Projectile motion parameter determination device using successive approximation and high measurement angle speed sensor

• US 5,700,204 A
• Filed: 06/17/1996
• Issued: 12/23/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Rein S. Teder
• Original Assignee: Rein S. Teder
• Inventors: Teder, Rein S.
• Primary Examiner(s): MANUEL, GEORGE C
• Application Number:
  US08/668,431
• Time in Patent Office: 554 Days
• Field of Search: 473/198, 473/199, 473/200, 473/407, 473/131, 364/460, 364/560, 364/561, 364/562, 342/42, 342/104, 342/125
• US Class Current: 473/199
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 2024/0034 during flight
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 24/0021 Tracking a path or terminating locations
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 69/3658 Means associated with the ball for indicating or measuring, e.g. speed, direction
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 69/38 for tennis A63B61/006, A63B69/0073 and A63B69/0097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/589 measuring the velocity vector
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/88 Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and method for determining parameters of motion regarding a struck projectile. The invention has particular application to determining the launch parameters of a golf ball struck by a golf club. A Doppler microwave speed sensor measures the apparent speed of a struck golf ball, which is the true speed of the ball subtended onto a radial from the sensor to the ball. The speed sensor is positioned a substantial lateral distance from a straight aim line, and the sensor'"'"'s microwave beam is wide. As a result of this deployment, and in contrast to the typical usage of microwave speed sensors, the apparent speed measured by the sensor differs significantly from the true speed of the ball. The measured apparent speed results from a complicated interaction of initial ball speed, loft angle, and aim angle. A computer connected to the sensor acquires measured apparent speed data into an array. Within the computer, a trajectory prediction algorithm is capable of predicting an array of apparent speeds which would result from a given set of launch conditions. An error function is capable of ascertaining how well predicted apparent speeds match actual acquired speeds. A search algorithm uses the trajectory prediction algorithm and the error function to try a succession of progressively better guesses of launch parameters. Those launch parameters, comprised of initial ball speed, loft angle, and aim angle, which best account for the acquired apparent speed data are reported by the computer as the actual launch parameters. An impact detection device is configured to detect the impact of club on ball within a window of time in which such impact is plausible. The computer will not report launch parameters if a comparison using the error function indicates that the acquired data was likely the result of interference from an extraneous golf ball.

Claims

1. An apparatus for determining at least one parameter regarding the motion of a projectile struck by a piece of sporting equipment, said apparatus comprising:

a) a radial speed measuring device, wherein said radial speed measuring device measures a component of the true speed of said projectile subtending a radial from said radial speed measuring device to said projectile, whereby said component forms an apparent speed of said projectile;

b) memory means for storing data;

c) acquisition means, operatively coupled to said radial speed measuring device and to said memory means, for acquiring a plurality of apparent speeds of said projectile, wherein at least some of the plurality of apparent speeds differs substantially from the corresponding true speeds of said projectile; and

d) computing means for determining the parameter, said computing means using at least some of the acquired plurality of apparent speeds differing substantially from the corresponding true speeds of said projectile to determine the parameter.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said radial speed measuring device comprises a microwave transceiver.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said microwave transceiver further comprises:

a) radiation emitting means for emitting a beam of radiation, wherein said beam of radiation is wide, thereby facilitating the acquisition a plurality of apparent speeds differing substantially from the corresponding true speeds of said projectile; and

b) radiation receiving means.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising a signal level sensing means operatively coupled to said radiation receiving means.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the projectile comprises a golf ball, and the piece of sporting equipment comprises a golf club.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising a second radial speed measuring device, said second radial speed measuring device comprising a microwave transceiver.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the parameter is selected from the group consisting of the aim angle of the struck golf ball, the loft angle of the struck golf ball, and the initial speed of the struck golf ball.

8. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising;

a) impact detecting means for detecting an impact of the club on the ball;

b) window determining means for determining a window of time within which the impact of the club on the ball is plausible, said window determining means using at least some of the acquired plurality of apparent speeds differing substantially from the corresponding true speeds of said projectile to determine the window; and

c) means for ascertaining whether the impact of the club on the ball occurred within said window of time.

9. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the computing means comprises a successive approximation means.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said successive approximation means comprises:

a) trajectory prediction means for predicting a predicted plurality of apparent speeds which would arise from an estimated set of launch parameters; and

b) solution finding means which utilizes said trajectory prediction means to determine a set of estimated launch parameters which best accounts for the acquired plurality of apparent speeds.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said solution finding means comprises:

a) an error function means for generating an error value indicative of how well said predicted plurality of speeds matches the acquired apparent speeds; and

b) search algorithm means which uses said error function means for selecting progressively better estimates of launch parameters.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a threshold sensing means for determining whether said error value exceeds a predetermined threshold.

13. An apparatus for determining at least one parameter regarding the motion of a projectile struck by a piece of sporting equipment into a practice region, said practice region having a straight aim line, said apparatus comprising:

a) a radial speed measuring device, deployed a substantial lateral distance from said straight aim line or an extension thereof, wherein said radial speed measuring device measures a component of the true speed of said projectile subtending a radial from said radial speed measuring device to said projectile, whereby said component forms an apparent speed of said projectile;

b) memory means for storing data;

c) acquisition means, operatively coupled to said radial speed measuring device and to said memory means for storing dam, for acquiring a plurality of apparent speeds of said projectile; and

d) computing means for determining said parameter regarding the motion of said projectile, said computing means using at least some of the acquired plurality of apparent speeds.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said radial speed measuring device comprises a microwave transceiver.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the projectile comprises a golf ball, and the piece of sporting equipment comprises a golf club.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a tee-off location which is substantially predetermined with respect to the location of said radial speed sensing device.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said radial speed measuring device is located at least four feet from the straight aim line of the golf ball or an extension thereof.

18. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the parameter is selected from the group consisting of the aim angle of the struck golf ball, the loft angle of the struck golf ball, and the initial speed of the struck golf ball.

19. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a second radial speed measuring device, said second radial speed measuring device comprising a microwave transceiver.

20. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the computing means comprises a successive approximation means.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said successive approximation means comprises:

a) trajectory prediction means for predicting a predicted plurality of apparent speeds which would arise from an estimated set of launch parameters; and

b) solution finding means which utilizes said trajectory prediction means to determine a set of estimated launch parameters which best accounts for the acquired plurality of apparent speeds.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said solution finding means comprises:

a) an error function means for generating an error value indicative of how well said predicted plurality of speeds matches the acquired apparent speeds; and

b) search algorithm means which uses said error function means for selecting progressively better estimates of launch parameters.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a threshold sensing means for determining whether said error value exceeds a predetermined threshold.

24. An apparatus for determining at least one parameter regarding the motion of a projectile smack by a piece of sporting equipment, said apparatus comprising:

a) a radial speed measuring device, wherein said radial speed measuring device measures a component of the true speed of said projectile subtending a radial from said radial speed measuring device to said projectile, whereby said component forms an apparent speed of said projectile;

b) memory means for storing data;

c) acquisition means, operatively coupled to said speed measuring device and to said memory means, for acquiring a plurality of apparent speeds of said projectile; and

d) computing means for determining said parameter regarding the motion of said projectile, said computing means using at least some of the acquired plurality of apparent speeds, said computing means comprising a successive approximation means.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said radial speed measuring device comprises a microwave transceiver.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said projectile comprises a golf ball, and said piece of sporting equipment comprises a golf club.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 further comprising a second radial speed measuring device, said second radial speed measuring device comprising a microwave transceiver.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the parameter is selected from the group consisting of the aim angle of the struck golf ball, the loft angle of the struck golf ball, and the initial speed of the struck golf ball.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said successive approximation means comprises:

a) trajectory prediction means for predicting a predicted plurality of apparent speeds which would arise from an estimated set of launch parameters; and

b) solution finding means which utilizes said trajectory prediction means to determine a set of estimated launch parameters which best accounts for the acquired plurality of apparent speeds.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said solution finding means comprises:

a) an error function means for generating an error value indicative of how well said predicted plurality of speeds matches the acquired apparent speeds; and

b) search algorithm means which uses .said error function means for selecting progressively better estimates of launch parameters.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising a threshold sensing means for determining whether said error value exceeds a predetermined threshold.