Pipeline breakage sensing system and sensing method

• US 5,708,195 A
• Filed: 07/03/1996
• Issued: 01/13/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 07/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Shimauchi, Shigeyuki, Yoda, Mikio, Kurisu, Hiromitsu, Sekozawa, Teruji
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): WIGGINS, JOHN DAVID
• Application Number:
  US08/675,117
• Time in Patent Office: 559 Days
• Field of Search: 73/40.5 R, 73/40, 73/40.5 A, 73/592, 340/605
• US Class Current: 73/40.50R
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 5/02 Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 3/2815 using pressure measurements

Abstract

A pipeline breakage sensing system includes a plurality of pressure sensors installed on pipelines to measure pressure of a fluid. Each of these pressure sensors presumes a breakage location in cooperation with other neighboring sensors on the basis of a pressure change of the fluid and transmits information relating to the presumed breakage location. The pipeline breakage sensing system further includes a pressure sensor for detecting the occurrence of a seismic earthquake event, in addition to a managing center for sensing a breakage location on the basis of information transmitted from respective pressure sensors and by calculating a time correlated comparison between the superimposed pressure readings from neighboring pressure sensors used to detect the occurrence of such a fluid pressure change. Thereby, breakage of a pipeline network is sensed and the quantity of flow delivered through an affected pipeline is adjusted, stopped or regulated by control of one or more valves in accordance with a predetermined, weighted system of fluid flow requirements, customer ordered priorities and customer demand levels.

Claims

1. A pipeline breakage sensing method for sensing breakage occurring in a pipeline network formed by pipelines installed so as to form a network, said pipeline breakage sensing method comprising the steps of:

installing, on said pipelines, a leak detector comprising a communication circuit connected to each of a plurality of pressure sensors for supplying pressure wave data sensed by any of the plurality of pressure sensors to a predetermined pressure sensor, said plurality of pressure sensors detecting pressure of a fluid flowing through each pipeline wherein each pressure sensor includes a microprocessor for calculating statistical presumption of any possible breakage;

in response to detection of a pressure change of at least a predetermined value in said fluid by one of said pressure sensors, inputting information relating to a pressure change of another predetermined pressure sensor to the microprocessor of said one of said pressure sensors for the purpose of performing a correlating and comparing step on the pressure change outputs of the two predetermined pressure sensors; and

sensing a breakage location of the pipelines by using the inputted information and detected information.

2. A pipeline breakage sensing method according to claim 1, wherein said pipeline network has a plurality of valves for controlling a flow quantity of said fluid, and said pipeline breakage sensing method further comprises the step of adjusting, in response to sensing breakage of a pipeline, the flow quantity of said fluid by using a valve corresponding to a sensed breakage location.

3. A pipeline breakage sensing method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of:

storing degree of influence of each valve on customers beforehand, and

determining a valve for adjusting the flow quantity of said fluid according to stored contents.

4. A pipeline breakage sensing method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

providing value rating and control information for each pipeline in said network beforehand with priority order according to degree of influence of each pipeline on customers; and

giving commands of restoration works according to said priority order.

5. A pipeline breakage sensing method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

detecting time of a pressure change according to said inputting information relating to the pressure change; and

sensing a breakage location on the basis of the detected time and time of a pressure change detected by other pressure sensors.

6. A pipeline breakage sensing method according to claim 1, wherein said other pressure sensors neighbor said one of said pressure sensors.

18. A pipeline breakage sensing method according to claim 1, wherein said sensing a breakage location of the pipelines by using the inputted information and detected information occurs in a case where a plurality of said pipelines are extended from said one of said pressure sensors, only said one of said pressure sensors deriving coincident presumption results from communication with all neighboring sensors.

19. A pipeline breakage sensing method according to claim 18, wherein a dedicated seismometer type of pressure sensor which has felt at least a predetermined seismic intensity is also connected into the plurality of said pressure sensors used to sense a breakage location of a pipeline.

7. A pipeline breakage sensing method for sensing breakage occurring in a pipeline network formed by pipelines installed so as to form a network, said pipeline breakage sensing method comprising the steps of:

installing, on said pipelines, a leak detector comprising a communication circuit connected to each of a plurality of pressure sensors for supplying pressure wave data sensed by any of the plurality of pressure sensors to a predetermined pressure sensor, said plurality of pressure sensors detecting pressure of a fluid flowing through each pipeline wherein each pressure sensor includes a microprocessor for calculating statistical presumption of any possible breakage;

in response to detection of a pressure change of at least a predetermined value in said fluid by one of said pressure sensors, inputting information relating to a pressure change of another predetermined pressure sensor to the microprocessor of said one of said pressure sensors for the purpose of performing a correlating and comparing step on the pressure change outputs of the two predetermined pressure sensors;

sensing a breakage location of the pipelines by using the inputted information and detected information; and

wherein a dedicated seismometer type of pressure sensor which has felt at least a predetermined seismic intensity is also connected into the plurality of said pressure sensors used to sense a breakage location of a pipeline.

8. A pipeline breakage sensing system having a plurality of pressure sensors installed on pipelines forming a network, pressure of a fluid flowing in said pipelines being measured by said plurality of pressure sensors, said pipeline breakage sensing system comprising:

each of said pressure sensors having a microprocessor that calculates an output signal presuming a breakage location in cooperation with time correlated output signals of other neighboring sensors on the basis of a pressure change of said fluid and transmitting information relating to the presumed breakage location; and

a managing center for sensing a breakage location on the basis of information transmitted from respective pressure sensors.

9. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claim 8, each of said pressure sensors comprising:

a buffer for temporarily holding time series data of measured pressure;

a wave memory, responsive to a change of at least a predetermined value in the pressure of said fluid, for storing, out of time series data stored in said buffer, time series data measured before the change of pressure and time series data measured after the change of pressure; and

a processor, responsive to storage into said wave memory, for presuming a breakage location of said pipelines and a leak quantity caused by the breakage on the basis of the time series data stored in said wave memory and time series data stored in wave memories of sensors neighboring said pressure sensor.

10. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claim 9, wherein when storage into said wave memory is started, one of said pressure sensors including said wave memory transmits information relating to a breakage location presumed by said processor to said managing center.

13. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claims 8, wherein said managing center comprises:

a leak information accumulator for accumulating pressure data stored in said wave memory;

an alarm generator, responsive to transmission from said pressure sensors, for informing a monitoring person of occurrence of a leak; and

a parameter manager for adjusting parameters to be used by said pressure sensors for presumption.

14. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claim 8, further comprising an alarm generator for informing a monitoring person of occurrence of a leak according to contents of time series data stored in said wave memory.

15. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claim 8, wherein said pressure sensors are disposed on branch points of said pipeline network.

16. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claim 8, wherein said pipeline network comprises valves for adjusting flow quantity, and

said managing center adjusts opening of said valves according to predetermined priority orders and customer demands of affected pipelines disposed near a sensed breakage location.

11. A pipeline breakage sensing system having a plurality of pressure sensors installed on pipelines forming a network, pressure of a fluid flowing in said pipelines being measured by said plurality of pressure sensors, said pipeline breakage sensing system comprising:

each of said pressure sensors having a microprocessor that calculates an output signal presuming a breakage location in cooperation with timed correlated output signals of other neighboring sensors on the basis of a pressure change of said fluid and transmitting information relating to the presumed breakage location;

a managing center for sensing a breakage location on the basis of information transmitted from respective pressure sensors;

each of said pressure sensors comprising;

a buffer for temporarily holding time series data of measured pressure;

a wave memory, responsive to a change of at least a predetermined value in the pressure of said fluid, for storing, out of time series data stored in said buffer, time series data measured before the change of pressure and time series data measured after the change of pressure;

a processor, responsive to storage into said wave memory, for presuming a breakage location of said pipeline and a leak quantity caused by the breakage on the basis of the time series data stored in said wave memory and time series data stored in wave memories of sensors neighboring said pressure sensor; and

wherein each of said pressure sensors comprises a seismometer, responsive to feeling of at least a predetermined seismic intensity, for starting storage of said time series data into said wave memory.

12. A pipeline breakage sensing system having a plurality of pressure sensors installed on pipelines forming a network, pressure of a fluid flowing in said pipelines being measured by said plurality of pressure sensors, said pipeline breakage sensing system comprising:

each of said pressure sensors having a microprocessor that calculates an output signal presuming a breakage location in cooperation with timed correlated output signals of other neighboring sensors on the basis of a pressure change of said fluid and transmitting information relating to the presumed breakage location;

a managing center for sensing a breakage location on the basis of information transmitted from respective pressure sensors;

each of said pressure sensors comprising;

a buffer for temporarily holding time series data of measured pressure;

a wave memory, responsive to a change of at least a predetermined value in the pressure of said fluid, for storing, out of time series data stored in said buffer, time series data measured before the change of pressure and time series data measured after the change of pressure;

a processor, responsive to storage into said wave memory, for presuming a breakage location of said pipelines and a leak quantity caused by the breakage or the basis of the time series data stored in said wave memory and time series data stored in wave memories of sensors neighboring said pressure sensor; and

wherein said managing center comprises;

a seismometer for sensing occurrence of an earthquake and generating a data holding output signal; and

a leak information accumulator, responsive to a signal supplied from said seismometer, for accumulating pressure data stored in said wave memory.

17. A pipeline breakage sensing system for sensing breakage of a pipeline in a gas conveying pipeline network, comprising:

a plurality of acoustic wave emission sensors installed in pipelines of said pipeline network to sense supersonic waves generated within said conveyed gas upon occurrence of a leak of gas at a break in said pipeline; and

upon sensing said supersonic waves, each of said acoustic wave emission sensors presuming a breakage location in cooperation with the time correlated output results obtained by one or more other neighboring acoustic wave emission sensors among said plurality of acoustic waves emission sensors.

20. A pipeline breakage sensing system having a plurality of pressure sensors installed on pipelines forming a network, pressure of a fluid flowing in said pipelines being measured by said plurality of pressure sensors, said pipeline breakage sensing system comprising:

each of said pressure sensors having a microprocessor that calculates an output signal presuming a breakage location in cooperation with time correlated output signals of other neighboring sensors in a case where a plurality of said pipelines are extended from said one of pressure sensors, on the basis of a pressure change of said fluid and transmitting information relating to the presumed breakage location, only said one of said pressure sensors deriving coincident presumption results from communication with all neighboring sensors; and

a managing center for sensing a breakage location on the basis of information transmitted from respective pressure sensors of said plurality of pressure sensors.

21. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claim 20, wherein each of said pressure sensors comprises a seismometer, responsive to feeling of at least a predetermined seismic intensity, for starting storage of said time series data into said wave memory.

22. A pipeline breakage sensing system according to claim 20, wherein said managing center include:

a wave memory for storing a time series data of measured pressure, and

a wave memory for storing a time series data of measured pressure; and

,

a seismometer for sensing occurrence of an earthquake and generating a data holding output signal; and

a leak information accumulator, responsive to a signal supplied from said seismometer, for accumulating pressure data stored in said wave memory.

23. A pipeline breakage sensing system for sensing breakage of a pipeline in a gas conveying pipeline network, comprising:

a plurality of acoustic wave emission sensors installed in pipelines of said pipeline network to sense supersonic waves generated upon a leak of gas; and

upon sensing said supersonic waves, each of said acoustic wave emission sensors presuming a breakage location in cooperation with the time correlated output results obtained by one or more other neighboring acoustic wave emission sensors among said plurality of acoustic wave emission sensors where a plurality of pipelines are extended from said each of said acoustic wave emission sensors, only said each of said acoustic wave emission sensors deriving coincident presumption results from communication with all neighboring acoustic wave emission sensors.