Power collector for inductive power transfer

• US 5,839,554 A
• Filed: 11/02/1995
• Issued: 11/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/03/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Auckland UniServices Limited (Auckland University)
• Original Assignee: Auckland UniServices Limited (Auckland University)
• Inventors: Clark, Peter Bruce
• Primary Examiner(s): MORANO IV, SAMUEL J
• Application Number:
  US08/545,723
• Time in Patent Office: 1,118 Days
• Field of Search: 191/2, 191/3, 191/4, 191/5, 191/6, 191/7, 191/10, 191/14-21, 246/187 R, 246/187 A, 246/187 B, 320/2, 320/21
• US Class Current: 191/10
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/18 Buses
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/12 Buck converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/16 DC brushless machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 5/005 without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/53 in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/124 Detection or removal of foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

This inductive power transfer system provides a capacitor (15) having a pickup coil (14) in series between the windings of the pickup coil and the electrical load (16, 17, 18). A power-factor compensating capacitor (19) may be used at the feed to a loop of one or a few turns of primary inductor cable (11,12), so that a reasonable supply-mains current can maintain the primary inductor current. The length of the cable, and hence the impedance, of primary cable may be varied in order to match the primary inductor to the voltage of the supply mains.

Claims

1. An inductive power transfer system comprising:

a source of alternating electric power having an operating frequency;

a resonant primary for generating a magnetic field from said source of alternating current;

a vehicle having at least one inductive power collector mounted thereon;

wherein said inductive power collector comprises at least one capacitance and at least one coil of one or more windings for intercepting the magnetic field from said resonant primary, and at least one electrical load,

wherein the at least one capacitance is in series with the coil and the load, and the reactance of the series capacitance is substantially equal to the sum of (a) the inductive reactance of the coil at the operating frequency and (b) the mutual reactance of the coupling between the resonant primary and the at least one coil of the power collector, and

wherein there is no parallel resonance effect.

2. An inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coil of the power collector is spaced apart from the resonant primary by up to about 100 mm.

3. An inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the operating frequency of the source of alternating power lies in the range of from 30 Hz to 1 MHz.

4. An inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the operating frequency of the source of alternating power is that of a local supply frequency or an integer multiple of the supply frequency.

5. An inductive power transfer system as in claim 4, wherein said resonant primary comprises plural electrically separated, elongated primary conductor loops each of said loops being contiguous at at least one end with an adjacent one of said loops.

6. An inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resonant primary comprises one or more physically separated loops which are located at designated positions so that the power collector is energized when said vehicle is in physical proximity to any one of said loops.

7. An inductive power transfer system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the load comprises a device capable of using the alternating current after a first conversion into direct current and a second conversion into a voltage or current of a regulated amplitude.

8. An inductive power transfer system comprising:

a source of alternating electric power having an operating frequency;

a resonant primary having an elongated track comprising a pair of electrically conductive rails;

a plurality of vehicles each vehicle capable of moving on said track and each vehicle having at least one inductive power collector mounted thereon;

wherein each said inductive power collector comprises at least one capacitance and at least one coil of one or more windings for intercepting a magnetic field from the primary conductive rails, and at least one electrical load,

wherein the at least one coil is spaced apart from the conductive rails by up to about 100 mm,

wherein the at least one capacitance is in series with the coil and the load, and the reactance of the series capacitance is substantially equal to the sum of (a) the inductive reactance of the coil at the operating frequency and (b) the mutual reactance of the coupling between the resonant primary and the at least one coil of the power collector, and

wherein there is no parallel resonance effect thereby allowing said vehicles to be adjacent to one another on said track without interfering with one another.

9. A self-powered vehicle, adapted for use with an inductive power transfer source producing a varying magnetic field at an operating frequency, said vehicle comprising:

at least three road wheels and means for control and guidance,

at least one inductive power collector for collecting power from said inductive power transfer system,

apparatus for conversion of electrical energy into a storable form,

apparatus for storage of electrical energy,

apparatus for recovery of stored electrical energy and its controlled delivery to at least one electromotive transducer,

the power collector comprising at least one capacitance and at least one coil of one or more windings for intercepting the magnetic field from the inductive power transfer source, and at least one electrical load,

wherein the at least one capacitance is in series with the coil and the load, and the reactance of the series capacitance is substantially equal to the sum of (a) the inductive reactance of the coil at the operating frequency and (b) the mutual reactance of the coupling between the inductive power transfer source and the at least one coil of the power collector, and

wherein there is no parallel resonance effect.

10. A power collector for collecting power from an inductive power transfer source across a space, using one or more primary conductors capable of carrying an alternating electric current having an operating frequency as primary emitters of a varying magnetic field, the power collector comprising at least one capacitance and at least one coil of one or more windings for intercepting the magnetic field from the one or more primary conductors, and at least one electrical load,

wherein the at least one capacitance is in series with the coil and the load, and the reactance of the series capacitance is substantially equal to the inductive reactance of the coil at the operating frequency, and

wherein there is no parallel resonance effect.