System and method for the extractment of physiological signals
First Claim
1. A system for the enhancement of physiological signals for the measurement of blood oxygen in a subject, the system comprising:
- first and second light sources to direct light toward the subject, said first and second light sources producing first and second light signals of first and second wavelengths, respectively;
a light detector positioned to detect said first and second light signals after interaction with the subject and to generate first and second signals indicative of an intensity of said first and second detected light signals, respectively, said first generated signal having a first portion arising from light transmitted from said first source and a second portion arising from a first interference light source, said second generated signal having a first portion arising from light transmitted from said second source and a second portion arising from a second interference light source;
an adaptive signal processor having a signal input coupled to said light detector to receive said first generated signal, an adaptive filter having an input to receive a reference signal, and an output, and an error output to generate an error signal, wherein said error output is coupled to said adaptive filter to adjust said adaptive filter so that said error signal has a minimum value;
a storage location containing a mathematical relationship of said first and second portions of said first and second generated signals and a first ratio constant;
a reference signal generator to generate said reference signal based on an estimated value of said first ratio constant; and
a peak detector to receive an output signal from said adaptive signal processor and determine a calculated value for said first ratio constant corresponding to a first peak value of said output signal over a predetermined range of possible ratios, said reference signal generator generating said first portion of said first detected signal and said first portion of said second detected signal based on said mathematical relationship and said calculated value of said first ratio constant.
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Abstract
A technique for the accurate determination of artifact free pulse oximetry signals utilizes an adaptive signal processor and peak detector circuit. A reference signal for the adaptive signal processor is derived based on mathematical relations of the detected light signals and the true intensity of light signals. The derivation of the appropriate reference signal requires the determination of peak values for two ratio constants. The two ratio constants lie within a known physiological range of values. When the value of the ratio constants has been determined, the reference signal equals the true intensity. The output of the adaptive signal processor is provided to the peak detector. The peak detector subdivides the known physiological range into two intervals and determines in which interval a peak exists. The remaining interval is discarded, and the peak detector repeats the measurement on the remaining interval until a peak has been detected within the desired accuracy. The value corresponding to the detected peak is one of the ratio constants. In a second alternative embodiment, the output of the adaptive filter is fed directly to the peak detector to determine values for the two ratio constants. In yet a third embodiment, two adaptive signal processors are coupled to a ratio processor. The output of the ratio processor is at a minimum when the appropriate value is selected for each of the two ratio constants.
164 Citations
20 Claims
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1. A system for the enhancement of physiological signals for the measurement of blood oxygen in a subject, the system comprising:
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first and second light sources to direct light toward the subject, said first and second light sources producing first and second light signals of first and second wavelengths, respectively; a light detector positioned to detect said first and second light signals after interaction with the subject and to generate first and second signals indicative of an intensity of said first and second detected light signals, respectively, said first generated signal having a first portion arising from light transmitted from said first source and a second portion arising from a first interference light source, said second generated signal having a first portion arising from light transmitted from said second source and a second portion arising from a second interference light source; an adaptive signal processor having a signal input coupled to said light detector to receive said first generated signal, an adaptive filter having an input to receive a reference signal, and an output, and an error output to generate an error signal, wherein said error output is coupled to said adaptive filter to adjust said adaptive filter so that said error signal has a minimum value; a storage location containing a mathematical relationship of said first and second portions of said first and second generated signals and a first ratio constant; a reference signal generator to generate said reference signal based on an estimated value of said first ratio constant; and a peak detector to receive an output signal from said adaptive signal processor and determine a calculated value for said first ratio constant corresponding to a first peak value of said output signal over a predetermined range of possible ratios, said reference signal generator generating said first portion of said first detected signal and said first portion of said second detected signal based on said mathematical relationship and said calculated value of said first ratio constant. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method for the enhancement of physiological signals for the measurement of blood oxygen in a subject, the method comprising the steps of:
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directing light from first and second light sources of different wavelengths toward the subject; detecting signals from said first and second light sources after interaction with the subject and generating first and second signals corresponding to an intensity of said first and second detected signals, respectively, said first generated signal having a first portion arising from light transmitted from said first source and a second portion arising from a first interference light source, said second generated signal having a first portion arising from light transmitted from said second source and a second portion arising from a second interference light source; coupling said first generated signal to a signal input of an adaptive signal processor having an adaptive filter having an input to receive a reference signal, and an output, and an error output generating an error signal wherein said error signal is coupled to said adaptive filter to adjust said adaptive filter so that said error signal has a minimum value; coupling an output signal from said adaptive signal processor to a peak detector and calculating a first ratio value corresponding to a first detected peak value of said error signal over a predetermined range of possible ratio values; generating a first reference signal based on a mathematical relationship of said first and second portions of said first and second generated signals, and said first ratio value; and coupling said first reference signal to said adaptive filter input wherein said filter output generates said first portion of said first generated signal. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification