Generator control system for a hybrid vehicle driven by an electric motor and an internal combustion engine

• US 5,786,640 A
• Filed: 02/02/1996
• Issued: 07/28/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nippon Soken, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nippon Soken, Inc.
• Inventors: Sakai, Shoji, Inagaki, Mitsuo, Asa, Hironori, Onimaru, Sadahisa
• Primary Examiner(s): Stephan, Steven L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ponomarenko, Nicholas
• Application Number:
  US08/596,407
• Time in Patent Office: 907 Days
• Field of Search: 290/17, 290/16, 290/45, 290/50, 320/61, 320/64, 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.4, 180/65.6, 180/65.8
• US Class Current: 290/17
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/13 in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0057 Frequency analysis, spectral techniques or transforms
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/914 Actuated, e.g. engaged or disengaged by electrical, hydraulic or mechanical means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/946 Characterized by control of driveline clutch

Abstract

A series hybrid vehicle comprises a generator 30 driven by an internal combustion engine 40, a battery 20 chargeable by generator 30, an electric motor 10 rotated by electric power of generator 30 and battery 20. A parallel hybrid vehicle comprises. a battery 200 chargeable by an electric motor 100, and selectively uses an internal combustion engine 400 and electric motor 100 as driving source for driving vehicle wheels 900. In these -hybrid vehicles, there is provided a sensor 21 or 201 for detecting the state of charge (SOC) of battery 20 or 200. An output of generator 30 or internal combustion engine 400 is controlled based on each the SOC and a variation the SOC.

Claims

1. A generator control system for hybrid vehicles comprising:

a generator driven by an internal combustion engine;

a battery chargeable by said generator;

an electric motor driven by electric power supplied from said generator and said battery;

state-of-charge detecting means for detecting a state of charge of said battery at predetermined sampling intervals to obtain a present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery and a variation (Δ

SOC) of said state-of-charge of said battery during a predetermined time interval based on said present state-of-charge (SOC); and

control means for controlling an electrical output of said generator based on said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

2. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 1, wherein said control means performs a fuzzy control in such a manner so that said electrical output of said generator is maintained when a residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is discharging, decreased when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is charging, increased when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is discharging, and maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is charging.

3. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 1, wherein said electric motor generates electric power to charge said battery by utilizing a regenerative braking in a deceleration of a hybrid vehicle.

4. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 1, wherein said control means comprises a memory for storing control commands used for a computation of a target power output of said generator.

5. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 4, wherein said memory stores said control commands in relation to said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

6. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 5, wherein said memory stores said control commands in the form of a three-dimensional data map.

7. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 1, wherein said control means uses an equation defined by said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC) to obtain a control command used for a computation of a target power output of said generator.

8. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 1, wherein a judgment is made as to whether a sign of said variation (Δ

SOC) is positive or negative, and said output of said generator is controlled in accordance with said sign of said variation (Δ

SOC).

9. The generator control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 1, wherein a judgment is made as to whether a level of said present state-of-charge (SOC) is high or low relative to a reference level and whether a sign of said variation (Δ

SOC) is positive or negative, and said output of said generator is controlled in accordance with said level of said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said sign of said variation (Δ

SOC).

10. A hybrid vehicle comprising:

an internal combustion engine;

a generator connected to and driven by said internal combustion engine;

an inverter electrically connected to said generator;

a battery chargeable by said generator through said inverter;

an electric motor driven by electric power supplied from said generator and said battery through said inverter, said electric motor acting as a driving source for driving vehicle wheels;

state-of-charge detecting means for detecting a state of charge of said battery at predetermined sampling intervals to obtain a present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery and a variation (Δ

SOC) of the state-of-charge of said battery during a predetermined time interval based on said present state-of-charge (SOC); and

control means for controlling an electrical output of said generator based on said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

11. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said control means controls said internal combustion engine in such a manner so that said electrical output of said generator is maintained when a residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is discharging, decreased when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is charging, increased when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is discharging, and maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is charging.

12. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said internal combustion engine is exclusively used for rotating said generator.

13. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said electric motor has an output shaft connected to said vehicle wheels through a driving mechanism including a transmission and a differential mechanism.

14. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said electric motor generates electric power to charge said battery by utilizing a regenerative braking in a deceleration of said hybrid vehicle.

15. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said internal combustion engine is driven at a wide open throttle condition, so that an output of said internal combustion engine is controlled by an amount of fuel supplied by a fuel supply device while maintaining a throttle at a wholly opened position.

16. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said internal combustion engine is controlled within a limited output range so that an output of said internal combustion engine has a one-to-one relationship with a rotational speed of said internal combustion engine.

17. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said inverter charges said battery by utilizing residual electric power when said generator generates excessive electric power.

18. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said control means comprises a memory for storing control commands used for computing a target power output of said generator.

19. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 18, wherein said memory stores said control commands in relation to said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

20. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 19, wherein said memory stores said control commands in the form of a three-dimensional data map.

21. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 10, wherein said control means uses an equation defined by said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC ) to obtain a control command used for a computation of a target power output of said generator.

22. A control system for hybrid vehicles comprising:

an electric motor, having both motor and generator functions to form one driving source for driving wheels of a hybrid vehicle and serve as a generating source for generating electric power;

an internal combustion engine forming another driving source for driving said wheels of said hybrid vehicle;

a clutch interposed between said electric motor and said internal combustion engine for selectively engaging and disengaging said internal combustion engine with and from said electric motor;

a battery chargeable by said electric motor;

state-of-charge detecting means for detecting a state of charge of said battery at predetermined sampling intervals to obtain a present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery and a variation (Δ

SOC) of the state-of-charge of said batter v during a predetermined time interval based on said present state-of-charge (SOC);

engine output control means for controlling an output of said internal combustion engine and a residual capacity of said battery based on said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC);

motor function switching means for switching said electric motor between said motor function and said generator function on the basis of said control by said engine output control means; and

clutch controlling means for engaging and disengaging said internal combustion engine with and from said electric motor on the basis of said control by said engine output control means.

23. The control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 22, wherein said engine output control means performs a fuzzy control in such a manner so that an operating region of said internal combustion engine is maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is discharging, shifted to a lower output region when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is charging, shifted to a larger output region when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is discharging, and maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is charging.

24. The control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 22, wherein said engine output control means controls the output of said internal combustion engine so as to maintain said present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery at a predetermined constant level.

25. The control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 22, wherein said electric motor generates electric power to charge said battery by utilizing a regenerative braking in a deceleration of said hybrid vehicle.

26. The control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 22, wherein said engine output control means is associated with a memory for storing control commands used for a computation of a target output of said internal combustion engine.

27. The control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 26, wherein said memory stores said control commands in relation to said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

28. The control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 27, wherein said memory stores said control commands in the form of a three-dimensional data map.

29. The control system for hybrid vehicles defined by claim 22, wherein said control means uses an equation defined by said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC) to obtain a control command used for a computation of a target output of said internal combustion engine.

30. A hybrid vehicle comprising:

an electric motor, having both motor and generator functions to form one driving source for driving vehicle wheels of said hybrid vehicle and serve as a generating source for generating electric power;

an internal combustion engine forming another driving source for driving said wheels of said hybrid vehicle;

a clutch interposed between said electric motor and said internal combustion engine for selectively engaging and disengaging said internal combustion engine with and from an input shaft of said electric motor;

an inverter electrically connected to said electric motor;

a battery chargeable by said electric motor through said inverter;

wherein said vehicle wheels are connected to an output shaft of said electric motor through a driving mechanism;

state-of-charge detecting means for detecting a state of charge of said battery at predetermined sampling intervals to obtain a present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery and a variation (Δ

SOC) of the state of charge of said battery during a predetermined time interval based on said present state-of-charge (SOC);

engine output control means for controlling an output of said internal combustion engine and a residual capacity of said battery based on said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC);

motor function switching means for switching said electric motor between said motor function and said generator function on the basis of said control by said engine output control means; and

clutch controlling means for engaging and disengaging said internal combustion engine with and from said electric motor on the basis of said control by said engine output control means.

31. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 30, wherein said engine output control means controls said internal combustion engine in such a manner so that an engine operating region is maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is discharging, shifted to a lower output region when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is charging, shifted to a larger output region when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is discharging, and maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is charging.

32. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 30, wherein said engine output control means controls said internal combustion engine so as to maintain said present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery at a predetermined constant level.

33. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 30, wherein said electric motor generates electric power to charge said battery by utilizing a regenerative braking in a deceleration of said hybrid vehicle.

34. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 30, wherein said inverter charges said battery by utilizing residual electric power when said electric motor generates excessive electric power.

35. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 30, wherein said engine output control means is associated with a memory for storing control commands used for a computation of a target output of said internal combustion engine.

36. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 35, wherein said memory stores said control commands in relation to said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

37. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 36, wherein said memory stores said control commands in the form of a three-dimensional data map.

38. The hybrid vehicle defined by claim 30, wherein said engine output control means uses an equation defined by said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC) to obtain a control command used for a computation of a target output of said internal combustion engine.

39. A control method for a generator used in a hybrid vehicle, comprising steps of:

driving a generator by an internal combustion engine;

charging a battery by electric power produced by said generator;

driving an electric motor by electric power supplied from said generator and said battery, said electric motor having an output connected to vehicle wheels of said hybrid vehicle;

detecting a state of charge of said battery at predetermined sampling intervals to obtain a present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery and a variation (Δ

SOC) of the state of charge of said battery during a predetermined time interval based on said present state-of-charge (SOC); and

controlling an electrical output of said generator based on said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

40. The control method defined by claim 39, wherein said electrical output of said generator is maintained when a residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is discharging, decreased when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is charging, increased when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is discharging, and maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is charging.

41. The control method defined by claim 39, wherein said electrical output of said generator is controlled in such a manner so that said present state-of-charge (SOC) is maintained at a predetermined constant level.

42. The control method defined by claim 41, wherein said predetermined level is approximately 60%.

43. A control method for a hybrid vehicle comprising steps of:

driving an internal combustion engine in accordance with vehicle driving conditions;

selectively engaging and disengaging said internal combustion engine through a clutch to and from an input shaft of an electric motor having both motor and generator functions;

charging a battery by electric power produced by said electric motor when said electric motor performs said generator function and discharging electric energy stored in said battery to said electric motor when said electric motor performs said motor functions;

driving vehicle wheels connected to an output shaft of said electric motor by an output of said electric motor;

detecting a state of charge of said battery at predetermined sampling intervals to obtain a present state-of-charge (SOC) of said battery and a variation (Δ

SOC) of the state of charge of said battery during a predetermined time interval based on said present state-of-charge (SOC); and

controlling an output of said internal combustion engine, said electric motor and said clutch in such a manner so that a residual capacity of said battery is maintained at a predetermined level based on said present state-of-charge (SOC) and said variation (Δ

SOC).

44. The control method defined by claim 43, wherein an operating region of said internal combustion engine is maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is discharging, shifted to a lower output region when said residual capacity of said battery is large and said battery is charging, shifted to a larger output region when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is discharging, and maintained when said residual capacity of said battery is small and said battery is charging.

45. The control method defined by claim 43, wherein said predetermined level is approximately 60%.