Battery charging system, stepping and interactively self-adjusting to the normal voltage of the battery

• US 5,691,623 A
• Filed: 11/27/1996
• Issued: 11/25/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Eleftherios Tsantilis
• Original Assignee: Eleftherios Tsantilis
• Inventors: Tsantilis, Eleftherios
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SHIN, KYUNG E
• Application Number:
  US08/757,190
• Time in Patent Office: 363 Days
• Field of Search: 320/39.32, 320/43, 320/44, 320/22, 320/21, 320/23, 320/24, 320/15, 320/16, 320/17, 320/18
• US Class Current: 320/155
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00038 using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors identification by mechanical connections H02J7/0045
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00041 in response to measured battery parameters, e.g. voltage, current or temperature profile
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007186 obtained with the battery disconnected from the charge or discharge circuit

Abstract

A charging system (1) for a variety of batteries (nominal voltage, capacity, chemical components), stepping, and self-adjusting to the top-of-charge voltage of the battery (12a) by interacting with the terminal voltage of this battery in each one of a series of periodic intervals (steps). CONTROL (2) means are provided for enabling signals (4) in predetermined subintervals in each periodic interval, to control the charging process. The charging voltage parameter in the running periodic interval is set by REFERENCE VOLTAGE (10) means, based on the sample of the terminal voltage of the battery taken by READING (5) means in the beginning of the running periodic interval and slightly amplified by a predetermined factor (25%). Thereafter VOLTAGE REGULATOR(15) means regulate the voltage of the charging current according to, as this set, charging voltage parameter. Every time a sample of the terminal voltage of the battery is taken, COMPARATOR (9) means compare this sample with the one taken in the previous periodic interval and, then, the charging is proceeding when this comparison has a predetermined result (or alternately a combination or combinations of results from comparisons of more parameters), otherwise the charging process terminates.

Claims

1. An integral fully automatic charging system, self-adjusting to a variety, of different voltage, capacity, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries having a battery voltage that varies with their state of charge, comprising:

control means, for timing a series of predetermined short duration, of the order of 6 min, periodic intervals of charging, wherein each one of said periodic intervals includes an initial subinterval of inactivity of predetermined short duration, of the order of 1 min, and for enabling various predetermined control signals, during the charging process;

reading means, responsive to a first plurality of selected signals of said various control signals enabled immediately after termination of said subinterval of inactivity and connected with the battery which is selected from said variety of different voltage, capacity, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries and connected each time to said charging system, for reading in each one of said periodic intervals, the battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter as a parameter associated with said connected battery, and wherein said reading means includes means for sampling said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter in each said periodic interval and holding said sampled battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter, at least, until after another said sampling and holding of said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter has been carried out in the next said periodic interval;

comparator means, connected to said reading means and responsive to a second plurality of selected signals of said various control signals, enabled after termination of said subinterval of inactivity, following said first plurality of selected signals, for comparing said sampled and held battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter of the running said periodic interval, with said sampled and held battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter of the immediately previous said periodic interval, and wherein said comparator means, includes means, for effecting termination of said charging process, based upon evidence that there is no increase in the value of said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter of any battery type--selected from said variety, of different voltage, current, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries, and connected each time to said charging system--sampled and held in the running said periodic interval, compared to the value of said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter of said connected battery sampled and held in the immediately previous said periodic interval, or based upon evidence that, for a limited predetermined number of repetitions, said value of said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter sampled and held in the running said periodic interval is equal to the value of said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter of said connected battery sampled and held in the immediately previous said periodic interval;

reference voltage means, connected to said reading means, responsive to a third plurality of selected signals of said various control signals, enabled if said comparator means has not effected termination of said charging process, for setting, independently in each one of said periodic intervals, the charging voltage parameter associated with the voltage of the charging current under which is charged a different voltage type battery--selected from said variety, of different voltage, current, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries, and connected each time to said charging system--said charging voltage parameter being set based on said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter of any different voltage type battery--selected from variety, of different voltage, current, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries, and connected each time to said charging system--amplified slightly higher by a predetermined factor of the order of 1.25, constant for all of said periodic intervals, said battery'"'"'s terminal voltage parameter being sampled and held in the corresponding said periodic interval; and

charging means, connected to said reference voltage means and coupled to said connected battery, for allowing, in each one of said periodic intervals, the magnitude of said charging current, under regulated said voltage of the charging current in accordance with said charging voltage parameter of the corresponding said periodic interval, to vary according to internal resistance of any different capacity type battery--selected from said variety, of different voltage, current, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries, and connected each time to said charging system--at its actual charging state.

2. A charging system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising means, connected to said control means, for switching the connection of said charging system with one battery of a series of predetermined number of said variety of different voltage, current, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries, every time said charging process of the connected said one battery is terminated, with the next one battery of said series of predetermined number of said variety of different voltage, current, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries and effecting restarting of said charging process with this recently connected battery of said series of predetermined number of said variety of different voltage, current, chemistry and construction design types, of rechargeable batteries.