Virtual noise radar waveform for reduced radar detectability

• US 5,719,579 A
• Filed: 05/30/1996
• Issued: 02/17/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hazeltine Corporation (BAE Systems Plc), Systems & Electronics Incorporated (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: ESCO Electronics Corporation
• Inventors: Torre, Frank M., Agne, Craig L., Kremer, Larry R., Ziegler, John A., Sauer, Mark F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US08/656,863
• Time in Patent Office: 628 Days
• Field of Search: 342/13, 342/130, 342/194, 342/200, 375/200
• US Class Current: 342/13
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/222 using random or pseudorandom pulse repetition frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/32 using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/44 Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/0281 LPI, Low Probability of Intercept radar
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/282 Transmitters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/285 Receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/35 Details of non-pulse systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/36 Means for anti-jamming , e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures

Abstract

Apparatus (10) for generating a radar waveform (W). A noise generator (20) generates a series of pulses in a pseudo-random pattern, and a frequency generator (16) generates a carrier wave having a frequency within a predetermined band of frequencies. The carrier wave is modulated with the pseudo-random pattern of pulses, and the resulting modulated carrier wave passed through both a filter (30) and an attenuator (32) to suppress any discernible feature or signal characteristics of the resulting waveform. The modulated carrier is transmitted by an antenna (42) and a received return signal is processed by a signal processor (100) to obtain pertinent information about a target. The transmitted waveform has no discernible attributes by which the waveform, if processed and analyzed by someone else'"'"'s radar detector (E) would convey any intelligence as to the presence or source of the transmitted waveform.

Claims

1. Apparatus for generating a radar waveform comprising:

generation means for generating a series of pulses in a pseudo-random pattern and for combining said pulses to produce an offset frequency signal;

carrier means for generating a carrier wave having a frequency within a predetermined band of frequencies;

means for modulating said carrier wave with said offset frequency signal;

means for suppressing the characteristics of the resulting modulated waveform; and

,

propagation means for transmitting said resulting waveform and for receiving a return waveform, said transmitted waveform having no discernible attributes by which said waveform, if received and analyzed by a detection means other than said propagation means, would convey any intelligence as to the presence of the transmitted waveform or the source thereof.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further including means for processing the received return waveform to obtain pertinent information about a target at which the transmitted waveform is directed.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said generating means includes an in-phase and a quadrature-phase psuedo-random noise generator for generating respective in-phase and quadrature-phase code sequences, means for filtering the respective sequences, means for delaying one of the filtered sequences as a function of an axis chip length, and means for modulating the resulting in-phase and quadrature-phase sequences to produce said offset frequency.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said means for generating said in-phase and quadrature-phase code sequences has a code rate at least four times that required for the information bandwidth of a transmitted waveform.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said carrier means includes a stable frequency reference and a synthesizer supplied by said stable reference for generating said carrier wave.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said suppression means includes a narrow bandwidth filter for filtering the modulated waveform.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said filter is a filter whose output bandwidth is approximately ten percent of the input bandwidth.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the output bandwidth of said filter corresponds to the information bandwidth of the transmitted waveform.

9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said suppression means further includes attenuation means for attenuating the modulated waveform output from the filter.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said attenuation means includes an attenuator capable of attenuating said modulated waveform approximately 30 db.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 further including feedback means for monitoring the signal strength of a return waveform and adjusting the attenuation of said attenuator so the return waveform has sufficient signal strength to be processed to obtain information therefrom.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said propagation means includes an antenna for transmitting said receiving said radar waveform.

13. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said processing means includes means for performing an autocorrelation on the received return signal to obtain target information.

14. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said carrier means includes means for frequency hopping the carrier frequency from one frequency at one portion of a frequency band to another frequency at another portion of the band.

15. Apparatus for generating a virtual noise waveform comprising:

generation means for generating a series of coded digital electrical pulses in a pseudo-random pattern;

means for modulating a carrier wave with the pulses to produce a modulated waveform;

means filtering the resulting modulated waveform for an output waveform from the filter to fall within a null portion of the filter for the waveform energy of the output from the filter to be at a minimum level, the bandwidth of the filtered waveform being sufficient to enable the waveform to obtain desired information when directed at an area of interest; and

,

attenuation means attenuating the filtered waveform to sufficiently suppress any remaining features of the waveform so to produce a virtual noise waveform which will appear as a random noise signal having no discernible attributes and conveying no information about the waveform or its source.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 further including coherent exciter means for generating said carrier wave and including a stable frequency reference and a synthesizer supplied by said stable reference for generating said carrier wave.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said filter has an output bandwidth approximately ten percent of its input bandwidth.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said attenuation means includes an attenuator capable of attenuating said modulated waveform approximately 30 db.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said attenuation means further includes feedback means monitoring the signal strength of a return radar waveform and adjusting the attenuation of said attenuator so the return waveform has sufficient signal strength to be processed to obtain information therefrom.

20. The apparatus of claim 15 further including means for transmitting and receiving said virtual noise waveform and for processing a received virtual noise waveform to obtain information about a target illuminated by the transmitted virtual noise waveform.

21. A method of generating a virtual noise waveform comprising:

generating a first and a second series of digital pulses in a pseudo-random pattern;

combining said respective series of pulses to produce an offset frequency;

modulating a carrier wave with the offset frequency to produce a modulated waveform; and

, suppressing the characteristics of the resulting modulated waveform for the waveform to have no discernible attributes which would convey any information about the existence of the waveform or its source.

22. The method of claim 21 further including:

transmitting said virtual noise waveform at a target of interest;

receiving a return waveform from the target; and

,

processing said return waveform to obtain information about said target.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein suppressing the characteristics of the modulated waveform includes propagating the modulated waveform through a filter for an output from the filter to fall within a null portion of the filter whereby the resultant waveform energy is at a minimum level.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein propagating the modulated waveform through a filter includes propagation through a filter the bandwidth of which is sufficient for the filtered waveform to obtain desired information about the target of interest.

25. The method of claim 23 wherein suppressing the characteristics of the modulated waveform further includes attenuating the filtered waveform by propagating the filtered waveform through an attenuator to sufficiently suppress any features of the waveform so the resultant waveform appears as noise, and no discernible attributes for conveying information about the waveform or its source.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein attenuating the filtered waveform includes monitoring the signal strength of a return radar waveform and adjusting the attenuation of said attenuator so the signal strength of a transmitted virtual noise waveform is such that the return waveform has sufficient signal strength to be processed to obtain information therefrom.

27. The method of claim 22 wherein processing the return waveform includes performing an autocorrelation thereon.

28. A method of generating a radar waveform comprising:

generating an in-phase series and a quadrature-phase series of coded pulse sequences in a pseudo-random pattern;

combining the two series of coded pulse sequences into an offset frequency;

generating a carrier wave having a frequency within a predetermined frequency band;

modulating said carrier wave with said offset frequency;

filtering the modulated waveform so the waveform energy is concentrated within a narrow bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth required for information gathering, the energy of the resulting filtered waveform being substantially less than that of the unfiltered modulated waveform;

attenuating the filtered waveform to suppress any features therein and to eliminate any discernible features of the filtered waveform; and

,

transmitting the resulting waveform and receiving a return waveform, said transmitted waveform, if received and analyzed by a detection means other than that associated with the source of the waveform, appearing as a random noise signal having no discernible attributes and conveying no information about the waveform or its source.

29. The method of claim 28 further including processing the received return waveform to obtain pertinent information about a target at which the transmitted waveform is directed.

30. The method of claim 29 wherein filtering the modulated waveform includes propagating the modulated waveform through a filter whose output frequency bandwidth is approximately one-tenth the input frequency bandwidth for an output from the filter to fall within null portion of the filter and for the waveform energy to be at a minimum level.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein attenuating the filtered waveform includes monitoring the signal strength of a return waveform and adjusting the attenuation of said attenuator so the signal strength of a transmitted noise waveform is such that the return waveform has sufficient signal strength to be processed to obtain information therefrom.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein attenuating the filtered waveform includes propagating the filtered waveform through an attenuator capable of attenuating the waveform approximately 30 db.