Refrigerating machine oil

• US 5,804,096 A
• Filed: 08/16/1996
• Issued: 09/08/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Tonen Corporation (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Inventors: Sato, Takehisa, Ogano, Satoshi, Kuribayashi, Toshiaki
• Primary Examiner(s): DIAMOND, ALAN D
• Application Number:
  US08/689,990
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 252/68, 508/492, 508/485, 508/496, 508/506
• US Class Current: 252/68
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 5/041 for compression-type refrigeration systems
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 105/32 Esters
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 105/36 of polycarboxylic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 105/38 of polyhydroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 105/40 containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 105/42 Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 105/48 of carbonic acid
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 107/28 containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 107/30 Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 107/34 Polyoxyalkylenes
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 111/00 Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 129/32 monocarboxylic
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 137/02 having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 137/04 Phosphate esters
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 137/105 not containing metal
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 169/04 Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 171/008 Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/024 having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/026 with tertiary alkyl groups
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/121 having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/122 : monocarboxylic
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/123 : polycarboxylic
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/125 : having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/129 : having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/141 : monocarboxylic
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/16 : Naphthenic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/22 : Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/28 : Esters epoxidised esters C10M2207/24
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2805 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/281 : of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/282 : of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2825 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/283 : of polyhydroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2835 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2855 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/286 : of polymerised unsaturated acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2875 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2885 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/289 : containing free hydroxy groups
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/2895 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/30 : Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/301 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/302 : derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/32 : of carbonic acid
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/325 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/34 : Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2207/345 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/084 : Acrylate; Methacrylate
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1003 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/102 : Polyesters
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/103 : Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1033 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/104 : of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1045 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/105 : of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1055 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/106 : of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1065 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/107 : of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1075 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1085 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/109 : esterified
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2209/1095 : used as base material
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2211/022 : aliphatic
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2211/06 : Perfluorinated compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/04 : having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/062 : containing hydroxy groups bound to the aromatic ring
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/064 : Di- and triaryl amines
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/065 : Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/066 : Arylene diamines
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/08 : Amides
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/082 : containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/22 : Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/221 : Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/225 : the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/226 : Morpholines
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/26 : Amines
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/28 : Amides; Imides
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2215/30 : Heterocyclic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/022 : of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines polyolefins C10M2221/041
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/024 : of esters, e.g. fats
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/044 : Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/062 : having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/066 : Thiocarbamic type compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/068 : Thiocarbamate metal salts
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/082 : containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/086 : containing sulfur atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/10 : Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/102 : containing sulfur and carbon only in the ring
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/104 : containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/106 : Thiadiazoles
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2219/108 : Phenothiazine
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/02 : having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/04 : Phosphate esters
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/041 : Triaryl phosphates
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/042 : Metal salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/045 : Metal containing thio derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/047 : Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/049 : Phosphite
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/06 : having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/061 : Metal salts
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/065 : containing sulfur
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/10 : Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2227/081 : with a metal carbon bond belonging to a ring, e.g. ferocene
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2010/00 : Metal present as such or in compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2010/04 : Groups 2 or 12
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/00 : Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/30 : Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/32 : Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/34 : Lubricating-sealants
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/36 : Release agents or mold release agents
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/38 : Conveyors or chain belts
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/40 : Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/42 : Flashing oils or marking oils
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/44 : Super vacuum or supercritical use
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/50 : Medical uses
• CPC Class Codes: F04C 2210/26 : Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC-134a

Abstract

A first refrigerating machine oil of the present invention has a sodium and/or potassium concentration of not higher than 0.1 ppm. Since it has low hydrolyzability and excellent insulating properties, the first refrigerating machine oil is useful as a refrigerating machine oil composition for refrigerators having a hermetic compressor. A second refrigerating machine oil of the present invention is composed mainly of an ester of pentaerythritol and a carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid is a mixed carboxylic acid composed of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and a straight-chain or branched fatty acid having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The proportion of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in the mixed carboxylic acid is in the range of from more than 50 mol % to not more than 90 mol %. The second refrigerating machine oil has high viscosity and high electrical insulating properties, which are required for refrigerating machine oils as used for large-sized air conditioning equipment and room air conditioners, and is non-crystallizable at low temperature and hence superior in handleability.

Claims

1. A composition for use in refrigerating machines comprising:

a refrigerating machine oil comprising an ester oil selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, polycarboxylates, fumarate oligomers, carbonic acid esters, hydroxypivalates, and mixtures thereof, and an additive comprising an antiwear agent selected from the group consisting of a phosphate compound, a phosphorus compound, and a compound of the formula (RO)₃ P=S, wherein R is an alkyl, allyl, or phenyl group, wherein the refrigerating machine oil has a sodium or potassium concentration of not higher than 0.1 ppm and a volume resistivity of 1×

10¹³ Ω

-cm at 25°

C. or higher, and

a non-chlorine, fluorine-containing refrigerant.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the refrigerating machine oil has an acid number less than 0.1 mgKOH/g.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the refrigerating machine oil has a viscosity in the range from 10 mm² /s to 500 mm² /s at 40°

C.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the refrigerating machine oil comprises at least one additional additive selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, an anti-foaming agent, a metal deactivator and a rust preventive.

5. A process of making a composition for use in refrigerating machines comprising:

mixing a refrigerating machine oil comprising an ester oil selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, polycarboxylates, fumarate oligomers, carbonic acid esters, hydroxypivalates, and mixtures thereof and an additive comprising an antiwear agent selected from the group consisting of a phosphate compound, a phosphorus compound, and a compound of the formula (RO)₃ P=S, wherein R is an alkyl, allyl, or phenyl group, wherein the refrigerating machine oil has a sodium or potassium concentration of not higher than 0.1 ppm and a volume resistivity of 1×

10¹³ Ω

-cm at 25°

C. or higher, with a non-chlorine, fluorine-containing refrigerant.

6. The process of claim 5, wherein the refrigerating machine oil has an acid number less than 0.1 mgKOH/g.

7. The process of claim 5, wherein the refrigerating machine oil is adjusted to a viscosity in the range from 10 mm² /s to 500 mm² /s at 40°

C.

8. The process of claim 5, wherein the refrigerating machine oil comprises at least one additional additive selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, an anti-foaming agent, a metal deactivator and a rust preventive.