Three-pin buck and four-pin boost converter having open loop output voltage control

• US 5,894,243 A
• Filed: 12/11/1996
• Issued: 04/13/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Micro Linear Corporation (Qorvo, Inc.)
• Inventors: Hwang, Jeffrey H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Callahan, Timothy P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): KIM, JUNG H
• Application Number:
  US08/763,401
• Time in Patent Office: 853 Days
• Field of Search: 323/301, 323/266, 323/282, 323/299, 323/242, 323/222, 327/176, 327/177, 327/332, 327/540, 327/175
• US Class Current: 327/540
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0022 the disturbance parameters being input voltage fluctuations
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A controlled output voltage is provided for a switching mode power converter operating in the continuous conduction mode without requiring a feedback path coupled to monitor the output voltage. Instead, a voltage related to the input voltage is monitored. The monitored voltage is compared to a periodic waveform for forming a switch control signal. In the case of a buck converter operating as a voltage regulator, over each period of the periodic waveform, the periodic waveform is representative of the inverse function. In the case of a boost converter operating as a voltage regulator or buck converter operating as a bus terminator or power amplifier, over each period of the periodic waveform, the periodic waveform has a linear slope. The switch control signal controls a duty cycle of the power switches. Therefore, switching is controlled in an open loop, rather than in a closed loop. By monitoring a voltage related to the input voltage, rather than the output voltage, an integrated circuit for controlling the buck converter or boost converter requires few pins and can sink or source current.

Claims

1. A switching mode power converter including an integrated circuit controller, wherein none of the pins of the integrated circuit controller are coupled to monitor a regulated output of the power converter, the integrated circuit controller comprising:

a. a first pin coupled to a first terminal of a first switch;

b. a second pin coupled to a second terminal of the first switch and to a first terminal of a second switch;

c. a third pin coupled to a second terminal of the second switch; and

d. a circuit coupled to control the first switch and the second switch by comparing a signal proportional to a voltage formed at the second terminal of the first switch to a periodic signal;

wherein the switching mode power converter further comprises;

a. a first energy storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first energy storage device is coupled to the second pin and wherein the regulated output is formed at the second terminal of the first energy storage device; and

b. a second energy storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second energy storage device is coupled to the second terminal of the first energy storage device and wherein the second terminal of the second energy storage device is coupled to the third pin.

2. The switching mode power converter according to claim 1 wherein the periodic signal is representative of 1/time vs. time over each period.

3. A switching mode power converter for providing an output voltage at an output node from an input voltage source, the power converter comprising:

a. a first switch for storing energy from the input source in an energy storage device;

b. a second switch for discharging the energy storage device, the second switch coupled to the first switch; and

c. a control circuit for controlling switching of the first switch and the second switch in an open loop based upon a level of the input voltage source wherein the control circuit compares a signal representative of the level of the input voltage source to a periodic waveform for controlling said switching.

4. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein the control circuit comprises:

a. a comparator having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal wherein the first input terminal of the comparator is coupled to receive the signal representative of the level of the input voltage source;

b. a generator for generating the periodic waveform at a first output terminal and a clock signal at a second output terminal wherein the first output terminal of the generator is coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator; and

c. a flip-flop having a first input, a second input and an output terminal, wherein the first input of the flip-flop is coupled to the output terminal of the comparator, the second input of the flip-flop is coupled to the second output terminal of the generator and the output terminal of the flip-flop is coupled to control said switching.

5. The switching mode power converter according to claim 4 wherein an input node for a variable signal is also coupled to the first input terminal of the comparator and wherein the output voltage is representative of the variable signal.

6. The switching mode power converter according to claim 4 wherein the generator comprises:

a. a capacitor wherein the periodic waveform is a voltage across the capacitor changing over time;

b. a current source coupled to the capacitor; and

c. a circuit for setting the voltage across the capacitor to a first level when the voltage reaches a second level wherein a maximum amplitude of the periodic waveform is a difference between the first level and the second level.

7. The switching mode power converter according to claim 6 wherein the maximum amplitude of the periodic waveform is representative of the input voltage and further wherein the current source provides a current that is representative of the maximum amplitude thereby the periodic waveform has a frequency that is substantially fixed despite changes in the input voltage.

8. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein the control circuit does not utilize a feedback loop for sensing the output voltage.

9. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein the energy storage device is an inductor.

10. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein the energy storage device is a capacitor.

11. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein a variable signal is added to the signal representative of the level of voltage at the first terminal of the energy storage device and wherein the output voltage is representative of the variable signal.

12. The switching mode power converter according to claim 11 wherein the input voltage is regulated.

13. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein the periodic waveform is representative of 1/time vs. time over each period.

14. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein an amplitude of the periodic waveform is representative of a variable signal and wherein the output voltage is representative of the variable signal.

15. The switching mode power converter according to claim 3 wherein the periodic waveform is linear over each period.

16. The switching mode power converter according to claim 15 wherein a maximum amplitude of the periodic waveform is representative of the input voltage.

17. The switching mode power converter according to claim 16 wherein a frequency of the periodic waveform remains substantially fixed despite variations in the input voltage.

18. A switching mode power converter for providing an output voltage at an output node from an input voltage source, the power converter comprising:

a. a first switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the input voltage source;

b. an energy storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal wherein a first terminal of the energy storage device is coupled to the second terminal of the first switch and the second terminal of the energy storage device is coupled to the output node;

c. a second switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second switch is coupled to the first terminal of the energy storage device and the second terminal is coupled to a ground node;

d. a control circuit for controlling switching of the first switch and the second switch by monitoring a level of voltage at the first terminal of the energy storage device, the control circuit coupled to the control terminal of the first switch, to the control terminal of the second switch and coupled to the first terminal of the energy storage device, wherein the control circuit comprises;

i. a comparator having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal wherein the first input terminal of the comparator is coupled to the first terminal of the energy storage device;

ii. a generator for generating a periodic waveform at a first output terminal and a clock signal a second output terminal wherein the first output terminal of the generator is coupled to the second input terminal of the comparator; and

iii. a flip-flop having a first input, a second input and an output terminal wherein the first input of the flip-flop is coupled to the output terminal of the comparator, the second input of the flip-flop is coupled to the second output terminal of the generator and the output terminal of the flip-flop is coupled to control switching.

19. The switching mode power converter according to claim 18 wherein an input node for a variable signal is also coupled to the first input terminal of the comparator and wherein the output voltage is representative of the variable signal.

20. The switching mode power converter according to claim 18 wherein the generator comprises:

a. a capacitor wherein the periodic waveform is a voltage across the capacitor changing over time;

b. a current source coupled to the capacitor; and

c. a circuit for setting the voltage across the capacitor to a first level when the voltage reaches a second level wherein a maximum amplitude of the periodic waveform is a difference between the first level and the second level.

21. The switching mode power converter according to claim 20 wherein the maximum amplitude of the periodic waveform is representative of the input voltage and further wherein the current source provides a current that is representative of the maximum amplitude thereby the periodic waveform has a frequency that is substantially fixed despite changes in the input voltage.

22. A switching mode power converter for providing an output voltage at an output node from an input voltage source, the power converter comprising:

a. a first switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the input voltage source;

b. an energy storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal wherein a first terminal of the energy storage device is coupled to the second terminal of the first switch and the second terminal of the energy storage device is coupled to the output node;

c. a second switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second switch is coupled to the first terminal of the energy storage device and the second terminal is coupled to a ground node;

d. a control circuit for controlling switching of the first switch and the second switch by monitoring a level of voltage at the first terminal of the energy storage device, the control circuit coupled to the control terminal of the first switch, to the control terminal of the second switch and coupled to the first terminal of the energy storage device, wherein the control circuit compares a signal representative of the level of voltage at the first terminal of the energy storage device to a periodic waveform for controlling switching.

23. The switching mode power converter according to claim 22 wherein the energy storage device is an inductor.

24. The switching mode power converter according to claim 22 wherein the energy storage device is a capacitor.

25. The switching mode power converter according to claim 22 wherein a variable signal is added to the signal representative of the level of voltage at the first terminal of the energy storage device and wherein the output voltage is representative of the variable signal.

26. The switching mode power converter according to claim 25 wherein the input voltage is regulated.

27. The switching mode power converter according to claim 22 wherein the periodic waveform is representative of 1/time vs. time over each period.

28. The switching mode power converter according to claim 22 wherein an amplitude of the periodic waveform is representative of a variable signal and wherein the output voltage is representative of the variable signal.

29. The switching mode power converter according to claim 22 wherein the periodic waveform is linear over each period.

30. The switching mode power converter according to claim 29 wherein a maximum amplitude of the periodic waveform is representative of the input voltage.

31. The switching mode power converter according to claim 30 wherein a frequency of the periodic waveform remains substantially fixed despite variations in the input voltage.

32. A switching mode power converter including an integrated circuit controller, the integrated circuit controller comprising:

a. a first pin coupled to a first terminal of a first switch;

b. a second pin coupled to a second terminal of the first switch and to a first terminal of a second switch;

c. a third pin coupled to a second terminal of the second switch; and

d. a circuit coupled to control the first switch and the second switch by comparing a signal proportional to a voltage formed at the second terminal of the first switch to a periodic signal wherein the voltage formed at the second terminal of the first switch is representative of an input voltage applied to the first pin when the first switch is closed.

33. The switching mode power converter according to claim 32 wherein the periodic signal is representative of 1/time vs. time over each period.

34. The switching mode power converter according to claim 32 further comprising:

a. a first energy storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first energy storage device is coupled to the second pin and wherein the regulated output is formed at the second terminal of the first energy storage device; and

b. a second energy storage device having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second energy storage device is coupled to the second terminal of the first energy storage device and wherein the second terminal of the second energy storage device is coupled to the third pin.

35. The switching mode power converter according to claim 34 wherein none of the pins of the integrated circuit controller are coupled to monitor a regulated output of the power converter.

36. A switching mode power converter including an integrated circuit controller, the integrated circuit controller comprising:

a. a first pin coupled to a first terminal of a first switch;

b. a second pin coupled to a second terminal of the first switch and to a first terminal of a second switch;

c. a third pin coupled to a second terminal of the second switch; and

d. a circuit coupled to control the first switch and the second switch by comparing a signal proportional to a voltage formed at the second terminal of the first switch to a periodic signal wherein the periodic signal is representative of 1/time vs. time over each period.

37. The switching mode power converter according to claim 36 wherein none of the pins of the integrated circuit controller are coupled to monitor a regulated output of the power converter.

38. A switching mode power converter for providing an output voltage at an output node from an input voltage source, the power converter comprising:

a. a first switch for storing energy from the input source in an energy storage device;

b. a second switch for discharging the energy storage device, the second switch coupled to the first switch; and

c. a control circuit for controlling switching of the first switch and the second switch in an open loop based upon a level of the input voltage source wherein the output voltage is controlled without being sensed by the control circuit.

39. The switching mode power converter according to claim 38 wherein the energy storage device is an inductor.

40. The switching mode power converter according to claim 38 wherein the energy storage device is a capacitor.

41. The switching mode power converter according to claim 38 wherein a variable signal is added to a signal representative of the level of the input voltage source and wherein the output voltage is representative of the variable signal.