Method and apparatus for managing text objects for providing text to be interpreted across computer operating systems using different human languages

• US 5,802,539 A
• Filed: 05/03/1996
• Issued: 09/01/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/05/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Computer Incorporated (Apple Inc.)
• Inventors: Wilson, Andrew, Daniels, Andrew M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Feild, Joseph H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HONG, STEPHEN S
• Application Number:
  US08/642,059
• Time in Patent Office: 851 Days
• Field of Search: 395/805, 395/114, 395/115, 395/791, 395/793, 395/794, 395/751, 395/752, 395/757, 707/542, 707/529, 707/531, 707/532, 704/1, 704/2, 704/7
• US Class Current: 715/236
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/10 Text processing natural language analysis G06F40/20; semantic analysis G06F40/30; processing or translation of natural language G06F40/40
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/103 Formatting, i.e. changing of presentation of documents automatic justification G06F40/189; automatic line break hyphenation G06F40/191
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/123 Storage facilities
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/126 Character encoding
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/166 Editing, e.g. inserting or deleting

Abstract

Text objects having a primary data portion in which is stored text characters and associated encoding information, and an annotation portion in which is stored attribute information such as style and language identifiers, is described. The encoding information is stored within a run header in the primary data portion and both the run header and attribute header refer to the text characters to thereby define a text run. Also described are operations for manipulating the text objects of the invention and for creating and deleting annotations. The operations for manipulating the text objects of the invention include installing text within a text object, copying text in a text object, replacing text in a text object, writing text in a text object and imaging text in a text object for display.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for creating a text object having a primary data portion and an annotation portion, said computer-implemented method comprising the steps of:

providing a string of text characters,

at least one run header containing a run length field providing the length of a substring within said string of text characters, and

at least one attribute header containing a style definition characterizing a substring within said string of text characters;

storing under computer control said string of text characters and said run header in said primary data portion; and

storing under computer control said attribute header in said annotation portion;

wherein said attribute header in said annotation portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters, and

said run header in said primary data portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters and wherein

said run header, said attribute header, and said text characters define at least one text run, said text ruin including a plurality of characters having the same encoding, thereby allowing an operating system of a computer system to convert data representing text of a first character set to data representing the text in a second character set.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said step of providing at least one attribute header comprises defining a style for at least a portion of said text characters.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein said step of providing at least one attribute header further comprises defining a language for at least a portion of said text characters.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein said step of providing at least one attribute header further comprises providing a pronunciation for at least one character in said string of text characters.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein said portion of text characters is defined by the positions of the first and last text characters for which said style applies.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said step of providing at least one run header comprises defining an encoding for at least a portion of said text characters.

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein said portion of text characters is defined by the positions of the first and last text characters for which said encoding applies.

8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein said portion of text characters over which said style definition is applicable is different from said portion of text characters over which said encoding is to be applied.

9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein said portion of text characters over which said style definition is applicable is the same as said portion of text characters over which said encoding is to be applied.

10. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein said step of providing at least one run header further comprises the step of providing a run length identifier and a run type identifier.

11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising the step of providing a text object header including a total object size indicator and an object attribute indicator.

12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further comprising the step of identifying said text object as a permanent text object or a ephemeral text object in said object attribute indicator.

13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, further including the step of providing a version identifier in said object attribute indicator.

14. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein said annotation portion comprises an annotation header and said method further comprising the step of providing flags in said annotation header indicating

a) whether said annotation portion is a long or short format;

and

b) whether any changes have been made to the region of text defined encompassed by said annotation portion.

15. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further including the step of setting a normalization option flag in said text object.

16. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising the step of performing a computer-controlled text object management operation on said text object, said computer-controlled text object management operation being selected from the group consisting of creation operations, destruction operations, insertion operations and extraction operations.

17. A computer system for creating and managing a text object, said text object having a primary data portion and an annotation portion, said computer system comprising:

a data input system for providing

a string of text characters,

at least one run header containing a run length field providing the length of a substring within said string of text characters, and

at least one attribute header containing a style definition field characterizing a substring within said string of text characters;

a storage mechanism for storing under computer control said string of text characters and said run header in a memory location of said computer system corresponding to said primary data portion; and

a storage mechanism for storing under computer control said attribute header in a memory location of said computer system corresponding to said annotation portion;

wherein said attribute header in said annotation portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters, and

said run header in said primary data portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters, and

wherein said attribute header, said run header, and said text characters define at least one text run, said text run including a plurality of characters having the same encoding, thereby allowing an operating system of a computer system to convert data representing text of a first character set to data representing the text in a second character set.

18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein said attribute header comprises a style definition for at least a portion of said text characters.

19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein said attribute header comprises a language definition for at least a portion of said text characters.

20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein said attribute header comprises a pronunciation for at least one character in said string of text characters.

21. The computer system of claim 18, wherein said portion of text characters is defined by the positions of the first and last text characters for which said style applies.

22. The computer system of claim 17, wherein said run header comprises an encoding for at least a portion of said text characters.

23. The computer system of claim 22, wherein said portion of text characters over which said style definition is applicable is different from said portion of text characters over which said encoding is applicable.

24. The computer system of claim 21, wherein said portion of text characters over which said style definition is applicable is the same as said portion of text characters over which said encoding is applicable.

25. The computer system of claim 17, wherein said run header further comprises a run length identifier and a run type identifier.

26. The computer system of claim 18, wherein said attribute header further comprises a style length identifier and a style identifier.

27. The computer system of claim 17, wherein said text object further includes a text object header comprising a total object size identifier and an object attribute indicator.

28. The computer system of claim 27, wherein said object attribute header includes a persistence identifier for identifying said text object as a permanent text object or a ephemeral text object.

29. The computer system of claim 27, wherein said object attribute header further includes a version identifier.

30. The computer system of claim 17, wherein said annotation portion comprises an annotation header including

a) a format flag for determining whether said annotation portion is formatted in a long or short format;

and

b) a change flag to indicate whether any changes have been made to the region of text defined encompassed by said annotation portion.

31. The computer system of claim 17, wherein said data input system further comprises means for setting a normalization option flag in said text object.

32. The computer system of claim 17, further comprising a computer-controlled text object management facility for managing said text object, said computer-controlled text object management facility being effective to perform operations on said text object selected from the group consisting of creation operations, destruction operations, insertion operations and extraction operations.

33. A computer-readable medium including computer program instructions, said computer readable medium comprising:

computer program instructions for providing

a primary data portion comprising a string of text characters and at least one run header containing a run length field providing the length of a substring within said string of text characters; and

an annotation portion comprising an attribute header containing a style definition field characterizing a substring within said string of text characters;

wherein said attribute header in said annotation portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters, and

said run header in said primary data portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters, and

wherein said attribute header, said run header, and said text characters define at least one text run, said text run including a plurality of characters having the same encoding, thereby allowing an operating system of a computer system to convert data representing text of a first character set to data representing the text in a second character set.

34. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 33, wherein said attribute header comprises a style definition for at least a portion of said text characters.

35. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 34 wherein said attribute header comprises a language definition for at least a portion of said text characters.

36. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 35, wherein said attribute header comprises a pronunciation for at least one character in said string of text characters.

37. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 33 wherein said run header comprises an encoding for at least a portion of said text characters.

38. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 37 wherein said portion of text characters over which said style definition is applicable is different from said portion of text characters over which said encoding is applicable.

39. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 37 wherein said portion of text characters over which said style definition is applicable is the same as said portion of text characters over which said encoding is applicable.

40. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 37 wherein said run header further comprises a run length identifier and a ran type identifier.

41. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 33 wherein said attribute header further comprises a style length identifier and a style identifier.

42. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 33 wherein said text object further includes a text object header comprising a total object size identifier and an object attribute indicator.

43. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 42 wherein said object attribute header includes a persistence identifier for identifying said text object as a permanent text object or a ephemeral text object.

44. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 43 wherein said object attribute header further includes a version identifier.

45. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 33 wherein said annotation portion comprises an annotation header including a format flag for determining whether said annotation portion is formatted in a long or short format;

and a change flag to indicate whether any changes have been made to the region of text defined encompassed by said annotation portion.

46. A computer-readable medium as recited in claim 33 wherein said text object further comprises a normalization option flag.

47. A computer-readable medium including computer program instructions, said computer readable medium comprising:

a) computer program instructions for providing

i) a string of text characters,

ii) at least one run header containing a run length field providing the length of a substring within said string of text characters, and

iii) at least one attribute header containing a style definition field characterizing a substring within said string of text characters;

b) computer program instructions storing under computer control said string of text characters and said run header in a primary data portion; and

c) computer program instructions for storing under computer control said attribute header in an annotation portion;

wherein said attribute header in said annotation portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters and said run header in said primary data portion includes information characterizing and describing a plurality of said text characters where said attribute header, said run header, and said text characters define at least one text run, said text run including a plurality of characters having the same encoding, thereby allowing an operating system of the computer system to convert data representing text of a first character set to data representing the text in a second character set.

48. The computer readable medium of claim 47, further comprising program instructions for defining an encoding for at least a portion of said text characters in said run header.

49. The computer readable medium of claim 47, further comprising program instructions for performing a computer-controlled text object management operation on said text object, said computer-controlled text object management operation being selected from the group consisting of creation operations, destruction operations, insertion operations and extraction operations.