Platenless book scanning system with a general imaging geometry

• US 5,760,925 A
• Filed: 05/30/1996
• Issued: 06/02/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Saund, Eric, Berlin, Andrew A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Coles, Sr., Edward L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, ANH-VINH THI
• Application Number:
  US08/657,711
• Time in Patent Office: 733 Days
• Field of Search: 358/497, 358/406, 358/447, 358/449, 358/474, 358/463, 358/493, 355/25, 355/82, 355/55, 399/361, 399/362, 250/206.1, 250/206.2, 250/556, 250/557, 250/208.1, 382/293
• US Class Current: 358/497
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/06 Topological mapping of higher dimensional structures onto lower dimensional surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/047 Detection, control or error compensation of scanning velocity or position H04N1/0402 and H04N1/17 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/195 the array comprising a two-dimensional array or a combination of two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/387 Composing, repositioning or otherwise geometrically modifying originals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/02425 Self-adjusting arrangements, e.g. compensating for temperature fluctuations
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/03162 Original guide plate
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/0434 specially adapted for scanning pages of a book
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/0436 Scanning a picture-bearing surface lying face up on a support H04N2201/0434 takes precedence; using cylindrical picture bearing surfaces H04N1/06; with manual scanning H04N1/107
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04703 using the scanning elements as detectors, e.g. by performing a prescan
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04729 in the main-scan direction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04731 in the sub-scan direction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04732 Detecting at infrequent intervals, e.g. once or twice per line for main-scan control
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04737 by detecting the scanned medium directly, e.g. a leading edge
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04787 by changing or controlling the addresses or values of pixels, e.g. in an array, in a memory, by interpolation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04789 in the main-scan direction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/04791 in the sub-scan direction

Abstract

An overhead scanning system records pages from bound documents in an upright and open condition. The scanning system is defined with a general imaging geometry that makes the scanning system readily portable, and provides the scanning system with a variable imaging area. Once an operator defines an imaging area of an image acquisition system, the operator positions a light stripe projector to project across the imaging area. After recording calibration data, a perspective transform is provided by a perspective transform generator. In operation, a first image of the bound document having a light stripe projected there across is recorded by the image acquisition system. A page shape transform generator is then used to derive a page shape transform. Subsequently, a second image of the bound document is recorded without projecting a light stripe thereacross. If the second image is warped because of foreshortening, or magnification due to the pages of the bound document being curved, an image correction system de-warps the second image using the perspective and page shape transforms. The de-warped image is reconstructed by "polling" each location in the second image to determine the value of each pixel in the de-warped image.

Claims

1. A scanning system with a general imaging geometry for scanning pages of a bound document, comprising:

a support for positioning the pages of the bound document in an open and upward facing condition, the pages having a non-planar contour defined in a three-dimensional first coordinate system;

an image acquisition system for recording image data and page shape data in a focal plane defined in a two-dimensional second coordinate system;

a first transform generator for evaluating the page shape data to provide a first transform for defining a relationship between the first coordinate system and a two-dimensional third coordinate system, the two-dimensional third coordinate system defining an output space in which an output page of the bound document is represented in two dimensions;

a second transform generator for calibrating said image acquisition system with respect to the first coordinate system, said second transform generator providing a second transform for defining a relationship between the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system; and

an image correction system for de-warping the recorded image data to form corrected image data, said image correction system de-warping the recorded image data by performing a first mapping, with the first transform, between the third coordinate system and the first coordinate system, and by performing a second mapping, with the second transform, between the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system to define a location in the second coordinate system that corresponds to a location in the third coordinate system.

2. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said support is a platform.

3. The scanning apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said platform further comprises an imaging area of said image acquisition system.

4. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a light stripe projector for illuminating the bound document positioned on said support with a light stripe to form a geometrical profile map of the bound document in three dimensions.

5. The scanning apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the recorded page shape data represents the bound document with the illuminated light stripe and the recorded image data represents the bound document without the illuminated light stripe.

6. The scanning apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said light stripe projector projects a first and a second light stripe across said support.

7. The scanning apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a calibration system positioned on said support, said calibration system including a calibration object extending out of the plane of said support and calibration marks located at defined intervals on said support.

8. The scanning apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said calibration object is retractable into said support.

9. The scanning apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the geometrical profile map defines a relationship between the height of the bound document above the support relative to the height of the bound document in the focal plane of said image acquisition system.

10. The scanning apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said image acquisition system records calibration data.

11. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a memory for storing the recorded image data and the recorded page shape data.

12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said image acquisition system is a two-dimensional array of amorphous silicon sensors.

13. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said image acquisition system is a one-dimensional charge coupled device (CCD) mounted on a scanning carriage.

14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said image acquisition system is positioned above and adjacent said support.

15. A method for scanning pages of a bound document having a non-planar contour when open and in an upward facing condition, comprising the steps of:

providing a support for maintaining the bound document in an open condition in a three-dimensional first coordinate system;

illuminating the bound document positioned on the support with a light stripe to form a geometrical profile map of the bound document in three dimensions;

recording image data and page shape data upon a focal plane defining a two-dimensional second coordinate system of an image acquisition system, wherein the recorded page shape data represents the bound document with the illuminated light stripe and the recorded image data represents the bound document without the illuminated light stripe;

evaluating the page shape data to define a relationship between the first coordinate system and a two-dimensional third coordinate system defining an output space in which a output page of the bound document is represented in two dimensions, said evaluating step providing a first transform to transform the recorded image data from the third coordinate system to the first coordinate system;

calibrating the image acquisition system with the first coordinate system, said calibrating step providing a second transform to transform the recorded image data from the first coordinate system to the second coordinate system; and

de-warping the recorded image data to form corrected image data, said de-warping step including the steps of;

performing a first mapping, with the first transform, between a location in the third coordinate system and a location in the first coordinate system,

performing a second mapping, with the second transform, between the location in the first coordinate system and a location in the second coordinate system, and

performing a second mapping, with the second transform, between the location in the first coordinate system and a location in the second coordinate system, and

identifying the location in the second coordinate system that corresponds to the location in the third coordinate system with the first mapping and the second mapping.

16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of projecting a first light stripe on the bound document.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising the step of projecting a second light stripe on the support.

18. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of calibrating the scanning apparatus with a calibration object and calibration marks, with the calibration object having a known height and the calibration marks being located on the support at predefined intervals.

19. The method according to claim 15, wherein said recording step records the recorded image data sequentially a scan line at a time.

20. A scanning system with a general imaging geometry for scanning a bound document, comprising:

a support for positioning pages of the bound document in an open and upward facing condition;

the pages of the bound document having a non-planar contour defined in a three-dimensional first coordinate system;

an image acquisition system for recording calibration data, image data, and page shape data;

said image acquisition system recording the recorded calibration data, the recorded image data, and the recorded page shape data in a focal plane defining a two-dimensional second coordinate system; and

an image processing system for providing corrected image data using the recorded calibration data and the recorded page shape data to de-warp the recorded image data so that distortions of the bound document in the recorded image data are minimized in the corrected image data, the image processing system, further comprising;

a first transform generator for evaluating the page shape data to provide a first transform for defining a relationship between the first coordinate system and a two-dimensional third coordinate system defining an output space in which an output page of the bound document is represented in two dimensions, said first transform generator providing a first transform to transform the recorded image data from the third coordinate system to the first coordinate system;

a second transform generator for calibrating said image acquisition system with the first coordinate system, said second transform generator providing a second transform for defining a relationship between the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system; and

an image correction system for de-warping the recorded image data to form the corrected image data, said image correction system de-warping the recorded image data by performing a first mapping, with the first transform, between the third coordinate system and the first coordinate system, and by performing a second mapping, with the second transform, between the first coordinate system and the second coordinate system to define a location in the second coordinate system that corresponds to a location in the third coordinate system.

21. The scanning system according to claim 20, wherein the recorded page shape data represents the bound document with the illuminated light stripe and the recorded image data represents the bound document without the illuminated light stripe.

22. The scanning system according to claim 26, further comprising a calibration system positioned on said support, said calibration system including a calibration object extending out of the plane of said support and calibration marks located at defined intervals on said support.