Distributed connection-oriented services for switched communications networks

• US 5,825,772 A
• Filed: 04/02/1996
• Issued: 10/20/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Extreme Networks, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Cabletron Systems Incorporated (Extreme Networks, Inc.)
• Inventors: Ruffen, David J., Yohe, Kevin, Fee, Brendan, Kane, Laura, Cullerot, David L., Dobbins, Kurt, Oliver, Chris, Andlauer, Philip, Grant, Thomas A., Bahi, David H., Skubisz, Michael, Len, Theodore
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, CHAU T
• Application Number:
  US08/626,596
• Time in Patent Office: 931 Days
• Field of Search: 370/216, 370/225, 370/238, 370/256, 370/395, 370/396, 370/400, 370/401, 370/402, 370/407, 370/408, 370/351, 370/410
• US Class Current: 370/396
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/18 for broadcast or conference , e.g. multicast
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1877 Measures taken prior to transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1886 with traffic restrictions for efficiency improvement, e.g. involving subnets or subdomains
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/46 Interconnection of networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4641 Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN] LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone H04L12/462; encapsulation techniques H04L12/4633; routing of packets H04L45/00; packet switches H04L49/00; virtual private networks for security H04L63/0272
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/467 Arrangements for supporting untagged frames, e.g. port-based VLANs
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2212/00 Encapsulation of packets
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0213 Standardised network management protocols, e.g. simple network management protocol [SNMP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/40 using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/04 Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/16 Multipoint routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/24 Multipath
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/34 Source routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/201 Multicast operation; Broadcast operation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/351 for local area network [LAN], e.g. Ethernet switches
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/354 for supporting virtual local area networks [VLAN]

Abstract

Method and apparatus providing connection-oriented services for packet switched data communications networks. Directory services include distributed discovery of MAC addresses and protocol alias addresses. Topology services include a link state topology exchange among switches, which provides each switch with a complete topology graph of the network. This enables an access switch receiving a data packet to determine a complete path from a source end system to a destination end system. Another service includes resolution of broadcast frames to unicast frames, in order to reduce the amount of broadcast traffic. Policy restrictions may be applied prior to connection setup. Path determination services enable multiple paths from a source to a destination. Connection management includes source routed mapping of connections on the desired path. A distributed call rerouting service is provided wherein if a link on an active path fails, each switch receives a topology change notification and unmaps any connection involving the failed link. A broadcast/unknown service provides restricted flooding of nonresolvable packets. Furthermore, connection-oriented switching is provided based on the source and destination MAC addresses as a connection identifier. Still further, resolution of networks outside the switch domain is enabled by access switches listening for network and server route advertisements and maintaining best routes to said networks and servers. The best route metrics may be combined with best path metrics to determine a path from a first access switch to an egress switch connected to the external network.

Claims

1. A method of forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, the method comprising the steps of:

each one of the switches maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the one switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches;

when a first packet is received on an access port of a first switch, the first switch accessing its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet;

when a mapping is not found at the first switch in the director, forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches, the forwarded resolve message being a request for a resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and

the first switch waiting for a response to its forwarded resolve message prior to forwarding the first packet.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein a local mapping includes at least one of:

physical addresses of end systems locally attached to the one switch;

alias addresses of end systems locally attached to the one switch;

virtual LAN identifiers (VLAN-IDs) for the access ports or end systems attached to the one switch; and

VLAN policy.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein

a remote mapping is one of an active or attempted connectivity resolution.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein a remote mapping in the remote directory includes at least one of:

physical addresses of the other switches that provided the connectivity resolutions;

physical addresses of end systems attached to the other switches;

alias addresses of end systems attached to the other switches;

VLAN-IDs for access ports or end systems attached to the other switches; and

VLAN policy.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein each switch exchanges switch link state topology information.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first switch uses its switch link state topology information to determine a path from a source switch to a destination switch.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the switch link state topology information includes switch/port pairs and each switch has a single physical layer address, and wherein each switch/port pair comprises the physical address of a switch and a port instance.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first switch sends a connect message with a physical address of source end system and a physical address of destination end system as a connection identifier for mapping connections in all switches on the path.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the connect message includes an in-order list of switch/port pairs on the path.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first packet is not forwarded by the first switch until the first switch receives a connect message response from the last switch on the path.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the connect message maps connections as it travels through the switches on the path, but the mapped connections remain disabled until receipt of a response sent by the last switch on the path which travels back through each switch on the reverse path to the first switch.

12. The method of claim 6, wherein each one of the switches on the path maintains a "links-in-use" table of all links in the path.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein upon receipt of a predetermined link state topology message regarding one or more of the links in the path, each switch on the path accesses its links-in-use table and unmaps any connection for the one or more links identified in the predetermined link state topology message.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the predetermined link state topology message indicates that a link has failed.

15. The method of claim 6, wherein a path determined by the first switch includes multiple active paths.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the multiple paths are for the same source switch and destination switch.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first switch attempts to map a broadcast packet to a single destination address in order to reduce an amount of broadcast traffic on the network.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first switch attempts to map the broadcast packet by looking inside the packet and decoding protocol layers and higher-level addressing to determine a physical address of the single destination.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein when the first switch cannot find a mapping according to the destination address, the first switch sending the first packet on a virtual spanning tree path to all other switches, and tagging the packet with a VLAN-ID which limits the egress ports on the other switches through which the first packet is forwarded.

20. The method of forwarding data packets according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

when the first packet is received on the access port of the first switch, the first switch independently determining a call path from a source end system to a destination end system through one or more of the switches based on a unique connection identifier which includes the source and destination end system physical address.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first switch enables directory resolution, topology exchange, and connection services.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the first switch independently determines a new call path upon receipt of a predefined switch link state topology message.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein the call path includes multiple paths.

24. The method of claim 3, wherein the multiple paths are for the same source switch and destination switch.

25. A method of forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, the method comprising the steps of:

each one of the access switches maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the one access switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches mapped to one or more virtual LAN identifiers (VLAN-IDs);

when a first packet is received on an access port of a first switch, the first switch accessing its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet;

when a mapping is not found at the first switch in the director forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches, the forwarded resolve message being a request for a resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and

waiting for a response to the forwarded resolve message prior to forwarding the first packet.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the remote mappings in the directory are limited to active or attempted connectivity resolutions.

27. An apparatus for forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, wherein each switch comprises:

means for maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the respective one switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches; and

wherein a first switch comprises;

means for accessing when a first packet is received on an access port of the first switch, its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet;

means for forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches when a mapping is not found in the directory at the first switch, the forwarded resolve message being a request for resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and

means for forwarding the first packet once a response to the forwarded resolve message has been received.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising:

means for removing a remote mapping when a predetermined time period has elapsed since it was last accessed.

29. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein a remote mapping is one of an active connection and an attempted connection resolution.