Method for diagnosing battery condition

• US 5,739,670 A
• Filed: 10/31/1996
• Issued: 04/14/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Corporation (Motors Liquidation Co. GUC Trust)
• Inventors: Brost, Ronald David, Sullivan, Michael Scott, Strickland, Tracy Frye
• Primary Examiner(s): TSO, EDWARD H
• Application Number:
  US08/741,742
• Time in Patent Office: 530 Days
• Field of Search: 320/14, 320/15, 320/21, 320/22, 320/30, 320/35, 320/39, 320/43, 320/44, 320/48, 324/427, 324/432, 324/433, 340/636, 429/90, 429/61
• US Class Current: 320/131
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/367 Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A method for diagnosing the general condition of a battery module in a string of such modules comprising a battery pack monitors voltage, current and temperatures of the modules and battery pack. Accumulators account for various charge quantities including charge out and net charge used for the battery pack as well as discharge period durations. State of charge is provided by appropriate means and used to update module capacities. The various charge and time accumulators are used to derive depth of discharge and discharge rate information providing inputs to predetermined functions for determining a simple scalar outputs directly indicative of the general condition of the modules.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module undergoing discharge periods interposed with charge periods, wherein said discharge periods reduce net module charge and said charge periods increase net module charge, comprising the steps:

subsequent to discharge periods;

providing module depth of discharge,

providing module rate of discharge, and

calculating a scalar value as a predetermined function of said module depth of discharge and discharge rate wherein said scalar value provides a direct indication of the relative general condition of the module.

2. The method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step:

during discharge periods, detecting a predetermined module voltage condition;

wherein said predetermined function further includes the detection of said module voltage condition.

3. The method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of providing module depth of discharge comprises the steps:

providing module capacity;

determining charge removed from the module by accumulating discharges during discharge periods;

calculating module depth of discharge as the ratio of said determined charge removed to said module capacity.

4. The method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of providing module rate of discharge comprises the steps:

determining charge removed from the module by accumulating discharges during discharge periods;

determining elapsed time during discharge periods;

calculating module rate of discharge as the ratio of said determined charge removed to said elapsed time.

5. The method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module as claimed in claim 1 wherein the step of providing module depth of discharge comprises the steps:

providing module capacity;

determining charge removed from the module by accumulating discharges during multiple discharge periods characterized by interposed recharge periods that fail to fully recharge the module; and

calculating module depth of discharge as the ratio of said determined charge removed to said module capacity.

6. The method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module as claimed in claim 2 wherein the step of detecting a predetermined module voltage condition comprises detecting a module voltage below a predetermined current compensated voltage threshold.

7. A method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module undergoing discharge periods interposed with charge periods, wherein said discharge periods reduce net module charge and said charge periods increase net module charge, comprising the steps:

determining charge removed from one complete charge period characterized by full charge restoral to the module to the next complete charge period characterized by full charge restoral to the module;

determining net charge removed from the module between complete charge periods characterized by full charge restoral to the module;

updating a module state of charge during the discharge periods;

calculating module capacity during the discharge periods as a predetermined function of said updated state of charge and said net charge removed from the module; and

calculating a loss value as a predetermined function of said net charge removed from the module and said module capacity wherein said loss value represents incremental degradation of the relative general condition of the module.

8. The method for diagnosing the relative general condition of a rechargeable electrochemical module as claimed in claim 7 further comprising the steps:

monitoring module voltage to detect a current compensated module low voltage condition indicative of irreversible module capacity loss; and

,

calculating said loss value additionally as a predetermined function of said detected current compensated module low voltage condition.