Battery monitor and cycle status indicator

• US 5,895,440 A
• Filed: 12/23/1996
• Issued: 04/20/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xantrex Technology Incorporated (Mission Critical Electronics LLC)
• Original Assignee: Cruising Equipment Company, Inc.
• Inventors: Proctor, Richard L., Kahle, Steven H., Young, Richard H. Jr., Ure, George A., Merkes, William L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Trammell, James P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Cuong H.
• Application Number:
  US08/771,939
• Time in Patent Office: 848 Days
• Field of Search: 364/481, 364/483, 340/636, 324/426-427, 324/430, 324/433, 324/431, 324/435, 324/428-429, 324/436, 324/481, 429/92-93, 320/161, 320/149, 320/138, 320/152, 320/106, 320/110, 320/156, 320/125, 320/160, 320/163, 320/132, 320/145, 320/131, 320/150, 320/116, 320/124, 320/164, 320/118, 320/120 , 320/127, 320/162, 320/159, 702/63
• US Class Current: 702/63
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/32 Waterborne vessels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/42 Fork lift trucks
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/44 Industrial trucks or floor conveyors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/12 Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/25 by controlling the electric load
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/16542 for batteries charge condition monitoring in G01R31/36
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/364 Battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3646 for indicating electrical conditions or variables, e.g. visual or audible indicators
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/371 with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3835 involving only voltage measurements
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/60 Electric or hybrid propulsion means for production processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A battery monitor and cycle status indicator is disclosed. The battery monitor includes a voltage sensor capable of sensing the voltage between two nodes, for example, the positive and negative terminals of a battery. The voltage sensor is connected to an analog-to-digital converter which converts the analog voltage level sensed by the voltage sensor to a digital form. In turn, the analog-to-digital converter is coupled to a microprocessor. The microprocessor determines battery state-of-charge and historical values that relate to battery condition based upon the voltage levels provided by the analog-to-digital converter. The microprocessor is also coupled to a memory which stores battery history values computed by the microprocessor and program instructions for operation of the microprocessor. The battery monitor also includes a display that is capable of displaying battery state-of-charge and the historical values determined by the microprocessor. A switch is coupled to the microprocessor to inform the microprocessor to clear the history values presently stored in memory or to scroll the display from one battery parameter or history value to the next. The switch also enables the adjustment of the battery parameters that are stored in the memory to user-defined levels.

Claims

1. A battery monitor for monitoring a battery to determine battery state-of-charge and battery history, comprising:

means for sensing battery voltage level and providing a signal representative of the sensed voltage level; and

means for processing the signal representative of the sensed voltage level and stored battery voltage values to determine battery history as a function of changes in the sensed battery voltage level compared to stored battery voltage values.

2. The battery monitor of claim 1, further comprising a means for processing the signal representative of the sensed voltage level to determine battery state-of-charge as a function of changes in the battery voltage level.

3. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery monitor is battery-mountable.

4. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery history comprises the number of cycles experienced by the battery.

5. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery history comprises time since last charge.

6. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery history comprises lifetime battery discharge time.

7. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery history comprises time since last equalization.

8. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery history comprises average discharge voltage.

9. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery history comprises lowest battery voltage.

10. The battery monitor of claim 2, wherein the battery history comprises average low voltage.

11. The battery monitor of claim 2, further comprising a display for displaying the battery state-of-charge, history, and battery parameters that relate to the monitoring of the battery.

12. The battery monitor of claim 11, wherein the display includes:

a light emitting diode display for indicating the state-of-charge of the battery; and

a liquid crystal display for displaying the battery history and battery parameters.

13. The battery monitor of claim 12, wherein the light emitting diode display comprises at least one multi-state light emitting diode for emitting light of different colors to represent different battery state-of-charge conditions.

14. The battery monitor of claim 11, further comprising memory means for storing the battery history and battery parameters.

15. The battery monitor of claim 14, wherein the parameter values may be adjusted by a user.

16. The battery monitor of claim 11, further comprising temperature sensing means for compensation of the battery parameters relative to changes in temperature conditions.

17. The battery monitor of claim 11, wherein the display includes a back light.

18. The battery monitor of claim 14, further comprising an acid-proof housing for containment and protection of the display, the memory means and the means for processing.

19. The battery monitor of claim 14, wherein the processing means is responsive to stored in the memory means for determining the battery characteristics for one of a plurality of batteries having different nominal voltages.

20. A battery monitor for determining and displaying battery history, comprising:

a voltage sensor for sensing the battery voltage across positive and negative terminals of the battery;

an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the voltage sensor for converting the voltage sensed by the voltage sensor to a digital representation of battery voltage;

a microprocessor coupled to the analog-to-digital converter, the microprocessor operating responsive to stored program instructions and battery voltage parameter values for determining battery history data based upon changes in battery voltage, and supplying signals representative of the battery history data;

a memory coupled to the microprocessor for storing the program instructions for operating the microprocessor, the parameter values for use by the microprocessor in determining the battery history data, and the battery history data; and

a display coupled to the microprocessor for displaying battery history data.

21. The battery monitor of claim 20, wherein the microprocessor operates responsive to stored program instructions for determining battery state-of-charge.

22. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery monitor is battery-mountable.

23. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery history data includes the number of cycles experienced by the battery.

24. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery history data includes time since last charged.

25. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery history data includes lifetime battery discharge time.

26. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery history data includes time since last equalization.

27. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery history comprises average discharge voltage.

28. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery history comprises lowest battery voltage.

29. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the battery history comprises average low voltage.

30. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the display includes:

a light emitting diode display for indicating the state-of-charge of the battery; and

a liquid crystal display for displaying the battery history data and the parameter values.

31. The battery monitor of claim 30, wherein the light emitting diode display includes at least one multi-state light emitting diode for emitting light of different colors to represent different battery state-of-charge conditions.

32. The battery monitor of claim 21, further comprising means for user initiated adjustment of the battery parameter values to provide selective adjustment of the determination of the battery history data.

33. The battery monitor of claim 21, further comprising a thermistor coupled to the microprocessor for enabling the microprocessor to adjust the battery parameter values for changes in temperature conditions.

34. The battery monitor of claim 21, further comprising a back light for providing light for the display.

35. The battery monitor of claim 21, further comprising an acid-proof housing for encasement of the analog-to-digital converter, the microprocessor, the memory and the display.

36. The battery monitor of claim 21, wherein the microprocessor is responsive to program instructions stored in the memory for determining the battery history for one of a plurality of batteries having different nominal voltages.

37. The battery monitor of claim 21, further comprising a switch coupled to the microprocessor for enabling a user to control the display of battery state-of-charge and battery history data.

38. The battery monitor of claim 37, wherein the microprocessor is responsive to program instructions stored in the memory and activation of the switch to alternatively scroll the battery history data and battery parameter values displayed on the display, clear the battery history data stored in the memory, and adjust the battery parameter values used by the microprocessor to determine the battery history.