Reflective wetness detector

• US 5,708,278 A
• Filed: 05/13/1996
• Issued: 01/13/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/13/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics Inc. (Johnson & Johnson)
• Original Assignee: Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics Inc. (Johnson & Johnson)
• Inventors: Lowne, Alan John
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, QUE TAN
• Application Number:
  US08/648,234
• Time in Patent Office: 610 Days
• Field of Search: 250/559.4, 250/559.41, 250/559.44, 250/559.45, 250/574, 250/576, 250/214 R, 250/214 A, 250/214 LA, 250/214 RC, 250/339.11, 250/341.8, 356/440, 356/448, 356/239, 356/240, 356/41, 330/136, 330/59, 330/308, 333/14
• US Class Current: 250/559.4
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/55 Specular reflectivity
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/86 Investigating moving sheets G01N21/89 takes precedence

Abstract

A reflective wetting or spot detecting system incorporates a light emitting diode and a solid state photo sensor arranged on the same side of a medium being analyzed. The sensor is carried at one end of an elongated housing with a linear channel extending through. The channel is oriented on a line that is normal to the medium being analyzed. The channel functions as a lensless, passive focuser of reflected radiant energy. The source of radiant energy is located at an acute angle with respect to the medium. A conditioning circuit is coupled to the output of the sensor. The conditioning circuitry includes a current-to-voltage converter, a signal reducing stage, an amplifying stage and a comparator. The signal reducing stage reduces the voltage signal, produced by the current voltage converter, a predetermined amount, thereby effectively providing the amplifier stage with a greater dynamic range than it would have otherwise had. The output from the amplifier stage charges a capacitor with first and second different time constants depending on whether a medium to be analyzed is present or not. Output from the comparator circuitry drives output amplifiers to provide a digital signal indicative of a wetting or spotting event.

Claims

1. A circuit for detecting wetting of a test element using a light emitting diode and photodiode positioned to detect light from the test element by reflectance only, the circuit comprising:

an amplifier to amplify a change in detected light reflectance wherein said amplifier has a first dynamic range and wherein said amplifier includes limiter circuitry to limit said change in detected light reflectance thereby producing a second, larger, dynamic range for said amplifier; and

a conditioning circuit disposed to receive an output from said amplifier, wherein said circuit includes a capacitor, a voltage comparator and at least one diode effective to charge the capacitor at a first rate in response to the initial presence of a test element and then at a second, lower, rate.

2. A circuit as in claim 1 which includes:

a resistor coupled to said capacitor to maintain a charge on said capacitor.

3. A circuit as in claim 1 which includes a current-to-voltage converter coupled between the photodiode and said amplifier.

4. A circuit as in claim 1 which includes comparator circuitry coupled to the photodiode for generating a signal indicative of the presence of the test element.

5. A circuit as in claim 1 wherein said conditioning circuit includes a comparator and a non-linear feedback element wherein when said comparator switches from a first state to a second state, said feedback element conducts and maintains said second state.

6. A reflective detector of a wetting event on a region of a test medium, the detector comprising:

a solid state source of a beam of radiant energy wherein said beam is incident on the region at an angle less than ninety degrees;

a solid state sensor of radiant energy reflected from the region wherein said sensor is oriented normal to at least a part of the region and wherein said sensor generates on electrical signal indicative of the detected, reflected, radiant energy; and

an amplifier circuit coupled to said sensor wherein said amplifier has a first dynamic range and includes circuitry for expanding said first dynamic range to a second, greater, dynamic range.

7. A detector as in claim 6 which includes comparator circuitry, coupled to said amplifier circuit, for comparing a signal from said amplifier to a variable threshold wherein said threshold changes at first and second, different, rates.

8. A detector as in claim 7 which includes a non-linear feedback element coupled to said comparator for clamping a comparator input signal to a first state in response to a predetermined output from said comparator.

9. A detector as in claim 6 which includes a housing wherein said housing defines an internal, substantially closed, region wherein said sensor is located on said normal, in said region displaced a predetermined distance from the wetted region.

10. A detector as in claim 6 which includes circuitry for generating a signal indicative of the presence of the test medium.

11. A detector as in claim 6 which includes a conditioning circuit, coupled to said amplifier circuit, wherein said conditioning circuit generates a threshold voltage which has a first rate of change in response to a first condition and a second, lower, rate of change in response to a different condition.

12. A reflective apparatus for detecting a wetting event on a region of a test medium comprising:

a hollow housing having first and second ends and defining an internal channel therebetween wherein said channel extends substantially perpendicular to the medium with one end closer to the medium than the other;

a sensor coupled to said other end;

a solid state source of radiant energy, oriented at an acute angle relative to the medium and on the same side thereof as said housing;

conditioning circuitry for detecting a wetting event on the medium, indicated by a drop in reflected radiant energy wherein said circuitry includes threshold establishing circuitry with first and second establishing rates.

13. An apparatus as in claim 12 which includes a comparator having first and second inputs and an output wherein one of said inputs is coupled to said threshold establishing circuitry.

14. An apparatus as in claim 13 which includes a non-linear feedback element coupled between said output and said other input.

15. A media analysis system comprising:

a media transport unit;

an injection unit for depositing a wetting fluid on a portion of a medium being analyzed;

a solid state source of radiant energy for directing a beam of radiant energy toward the medium at an acute angle;

a solid state sensor of radiant energy reflect from the medium wherein said sensor is perpendicular to a line normal to the medium; and

conditioning circuitry, coupled to said sensor, wherein said circuitry includes a comparator for comparing a signal indicative of reflected radiant energy to a variable threshold value wherein said value is established at first and second rates wherein said rates are different.

16. A method of detecting a wetting event on a medium comprising:

directing radiant energy toward an analysis location;

moving a medium to the location;

detecting radiant energy reflected from the medium along a line normal to the medium;

establishing a variable threshold value as the medium is moved to the location wherein the value is established, in part, at a first rate as the medium is moved to the location and at a second, lower rate, when the medium is at the location;

producing a signal indicative of reflected radiant energy when the medium is at the location;

depositing a fluid into at least a portion of the medium;

comparing the signal to the variable threshold, and, in response to a drop in reflected radiant energy due to said deposited fluid, generating an output, wetting event indicating signal.