Power supply apparatus having high power-factor and low distortion-factor characteristics

• US 5,777,861 A
• Filed: 04/28/1995
• Issued: 07/07/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corporation (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Takahashi, Yuji, Kitamura, Noriyuki, Nagasaki, Fumihiko, Shimizu, Keiichi, Kakitani, Tsutomu, Aoike, Nanjou
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US08/430,367
• Time in Patent Office: 1,166 Days
• Field of Search: 363/37, 363/98, 323/222, 315/209 R
• US Class Current: 363/37
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4208 Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 41/2828 using control circuits for the switching elements H05B41/2827 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A rectification device rectifies an input voltage from an AC power source. First and second switching devices are arranged between a pair of output terminals of the rectification device and alternately turned on/off. A series circuit of a first capacitor and an inductor is arranged between the two terminals of one of the first and second switching devices so as to perform a smoothing operation with respect to the frequency of an output from the rectification device. A second capacitor serves to form a resonance circuit in cooperation with the inductor in accordance with the ON/OFF operations of the first and second switching devices. The capacitance of the second capacitor is smaller than that of the first capacitor.

Claims

1. A power supply apparatus comprising:

a rectification device for rectifying an input voltage from an AC power source and outputting a nonsmoothed DC voltage from a pair of output terminals;

first and second switching devices connected in series between the pair of output terminals of said rectification device, and alternately turning on/off at a frequency higher than a frequency of the AC power source;

a series circuit, including a first capacitor and an inductor, connected between two terminals of said first switching device, for smoothing the nonsmoothed DC voltage output from said rectification device;

a second capacitor configured to resonate with said inductor in accordance with ON/OFF operations of said first and second switching devices; and

an output circuit for obtaining a high-frequency output on a basis of the resonance caused by said inductor and said second capacitor.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising switching control means for turning on/off said first and second switching devices at a substantially constant frequency and capable of changing a ratio of ON periods of said switching devices.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising switching control means for turning on/off said first and second switching devices at a substantially constant frequency and capable of changing a ratio of ON periods of said first and second switching devices, said switching control means shortening the ON period of said second switching device as a voltage output from said AC power source every half cycle is increasing, and prolonging the ON period as the voltage output from said AC power source every half cycle is decreasing.

5. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising switching control means capable of changing an ON/OFF frequency of said first and second switching devices.

6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said first and second switching devices are turned on/off at a relatively low frequency in a period corresponding to a small peak value of an output voltage from said rectification device, and are turned on/off at a relatively high frequency as the peak value increases.

7. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said second capacitor is connected in parallel across a series connection of said second switching device and said inductor.

8. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said second capacitor is arranged between the output terminals of said rectification device.

9. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said second capacitor is connected in parallel with a diode having the same polarity as an output polarity of said rectification device and is arranged between at least one output terminal of said rectification device and said first and second switching devices.

10. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an impedance circuit whose impedance decreases with an increase in frequency is arranged in said output circuit.

11. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

a transformer having primary and secondary windings, the primary winding serving as said inductor and the secondary winding serving as said output circuit;

a load connected in parallel across said secondary winding and to which power is supplied via said output circuit; and

drive control of said first and second switching devices is performed by an output from said secondary winding of said transformer.

12. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a discharge lamp serving as a load and coupled to said output circuit.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the ON period of said second switching device in a predetermined period during a starting operation of said discharge lamp is set to be longer than that an ON period of said discharge lamp.

14. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein at least said discharge lamp is mounted on an illumination fixture body.

2. A power supply apparatus comprising:

a rectification device for rectifying an input voltage from an AC power source and outputting a non-smoothed DC voltage from a pair of output terminals;

first and second switching devices connected in series between the pair of output terminals of said rectification device, and alternately turning on/off at a frequency higher than a frequency of the AC power source;

a first capacitor having a relatively large capacitance connected in parallel to said first switching device;

an inductor connected in series between said first switching device and said first capacitor; and

a second capacitor having a capacitance smaller than that of said first capacitor, and configured to resonate with said inductor in an ON period of said second switching device; and

an output circuit for obtaining a high-frequency output on a basis of the resonance caused by said inductor and said second capacitor.

15. A power supply apparatus comprising:

a rectification device for rectifying an AC voltage and outputting a non-smoothed DC voltage;

first and second switching devices connected in series and alternately turning on/off at a frequency higher than a frequency of said AC voltage;

a first capacitor connected in parallel to said first switching device, said first capacitor being charged by an output from said rectification device via said second switching device during an ON period of said second switching device so as to perform a smoothing operation with respect to a frequency of an output from said rectification device, and said first capacitor being discharged via said first switching device during an ON period of said first switching device;

an inductor coupled between a node of said first and second switching devices and said first capacitor, and allowing a charge current and a discharge current to pass to/from said first capacitor;

a second capacitor configured to resonate with said inductor in accordance with ON/OFF operations of said first and second switching devices;

a control unit for controlling the ON period of said first switching device in accordance with a value of a discharge current discharged from said first capacitor and flowing in said first switching device so as to control a value of a resonance voltage generated by said inductor and said second capacitor; and

an output circuit for obtaining a high-frequency output on a basis of the resonance caused by said inductor and said second capacitor.

17. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit controls the ON period of said first switching device such that a peak value of a discharge current discharged from said first capacitor and flowing in said first switching device becomes a predetermined value.

18. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit controls the ON period of said first switching device such that an integral value of a discharge current discharged from said first capacitor via said inductor and said first switching device becomes a predetermined value.

19. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said control unit controls the ON period of said first switching device such that an initial value of a resonance current flowing in said second switching device becomes a predetermined value.

20. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit changes a predetermined value of a current value for determining the ON period of said first switching device in accordance with voltage values across said first and second switching devices.

21. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit turns off said second switching device after a current flows therein for a predetermined period of time.

22. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit turns off said second switching device a predetermined period of time after a peak portion of a resonance current generated by said inductor and said second capacitor flows in said second switching device.

23. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit turns off said second switching device after at least one of input and output currents flows in said rectification device for a predetermined period of time.

24. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit controls the ON period of said second switching device in accordance with a voltage value corresponding to a voltage across said first capacitor.

25. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit controls the ON period of said second switching device in accordance with an AC voltage value.

26. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said control unit controls the ON period of said second switching device in accordance with an output from said output circuit.

27. An apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, further comprising a discharge lamp serving as a load and coupled to said output circuit.

28. An apparatus according to claim 27, wherein at least said discharge lamp is mounted on an illumination fixture body.

16. A power supply apparatus comprising:

a rectification device having a pair of output terminals and connected to an AC power source;

first and second switching devices connected in series between said pair of output terminals of said rectification device, and turning on/off at a frequency higher than a frequency of the AC power source;

a series circuit of a first capacitor having a relatively large capacitance and an inductor, said series circuit connected in parallel across said first switching device;

a second capacitor having a relatively small capacitance and arranged to form a resonance circuit with said inductor in accordance with ON/OFF operations of said first and second switching devices;

a control unit having a detection means for detecting a current flowing in said first switching device, and controlling an ON period of said first switching device in accordance with a detection signal from said current detection means; and

an output circuit for obtaining a high-frequency output on a basis of resonance caused by said inductor and said second capacitor.

29. A power supply apparatus comprising:

a rectification means having input and output sides;

first and second switching elements connected in series across the output side of said rectification means;

a circuit, comprising,

a load,

smoothing capacitor means having a relatively large capacitances, and

induction means to which a load is connected,

said circuit being connected in series with one of said first and second switching elements; and

resonance capacitor means, having a capacitance smaller than that of said smoothing capacitor means, for forming a resonance circuit in cooperation with said induction means.