Apparatus for coating a moving glass substrate

• US 5,863,337 A
• Filed: 06/05/1995
• Issued: 01/26/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/16/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Vitro Flat Glass LLC (Compagnie De Saint-Gobain)
• Original Assignee: PPG Industries Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Neuman, George A., Dauson, Douglas S., Sopko, John F.
• Primary Examiner(s): BUEKER, RICHARD R
• Application Number:
  US08/464,113
• Time in Patent Office: 1,331 Days
• Field of Search: 118/718
• US Class Current: 118/718
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/002 for flat glass, e.g. float glass
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/245 by deposition from the vapour phase
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/2453 Coating containing SnO2
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3417 all coatings being oxide coatings
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 2217/213 SiO2
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 2217/23 Mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 2218/152 by cvd
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 16/401 containing silicon
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 16/402 Silicon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 16/4412 Details relating to the exhausts, e.g. pumps, filters, scrubbers, particle traps
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 16/453 passing the reaction gases through burners or torches, e.g. atmospheric pressure CVD C23C16/513 takes precedence; for flame or plasma spraying of coating material in the molten state C23C4/00
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 16/545 for coating elongated substrates

Abstract

An apparatus for coating a moving substrate which provides means for directing a coating composition vapor toward a substrate surface and moving portions of the vapor in opposite directions. The apparatus of the present invention may have the exhaust means on either side of the vapor directing means spaced at different distances from the vapor directing means, or the exhaust means may be spaced equally from the vapor directing means, but at different distances from the substrate surface. In another embodiment, the apparatus comprises the means to alter the flow volume of the vapor directing means and the two exhaust means such that the flow volume of the first and second exhaust means are not equal, such as by the exhaust means having openings of unequal surface area, wherein the exhaust means may be spaced equally or unequally from the vapor directing means at the same or different distances from the substrate surface. In another embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a structural element bridging the space between the vapor directing means and the exhaust means, which may be spaced equally or unequally from the vapor directing means, and at the same or different distances from the substrate surface.

Claims

1. A coating apparatus comprising:

a means for directing a vapor in a first direction, said vapor directing means having a first side and an opposing second side;

a first means for directing an inert gas in the first direction, the first gas directing means in a spaced facing relationship to the first side of the vapor directing means;

a first exhaust means in a spaced facing relationship to the first side of the vapor directing means between and spaced from the first side of the vapor directing means and the first gas directing means, the first exhaust means pulling an atmosphere in a direction opposite the first direction;

a second means for directing an inert gas in the first direction, the second gas directing means in a spaced facing relationship to the second side of the vapor directing means;

a second exhaust means in a spaced facing relationship to the second side of the vapor directing means between and spaced from the second side of the vapor directing means and the second gas directing means, the second exhaust means pulling an atmosphere in a direction opposite the first direction,

wherein a coating zone is formed between said first and second exhaust means, the first and second gas directing means providing an inert gas curtain isolating an atmosphere within the coating zone from an atmosphere external of the coating zone, and

wherein said first and second exhaust means and said vapor directing means are positioned relative to one another such that the distance between said first exhaust means and said vapor directing means is defined as "x" and the distance between the second exhaust means and said vapor directing means is defined as "y", wherein the values of "x" and "y" are different.

2. The coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ratio of x/y is in the range of about 1.2 to about 50.

3. The coating apparatus of claim 2, wherein the ratio of x/y is in the range of about 1.5 to 3.0.

4. A coating apparatus comprising:

a means for directing a vapor in a first direction, said vapor directing means having a first side and an opposing second side;

a first means for directing an inert gas in the first direction, the first gas directing means in a spaced facing relationship to the first side of the vapor directing means;

a first exhaust means in a spaced facing relationship to the first side of the vapor directing means between and spaced from the first side of the vapor directing means and the first gas directing means, the first exhaust means pulling an atmosphere in a direction opposite the first direction;

a second means for directing an inert gas in the first direction, the second gas directing means in a spaced facing relationship to the second side of the vapor directing means;

a second exhaust means in a spaced facing relationship to the second side of the vapor directing means between and spaced from the second side of the vapor directing means and the second gas directing means, the second exhaust means pulling an atmosphere in a direction opposite the first direction,

wherein a coating zone is formed between said first and second exhaust means, the first and second gas directing means providing an inert gas curtain isolating an atmosphere within the coating zone from an atmosphere external of the coating zone, and

a means for controlling a flow volume of said first and second exhaust means such that the flow volume of said first and second exhaust means are different.

5. A coating apparatus according to claim 4,

wherein said first exhaust means further comprises an elongated opening having an area,

said second exhaust means further comprises an elongated opening having an area, and

wherein the area of said first and second elongated openings are different.

12. The coating apparatus of claim 4, wherein the means for controlling the flow volume includes said first exhaust means pulling a first atmosphere and the second exhaust means pulling a second atmosphere, wherein said atmospheres are different.

6. A coating apparatus comprising:

a means for directing a vapor in a first direction comprising a nozzle having an elongated outlet opening, said outlet opening having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, said vapor directing means having an first side and an opposing second side;

a first means for directing an inert gas in the first direction, the first gas directing means in a spaced facing relationship to the first side of the vapor directing means;

a first exhaust means having an elongated inlet opening, the first exhaust means in a spaced facing relationship to the first side of the vapor directing means between and spaced from the first side of said vapor directing means and the first gas directing means, the first exhaust means pulling an atmosphere in a direction opposite the first direction;

a second means for directing an inert gas in the first direction, the second gas directing means in a spaced facing relationship to the second side of the vapor directing means;

a second exhaust means having an elongated inlet opening, the second exhaust means in a spaced facing relationship to the second side of the vapor directing means between and spaced from the second side of the vapor directing means and the second gas directing means, the second exhaust means pulling an atmosphere in a direction opposite the first direction;

wherein a coating zone is formed between said first and second exhaust means, the first and second gas directing means providing an inert gas curtain isolating an atmosphere within the coating zone from an atmosphere external of the coating zone; and

whereby a first dimension is defined as a generally horizontal dimension extending along a direction parallel to the transverse axis of the nozzle, a second dimension is defined as a generally horizontal dimension extending along a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, the second dimension being substantially perpendicular to the first dimension, and a third dimension is defined as a generally vertical dimension mutually perpendicular to both the first and second dimensions;

wherein at least two of the inlet openings, the first outlet opening and the second outlet opening occupy differing positions in said third dimension.

7. A coating apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:

a first bridging structure interposed between the vapor directing means and the first exhaust means; and

a second bridging structure interposed between the vapor directing means and the second exhaust means;

wherein at least a portion of said first bridging structure, said second bridging structure and combinations thereof occupy different positions in said third dimension.

8. A coating apparatus according to claim 7,

wherein at least one of said first and second bridging structures is shaped such that its position in said third dimension varies as a function of the distance between the vapor directing means and the first and second exhaust means respectively.

9. A coating apparatus according to claim 8,

wherein at least one of said first and second bridging structures occupies a position in said third dimension linearly varying as a function of distance between the vapor directing means and the first or second exhaust means respectively.

10. A coating apparatus according to claim 8,

wherein at least one of said first and second bridging structures occupies a position in said third dimension varying nonlinearly as a function of distance between the vapor directing means and the first or second exhaust means respectively.

11. A coating apparatus according to claim 8,

wherein at least one of the first and second bridging structures occupies a first position in said third dimension for a first portion of the distance between the vapor directing means and said first or second exhaust means respectively, occupies a second position in said third dimension for a second portion of the distance between the vapor directing means and the first or second exhaust means respectively, and occupies a third position in said third dimension for a remaining portion of the distance between the vapor directing means and the first or second exhaust means respectively.

13. A coating apparatus for depositing a coating on a substrate, the coating having a varying chemical composition as the distance from the substrate/coating interface increases, comprising:

a means for moving a substrate in a downstream direction along an article movement path lying in a generally horizontal plane;

a means for directing a vapor comprising at least two chemical compositions toward the article movement path, the vapor directing means being positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path, said vapor directing means producing an upstream flow of the vapor and a downstream flow of the vapor along the surface of a substrate moved along said article movement path by said substrate moving means wherein at least a portion of said chemical composition in upstream vapor flow and said downstream vapor flow are deposited on the surface of the substrate;

a first means for directing an inert gas toward the article movement path, the first inert gas directing means being positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and in an upstream direction from the vapor directing means to produce a downstream flow of inert gas along the surface of a substrate moved along said article movement path by said substrate moving means;

a first exhaust means positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and interposed between said first inert gas directing means and said vapor directing means, said first exhaust means exhausting at least a portion of the upstream flow of said vapor and said downstream flow of said inert gas;

a second means for directing an inert gas toward the article movement path, the second inert gas directing means being positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and in a downstream direction from the vapor directing means to produce an upstream flow of inert gas along the surface of a substrate moved along said article movement path by said substrate moving means;

a second exhaust means positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and interposed between said second inert gas directing means and said vapor directing means, said second exhaust means exhausting at least a portion of the downstream flow of said vapor and said upstream flow of said inert gas; and

a means for controlling the ratio of the chemical compositions deposited on the surface of a substrate moved along said article movement path such that a first ratio is obtained upstream of said vapor directing means and a second ratio is obtained downstream of said vapor directing means;

wherein a coating is deposited on a surface of a substrate moved along said article movement having a varying chemical composition as a distance from the substrate/coating interface increases.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the means for controlling the ratio of the deposition of the chemical compositions comprises a means for differing an upstream coating vapor residence time between said vapor directing means and said first exhaust means from a downstream coating vapor residence time between said vapor directing means and said second exhaust means.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the means for differing said coating vapor residence times comprises positioning the first exhaust means a distance upstream of said vapor directing means and positioning said second exhaust means a second distance downstream of said vapor directing means wherein said first and second distance are not equal.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the means for differing the coating residence times includes a means for differentially spacing at least one of said first exhaust means, said second exhaust means and said vapor directing means above said article movement path.

17. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the means for differing the coating residence times includes a means for differing an upstream flow volume of said vapor between said vapor directing means and said first exhaust means from a downstream flow volume of said vapor between said vapor directing means and said second exhaust means.

18. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the means for differing the coating residence times comprises:

a first bridging structure positioned above the article movement path and interposed between the vapor directing means and the first exhaust means; and

a second bridging structure positioned above the article movement path and interposed between the vapor directing means and the second exhaust means;

each of said first and said second bridging structures being maintained in spaced relation above a surface of a substrate moved along said article movement path by said substrate moving means, said first bridging structure providing an upstream flow channel and said second bridging structure providing a downstream flow channel respectively for said vapor, said respective flow channels being bounded by the respective bridging structure and the substrate surface,

wherein the ratio of the chemical compositions deposited on the surface of the substrate is controlled by controlling the velocity of the upstream vapor flow and the downstream vapor flow through said respective flow channels by varying an element selected from the group consisting of the spacing between the first bridging structure and the substrate, the spacing between the second bridging structure and the substrate and combinations thereof to produce differential vapor coating residence times.

19. The coating apparatus of claim 13 further comprising a chamber having non-oxidizing atmosphere, wherein said first inert gas directing means, said first exhaust means, said vapor directing means, said second exhaust means and said second inert gas directing means are maintained within said chamber to form a coating zone;

wherein said first and second inert gas directing means provide a curtain of inert gas to prevent the non-oxidizing atmosphere of said chamber from entering said coating zone.

20. The coating apparatus of claim 13 wherein said chemical compositions are pyrolytically deposited on the surface of the substrate.

21. A coating apparatus for depositing a coating on a substrate comprising:

a means for moving a substrate in a downstream direction along an article movement path lying in a generally horizontal plane;

a means for directing a vapor comprising at least two chemical compositions toward the article movement path, the vapor directing means being positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path;

a first means for directing an inert gas toward the article movement path, the first inert gas directing means being positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and in an upstream direction from the vapor directing means;

a second means for directing an inert gas toward the article movement path, the second inert gas directing means being positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and in a downstream direction from the vapor directing means;

a first exhaust means positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and interposed between said first inert gas directing means and said vapor directing means;

a second exhaust means positioned in spaced relation above the article movement path and interposed between said second inert gas directing means and said vapor directing means; and

a means for controlling the ratio of the chemical compositions deposited on the surface of a substrate moved along said article movement path such that a first ratio is obtained upstream of said vapor directing means and a second ratio is obtained downstream of said vapor directing means.

22. The coating apparatus of claim 21 further comprising a chamber having non-oxidizing atmosphere, wherein said first inert gas directing means, said first exhaust means, said vapor directing means, said second exhaust means and said second inert gas directing means are maintained within said chamber to form a coating zone;

wherein said first and second inert gas directing means provide a curtain of inert gas to prevent the non-oxidizing atmosphere of said chamber from entering said coating zone.

23. The coating apparatus of claim 21 wherein said chemical compositions are pyrolytically deposited on the surface of the substrate.