power time passes before the battery voltage output of the battery falls below a low voltage cutoff, and the slow discharge means indicating a test fail if the battery voltage output of the battery is less than the low voltage cutoff prior to expiration of the low power time.

18. The electronic system of claim 17, wherein the fast discharge means aborts the low discharge capacity testing means in the event of a power outage.

19. The electronic system of claim 17, wherein the high power time is about 40 seconds and the conversion time is about two minutes.

20. A program storage device readable by an electronic system of the type operating in a first, operational mode and a second, power saving mode, the electronic system having a primary power source for providing power to the electronic system, the program storage device tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the electronic system to perform a method of testing a battery in a back-up power supply coupled to the electronic system, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) testing a high discharge capacity for the battery to determine whether the battery is capable of supplying sufficient power to the electronic system during a conversion time in which the electronic system converts from the operational mode to the power saving mode; and

(b) testing a low discharge capacity for the battery to determine whether the battery is capable of supplying sufficient power to the electronic system during the power saving mode.