Apparatus for testing a pulsed light oximeter

• US 5,784,151 A
• Filed: 12/03/1996
• Issued: 07/21/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 12/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Datrend Systems Inc.
• Original Assignee: Datrend Systems Inc.
• Inventors: Miller, Mark Edward, Evans, Ronald William
• Primary Examiner(s): Rosenberger, Richard A.
• Application Number:
  US08/754,042
• Time in Patent Office: 595 Days
• Field of Search: 356/41, 128/633, 250/252.1, 600/330
• US Class Current: 356/41
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0233 Optical standards
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1459 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1464 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1495 Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes

Abstract

The invention relates to apparatus for testing a pulsed light oximeter, such as a non-invasive oximeter which emits pulses of red and infrared light. A light sensor produces an electrical pulse signal representative of light flashes emitted by the oximeter, and a signal generator produces a plurality of absorbance signals representative of the optical absorbance of an anatomical part at the wavelength of each light flash. A signal selector responds to time interval, duration and amplitude features of the electrical pulse signal, or to electrical signals produced by the oximeter itself, and thereby selects one of the plurality of absorbance signals to produce a selected absorbance signal. The selected absorbance signal is converted to light and conveyed to the oximeter to simulate the effect of the anatomical part on the light flashes emitted by the oximeter. The selector additionally produces an alarm signal if features of the electrical pulse signal do not match predefined reference features derived from a priori knowledge of the oximeter. The invention also includes a novel probe for use in testing an oximeter with a transilluminating sensor, the probe incorporating two prisms with each prism having one end in the shape of an acute wedge to achieve a low profile. The wedges of both prisms have roughened surfaces to scatter light so that the probe advantageously obtains a low position sensitivity. The invention may also be incorporated into the oximeter itself, advantageously providing the oximeter with self-diagnostic capability.

Claims

1. Apparatus for testing a pulsed light oximeter, comprising:

(a) light sensing means for producing an electrical pulse signal representative of light flashes emitted by the oximeter, each light flash emitted having one of a plurality of predefined wavelengths;

(b) signal generating means for producing a plurality of absorbance signals, each absorbance signal representing the optical absorbance of an anatomical part at the wavelength of each light flash;

(c) selecting means for analyzing one or more features of the electrical pulse signal and for selecting the absorbance signal corresponding to each light flash emitted to produce a selected absorbance signal; and

(d) light radiating means responsive to the selected absorbance signal for radiating light to the oximeter to simulate the effect of the anatomical part on the light flashes emitted by the oximeter.

2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the feature analyzed is the time interval between individual pulses which comprise the electrical pulse signal.

3. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the feature analyzed is the duration of individual pulses which comprise the electrical pulse signal.

4. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the feature analyzed is the amplitude of individual pulses which comprise the electrical pulse signal.

5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein the light radiating means radiates light of a preselected intensity so as to make the oximeter emit different amplitudes of light at each wavelength.

6. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the features analyzed comprise a combination of the time interval between, the duration of, or the amplitude of individual pulses which comprise the electrical pulse signal.

7. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the selecting means includes means for producing an alarm signal if the features of the electrical pulse signal do not match predefined reference features derived from a priori knowledge of the oximeter.

8. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the amplitude of each absorbance signal of the plurality is preselected to produce a predefined oxygen saturation indication on the oximeter.

9. Apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein each absorbance signal of the plurality comprises a static component representative of tissue and venous blood in the anatomical part, and a time-varying component representative of arterial blood flow through the anatomical part.

10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein the oximeter is a two-wavelength pulse oximeter and the plurality of absorbance signals comprises the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of red light, and the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of infrared light.

11. Apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein the the frequency of the time-varying component of each absorbance signal is preselected to produce a predefined heart rate indication on the oximeter.

12. A probe for use in testing an oximeter having a transilluminating sensor with light emitting and light detecting elements, comprising:

(a) a light sensing means for producing a detected light signal representative of light emitted by the sensor;

(b) a prism for conducting light from the emitting element to the light sensing means, the prism having refractive index greater than air and having one end in the shape of an acute wedge, the wedge having a roughened surface to scatter throughout the wedge the light impingent upon it from the emitting element;

(c) a light radiating means for producing light in response to a signal representative of light to be received by the sensor;

(d) a prism for conducting light produced by the radiating means to the detecting element, the prism having refractive index greater than air and having one end in the shape of an acute wedge, the wedge having a roughened surface to disperse over the detecting element the light conducted from the radiating means; and

(e) a shell for containing the prisms, substantially in the shape of an anatomical part, and including two internal cavities open at the distal end to receive the wedges of the prisms, the cavities separated by a barrier to prevent light transmittance between the radiating means and the sensing means, and between the prisms.

13. Apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein the barrier additionally prevents light transmittance between the light emitting and light detecting elements of the sensor.

14. Apparatus as defined in claim 13 wherein the barrier includes a planar flange which is wider than the prisms and which is oriented parallel to the prisms.

15. Apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein the shape of the anatomical part is substantially equivalent to the shape of a human digit.

16. Apparatus as defined in claim 15 wherein the acuteness of the wedges of the prisms is such that the thickness of the probe is not greater than the thickness of a human digit.

17. Apparatus as defined in claim 12 and including a light sensitive element located proximal to the radiating means for producing an alarm signal should the sensor be applied to the probe with incorrect orientation.

18. Apparatus as defined in claim 12 and including display means for displaying the detected light signal to an operator.

19. Apparatus for testing a pulsed light oximeter which emits light flashes, each light flash having one of a plurality of predefined wavelengths, comprising:

(a) light sensing means for producing a synchronization signal representative of light flashes emitted at one of the predefined wavelengths;

(b) signal generating means for producing a plurality of absorbance signals, each absorbance signal representing the optical absorbance of an anatomical part at the wavelength of each light flash;

(c) selecting means responsive to the timing features of the synchronization signal for selecting the absorbance signal corresponding to each light flash emitted, to produce a selected absorbance signal; and

(d) light radiating means responsive to the selected absorbance signal for radiating light to the oximeter to simulate the effect of the anatomical part on the light flashes emitted by the oximeter.

20. Apparatus as defined in claim 19 wherein the amplitude of each absorbance signal is preselected to produce a predefined oxygen saturation indication on the oximeter.

21. Apparatus as defined in claim 20 wherein the oximeter is a two-wavelength pulse oximeter and the plurality of absorbance signals comprises the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of red light, and the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of infrared light.

22. Apparatus as defined in claim 21 wherein the the frequency of each absorbance signal is preselected to produce a predefined heart rate indication on the oximeter.

23. Apparatus for testing a pulsed light oximeter incorporating light emitting devices activated by electrical drive signals, each device emitting a light flash of predefined wavelength in response to a corresponding drive signal, comprising:

(a) signal generating means for producing a plurality of absorbance signals, each absorbance signal representing the optical absorbance of an anatomical part at the wavelength of each light flash;

(b) selecting means responsive to the electrical drive signals for selecting the absorbance signal corresponding to each light flash emitted, to produce a selected absorbance signal; and

(c) light radiating means responsive to the selected absorbance signal for radiating light to the oximeter to simulate the effect of the anatomical part on the light flashes emitted by the oximeter.

24. Apparatus as defined in claim 23 wherein the amplitude of each absorbance signal is preselected to produce a predefined oxygen saturation indication on the oximeter.

25. Apparatus as defined in claim 24 wherein the oximeter is a two-wavelength pulse oximeter and the plurality of absorbance signals comprises the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of red light, and the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of infrared light.

26. Apparatus as defined in claim 25 wherein the the frequency of each absorbance signal is preselected to produce a predefined heart rate indication on the oximeter.

27. Apparatus as defined in claim 23 wherein the apparatus comprises a part of the oximeter.

28. Apparatus for testing a pulsed light oximeter incorporating light emitting devices activated by electrical drive signals, each device emitting a light flash of predefined wavelength in response to a corresponding drive signal, comprising:

(a) signal generating means for producing a plurality of absorbance signals, each absorbance signal representing the optical absorbance of an anatomical part at the wavelength of each light flash;

(b) selecting means responsive to the electrical drive signals for selecting the absorbance signal corresponding to each light flash emitted, to produce a selected absorbance signal;

(c) light radiating means responsive to the selected absorbance signal for radiating light to the oximeter to simulate the effect of the anatomical part on the light flashes emitted by the oximeter;

(d) light sensing means for producing a detected light signal representative of light flashes emitted by the oximeter; and

(e) comparison means for comparing the detected light signal with the electrical drive signals.

29. Apparatus as defined in claim 28 wherein the comparison means also produces an alarm signal if the detected light signal is not comprised of signals corresponding to the electrical drive signals.

30. Apparatus as defined in claim 29 wherein the amplitude of each absorbance signal is preselected to produce a predefined oxygen saturation indication on the oximeter.

31. Apparatus as defined in claim 30 wherein the oximeter is a two-wavelength pulse oximeter and the plurality of absorbance signals comprises the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of red light, and the absorbance of the anatomical part near the wavelength of infrared light.

32. Apparatus as defined in claim 31 wherein the the frequency of each absorbance signal is preselected to produce a predefined heart rate indication on the oximeter.

33. Apparatus as defined in claim 28 wherein the apparatus comprises a part of the oximeter.