Remotely programmable matrices with memories

• US 5,874,214 A
• Filed: 10/03/1995
• Issued: 02/23/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: NEXUS Biosystems, Inc. (Azenta, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Irori
• Inventors: Nova, Michael P., Senyei, Andrew E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zitomer, Stephanie W.
• Application Number:
  US08/538,387
• Time in Patent Office: 1,239 Days
• Field of Search: 435/6.5, 435/91.2, 435/6, 435/7.1, 435/7.8, 435/7.92, 536/23.1, 536/24.3, 536/24.32, 536/24.33, 604/50, 514/2, 433/7.1-7.9, 250/328, 235/449, 326/39, 436/501, 264/497, 364/499, 365/151, 365/153, 422/68.1, 422/57, 422/58, 422/82.05, 422/102, 422/104, 422/82.01, 422/82.12, 424/422, 424/489, 424/490, 424/178.1
• US Class Current: 506/33
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00295 the reactor vessels having pervious side walls
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00299 Generally cylindrical reactor vessels
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00308 interchangeably mounted in racks or blocks
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00333 Closures attached to the reactor vessels
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00344 Caps
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00461 Beads and reaction vessel together
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00463 Directed sorting
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/005 Beads
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00502 Particles of irregular geometry
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0054 Means for coding or tagging the apparatus or the reagents
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00542 Alphanumeric characters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00547 Bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00549 2-dimensional
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00551 3-dimensional
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0056 Raised or sunken areas
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00563 Magnetic means
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00567 Transponder chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00569 EEPROM memory devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00585 Parallel processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0059 : Sequential processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00592 : Split-and-pool, mix-and-divide processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00596 : Solid-phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00689 : using computers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00695 : Synthesis control routines, e.g. using computer programs
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0072 : Organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 : Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00725 : Peptides
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0609 : Holders integrated in container to position an object
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 : Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/00 : General methods for the preparation of peptides , i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/04 : on carriers C07K1/003, C07K1/006 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/047 : Simultaneous synthesis of different peptide species; Peptide libraries
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/06 : Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/10 : Libraries containing peptides or polypeptides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 60/14 : for creating libraries
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 70/00 : Tags or labels specially adapted for combinatorial chemistry or libraries, e.g. fluorescent tags or bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/149 : specially adapted for sorting particles, e.g. by their size or optical properties
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/00782 : reprogrammmable code
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/00732 : Identification of carriers, materials or components in automatic analysers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 35/00871 : Communications between instruments or with remote terminals
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0014 : comprising cells based on organic memory material
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0019 : comprising bio-molecules
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/025 : using fullerenes, e.g. C60, or nanotubes, e.g. carbon or silicon nanotubes

Abstract

Combinations, called matrices with memories, of matrix materials with remotely addressable or remotely programmable recording devices that contain at least one data storage unit are provided. The matrix materials are those that are used in as supports in solid phase chemical and biochemical syntheses, immunoassays and hybridization reactions. The data storage units are non-volatile antifuse memories or volatile memories, such as EEPROMS, DRAMS or flash memory. By virtue of this combination, molecules and biological particles, such as phage and viral particles and cells, that are in proximity or in physical contact with the matrix combination can be labeled by programming the memory with identifying information and can be identified by retrieving the stored information. Combinations of matrix materials, memories, and linked molecules and biological materials are also provided. The combinations have a multiplicity of applications, including combinatorial chemistry, isolation and purification of target macromolecules, capture and detection of macromolecules for analytical purposes, selective removal of contaminants, enzymatic catalysis, cell sorting, drug delivery, chemical modification and other uses. Methods for electronically tagging molecules, biological particles and matrix support materials, immunoassays, receptor binding assays, and other methods are also provided.

Claims

1. A combination of a matrix with memory, comprising:

(A) a recording device, comprising memory means containing a data storage unit; and

(B) a matrix, wherein;

the matrix is either comprised of particles of a size such that at least one dimension is no more than 100 mm or the matrix is in the form of a container selected from the group consisting of vials, test tubes, culture dishes, vessels of a volume of about 100 ml or less, and microtiter plates or is in the form of a continuous surface that encases the recording device; and

the recording device, further comprises;

reaction verifying means, comprising a sensor means which senses an energy release during a reaction and generates an electrical signal in response thereto.

2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the reaction verifying means is a photodetector and the energy release comprises an optical emission.

3. The combination of claim 1, wherein the reaction verifying means is a temperature sensor and the energy release comprises a change in temperature.

4. The combination of claim 1, wherein the reaction verifying means is a pH sensor and the energy release comprises a change in pH.

5. The combination of claim 1, wherein the reaction verifying means is a radiation sensor.

6. The combination of claim 1, wherein the electrical signal forms a data point for storage in the memory means.

7. The combination of claim 1, further comprising a battery in electrical communication with the recording device thereby providing an operating voltage to the memory means.

12. The combination of claim 1, wherein:

the recording device also comprises a plurality of memory address locations; and

each of the memory address locations is uniquely addressable for storing the plurality of data points.

13. The combination of claim 1, wherein the recording device further comprises an antenna for receiving transmitted electromagnetic radiation.

14. The combination of claim 1, wherein the recording device further comprises a shell that encloses the recording device.

15. The combination of claim 1, wherein the recording device is encased in the matrix material.

16. The combination of claim 1, wherein:

the recording device comprises an optical recording medium having a plurality of unique recording locations therein; and

each of the plurality of unique recording locations is uniquely addressable for storing a plurality of data points.

17. The combination of claim 1, wherein the matrix is particulate.

18. The combination of claim 17, wherein the matrix is contained within a porous container.

19. The combination of claim 18, wherein the recording device is also within the porous container.

20. The combination of claim 1, wherein the data storage unit comprises precoded data.

21. The combination of claim 20, wherein the precoded data comprises a bar code.

22. The combination of claim 15, wherein the recording device comprises precoded data.

23. The combination of claim 22, wherein the precoded data comprises a bar code.

24. The combination of claim 1, wherein the matrix is a container.

25. The combination of claim 24, wherein the matrix is contained within a porous container.

26. The combination of claim 24, wherein the data storage unit comprises precoded data.

27. The combination of claim 24, wherein the precoded data comprises a bar code.

28. The combination of claim 1, wherein the memory means comprises an antifuse.

29. The combination of claim 1, wherein the data storage unit comprises a non-volatile memory.

30. The combination of claim 17, wherein the data storage unit comprises a non-volatile memory.

31. The combination of claim 24, wherein the data storage unit comprises a non-volatile memory.

8. A method for drug delivery, to an animal, comprising:

combining with a drug delivery device a combination of a matrix with memory with a biosensor, wherein;

the combination of the matrix with memory comprises;

(A) a recording device, comprising a data storage unit; and

(B) a matrix that is either;

(i) comprised of particles of a size such that at least one dimension is no more than 100 mm;

or

(ii) is in the form of a continuous surface that encases the recording device; and

the recording device further comprises a sensor means that detects changes in an internal condition in the body of the animal and causes a record of such change to be recorded in the memory in the combination;

introducing the resulting combined drug delivery device-matrix with memory combination-biosensor into the body of an animal

monitoring changes in the internal condition in the body of the animal with a means that reads the memory in the combination; and

adjusting the delivery of the drug as a function of the recorded change in the internal condition.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the internal condition is the concentration of a metabolite, hormone, or electrolyte.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the internal condition is the concentration of glucose.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the internal condition is the concentration of an electrolyte.