Chiral nematic liquid crystal polarization modulated color display for stereoscopic viewing device

• US 5,835,166 A
• Filed: 09/16/1996
• Issued: 11/10/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 08/17/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Dennis R. Hall, Philip A. Johnson
• Original Assignee: Dennis R. Hall, Philip A. Johnson
• Inventors: Johnson, Philip A., Hall, Dennis R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sikes, William L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MALINOWSKI, WALTER J
• Application Number:
  US08/714,751
• Time in Patent Office: 785 Days
• Field of Search: 349/5, 349/6, 349/9, 349/74, 349/80, 349/96, 349/98, 349/115, 349/176, 349/15
• US Class Current: 349/15
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 30/25 using polarisation techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3016 involving passive liquid crystal elements optical properties of liquid crystals G02F1/0063; polarising elements associated with active liquid crystal devices G02F1/133528
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133533 Colour selective polarisers G02F1/1347 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133536 Reflective polarizers G02F1/13362 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133543 Cholesteric polarisers
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13473 for wavelength filtering or for colour display without the use of colour mosaic filters
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2201/343 cholesteric liquid crystal reflector
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/204 using stereoscopic image cameras stereoscopic photography G03B35/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/257 Colour aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/286 having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/324 Colour aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/334 using spectral multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/337 using polarisation multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/341 using temporal multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/361 Reproducing mixed stereoscopic images; Reproducing mixed monoscopic and stereoscopic images, e.g. a stereoscopic image overlay window on a monoscopic image background
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 13/363 using image projection screens volumetric display H04N13/388

Abstract

Monocular and stereoscopic color display systems, wherein passive cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) filter/mirrors and active variable retarder type LC arrays are used in combination to produce low cost, high resolution, multicolor and full color displays, suitable for use as advertising, automotive, aircraft, computer, games and electron instrumentation displays.

Claims

1. A stereoscopic display system comprised of an unpolarized light source, the light from said light source being divided into two substantially circularly polarized beams of light by a chiral nematic liquid crystal filter/mirror element, which reflects one handedness of circularly polarized light, while transmitting the opposite handedness of circularly polarized light for each specific color, and wherein said liquid crystal mirror is comprised of one or more filter/mirror layers, each layer reflecting and transmitting specific colors and handedness of circularly polarized light, so that the separate, reflected and transmitted beams of light can be of one or mixed handedness(es) of said circularly polarized light and said stereoscopic display is further comprised of means to direct said two substantially circularly polarized beams of light to separate polarization modulating liquid crystal variable retarder array devices, said variable retarder array devices filter and polarization modulate the two beams of light, encoding separate stereoscopic perspective views upon each beam of said circularly polarized light while preserving the opposite handedness of circularly polarized light between said two beams of light and converge said two beams of polarization modulated and encoded light upon a common set of chiral nematic liquid crystal filter/mirrors, which can produce the final intensity modulation of the polarization modulated two beams of substantially circularly polarized light, said final intensity modulation occurring through the reflection of unwanted components of said light of one beam and through transmission of the filter/mirror of the unwanted components of light from said second beam of light, whereas the desired components of light are similarly reflected and transmitted to form a common beam of substantially circularly polarized light, which is intensity and polarization encoded, so that if said common beam of polarized light is viewed directly or through projection onto a polarization preserving screen, by a viewer wearing polarization decoding glasses, wherein the lenses of said glasses transmit to each eye only the stereoscopic perspective view intended for that eye, the viewer will perceive a stereoscopic image.

2. A stereoscopic display system according to claim 1, wherein the substantially circularly polarized beams of light are directed to the liquid crystal variable retarder device and the final chiral nematic filter/mirrors by spectral reflectors.

3. A stereoscopic display system according to claim 1, wherein the substantially circularly polarized beams of light are directed to the liquid crystal variable retarder device and the final chiral nematic filter/mirrors by chiral nematic filter/mirrors.

4. A stereoscopic display system according to claim 1, wherein the substantially circularly polarized beams of light are directed to the liquid crystal variable retarder device and the final chiral nematic filter/mirrors by a combination of spectral reflectors and chiral nematic filter/mirrors.

5. A method of presenting a stereoscopic display to a viewer, comprising an unpolarized light source, the light from said light source being divided into two substantially circularly polarized beams of light by a chiral nematic liquid crystal filter/mirror element, which reflects one handedness of circularly polarized light, while transmitting the opposite handedness of circularly polarized light for each specific color, and wherein said liquid crystal mirror is comprised of one or more filter/mirror layers, each layer reflecting and transmitting specific colors and handedness of circularly polarized light, so that the separate, reflected and transmitted beams of light can be of one or mixed handedness(es) of said circularly polarized light and said stereoscopic display is further comprised of means to direct said two substantially circularly polarized beams of light to separate polarization modulating liquid crystal variable retarder array devices, said variable retarder array devices filter and polarization modulate the two beams of light, encoding separate stereoscopic perspective views upon each beam of said circularly polarized light while preserving the opposite handedness of circularly polarized light between said two beams of light and converge said two beams of polarization modulated and encoded light upon a common set of chiral nematic liquid crystal filter/mirrors, which can produce the final intensity modulation of the polarization modulated two beams of substantially circularly polarized light, said final intensity modulation occurring through the reflection of unwanted components of said light of one beam and through transmission of the filter/mirror of the unwanted components of light from said second beam of light, whereas the desired components of light are similarly reflected and transmitted to form a common beam of substantially circularly polarized light, which is intensity and polarization encoded, so that if said common beam of polarized light is viewed directly or through projection onto a polarization preserving screen, by a viewer wearing polarization decoding glasses, wherein the lenses of said glasses transmit to each eye only the stereoscopic perspective view intended for that eye, the viewer will perceive a stereoscopic image.

6. A color and polarization filter assembly comprising:

a first polarizing filter for transmitting light of first and second colors substantially only in a first polarization orientation and light of a third color substantially only in a second polarization orientation, which is substantially orthogonal to said first orientation,

a second polarizing filter for transmitting light of said first and third colors substantially only in said second polarization orientation and light of said second color substantially only in said first polarization orientation, and

first and second liquid crystal arrays each having multiple cells that are switchable individually between at least a first state and a second state for selectively modulating polarization orientation of polarized light passing through the individual cells of the array, and

a specular polarizer,

and wherein the second polarizing filter is disposed between the first polarizing filter and the specular polarizer, the first liquid crystal array is disposed between the first polarizing filter and the second polarizing filter, and the second liquid crystal array is disposed between the second polarizing filter and the specular polarizer.

7. A filter assembly according to claim 6, wherein the first and second liquid crystal arrays define an axis of the filter assembly and at least one of the polarizing filters is inclined relative to the axis of the filter assembly so as to direct light reflected from said one polarizing filter along a path that diverges from the axis of the filter assembly, and the filter assembly further comprises a light absorbing medium positioned to receive light reflected from said one polarizing filter.

8. A filter assembly according to claim 6, wherein in the first state of each cell of the first or second liquid crystal array, the cell does not alter polarization orientation of light passing through the cell in the first or second polarization orientation and in the second state of the cell, the cell alters polarization orientation of light received by the cell in said first polarization orientation or said second polarization orientation to said second polarization orientation or said first polarization orientation, respectively, and each cell has at least one intermediate state in which light received by the cell in either said first polarization orientation or said second polarization orientation is altered to a combination of said first and second polarization orientations.

9. A filter assembly according to claim 6, wherein in the first state of each cell of the first or second liquid crystal array, the cell imposes no optical retardation on light passing through the cell and in the second state of the cell, the cell imposes a half wave of optical retardation on light passing through the cell, and each cell has at least one intermediate state in which it imposes between zero and a half wave of optical retardation on light passing through the cell.

10. A filter assembly according to claim 6, further comprising a light source for producing substantially white light, and wherein the first polarizing filter is interposed between said light source and said first liquid crystal array.

11. A filter assembly according to claim 10, wherein at least the second polarizing filter comprises first, second and third color specific spectral filters, each of which reflects circularly polarized light of its specific color and of a first polarization orientation and transmits light of its specific color and of a second polarization orientation, which is orthogonal to said first orientation, and the filter assembly further comprises a birefringent wave plate positioned immediately upstream of at least one of said color specific spectral filters of the second polarizing filter and having its optical axis angularly positioned relative to the optical axis of the first liquid crystal variable retarder array for introducing a small amount of optical retardation to light modulated by the first liquid crystal variable retarder array and thereby rendering light of the specific color of said one spectral filter more nearly circular in polarization.

12. A filter assembly according to claim 6, further comprising a light source for producing substantially white light, and wherein the specular polarizer is interposed between said light source and the second liquid crystal array.

13. A filter assembly according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the polarizing filters comprises first, second and third color specific spectral filters, each of which reflects circularly polarized light of its specific color and of a first polarization orientation and transmits light of its specific color and of a second polarization orientation, which is orthogonal to said first orientation, and the filter assembly further comprises a birefringent wave plate positioned immediately upstream of at least one of said color specific spectral filters of said one polarizing filter and having its optical axis angularly positioned relative to the optical axis of the liquid crystal variable retarder array that is immediately upstream of said one polarizing filter for introducing a small amount of optical retardation to light modulated by the immediately upstream liquid crystal variable retarder array and thereby rendering light of the specific color of said one spectral filter more nearly circular in polarization.

14. A filter assembly according to claim 12 wherein the specular polarizer is a specular linear polarizer, in the first state, a cell of the second liquid crystal array does not alter polarization orientation of linearly polarized light transmitted thereby and in the second state the cell alters the polarization orientation of linearly polarized light transmitted thereby by the waveguide method of polarization modulation, and the filter assembly further comprises a quarter wave retarder oriented such that its optical axis is inclined at substantially 45°

to the planes of polarization of linearly polarized light transmitted by the cell of the second liquid crystal array in the first and second states respectively, whereby the linearly polarized light passing through said cell is converted to substantially circularly polarized light of handedness that depends on whether the cell is in its first state or its second state.

15. A filter assembly according to claim 12, wherein the second polarizing filter comprises three spectral filters and at least one of the spectral filters is incorporated in glasses to be worn by a viewer.

16. A filter assembly according to claim 12, wherein each cell of at least one liquid crystal array can be switched to an on state and an off state and to intermediate states between the on state and the off state, whereby a single cell can produce a continuous variation of color.

17. A filter assembly according to claim 12, wherein the first and second liquid crystal arrays define an axis of the filter assembly and the first polarizing filter is inclined relative to the axis of the filter assembly so as to direct light reflected from the first polarizing filter along a path that diverges from the axis of the filter assembly, and the filter assembly further comprises a light absorbing medium positioned to receive light reflected from the first polarizing filter.

18. A filter assembly according to claim 17, wherein the first polarizing filter comprises three chiral nematic liquid crystal filter/mirrors.

19. A filter assembly according to claim 17, wherein the filter assembly comprises first and second light absorbing media, positioned for receiving light reflected from opposite respective sides of the first polarizing filter.

20. A filter assembly according to claim 6, wherein each of said first and second polarizing filters comprises first, second and third color specific spectral filters and each spectral filter removes from light entering the polarizing filter, light of one specific color and of one polarization orientation.

21. A filter assembly according to claim 20, wherein the spectral filters are incorporated on or within the liquid crystal arrays.

22. A filter assembly according to claim 6, wherein the specular polarizer is a specular circular polarizer, the liquid crystal arrays are liquid crystal variable retarder arrays, and the spectral filters are chiral nematic liquid crystal filter/mirrors.

23. A filter assembly according to claim 6, wherein the polarizing filters are incorporated on or in the liquid crystal arrays.

24. A filter assembly according to claim 6, wherein the specular polarizer is a multi-layer chiral nematic liquid crystal filter/mirror.