Communication system with hierarchical server structure

• US 5,898,456 A
• Filed: 04/19/1996
• Issued: 04/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alcatel NV (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Alcatel NV (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Wahl, Stefan
• Primary Examiner(s): Tung, Bryan
• Assistant Examiner(s): DIEP, NHON THANH
• Application Number:
  US08/634,761
• Time in Patent Office: 1,103 Days
• Field of Search: 348/6, 348/7, 348/8, 348/10, 348/12, 348/13, 348/16, 348/17, 455/3.1, 455/4.1, 455/4.2, 455/453, 455/552, 455/553, 455/560, 455/561, 455/436, 455/439
• US Class Current: 725/91
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2225 Local VOD servers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23106 involving caching operations prefetching while addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means within memory systems or architectures G06F12/0862; caching at an intermediate stage in a data network H04L67/568
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/47202 for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17318 Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests

Abstract

A communication system (KS) with a hierarchical server structure is indicated for a demand service, which makes possible a suitable compliance with requests for services from users (U1 . . . UN). To that end, the communication system (KS), as viewed by the respective user (U1 . . . UN), is divided into a central (I) and a local (II) distance zone. Movies (A1 . . . A10) frequently requested by the users (U1 . . . UN) are stored in local servers (SL1 . . . SLN) and seldom requested movies (B1 . . . B100) are stored in central servers (SM). According to the invention, in case the local server (SL1) is unable to provide a movie (B2) requested by a user (U11 . . . U13), the central server SM or another local server (SL2 . . . SLN) complies with the request through a switched connection between the requesting user (U11 . . . U13) and the central server (SM), or the other local server (SL2 . . . SLN).

Claims

1. A communication system (KS) comprising:

servers (SM, SL1, . . . , SLN) each having a memory (SPM, SPL1, . . . , SPLN) for storing services and a control facility (CM, CL1, . . . , CLN);

exchanges (VSTM, VST1, . . . , VSTN) connected to the servers (SM, SL1, . . . , SLN) and with one another; and

user terminals (U1, . . . UN) connected to the exchanges (VSTM, VST1, . . . , VSTN),

the servers (SM, SL1, . . . , SLN) being organized in the form of a hierarchical structure with subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SLN) and superordinate servers (SM),

characterized in that if one of the subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SLN) signals to a respective superordinate server that the subordinate server is unable to provide a service requested by one of the user terminals (U1, . . . , UN), the respective superordinate server (SM) determines whether said respective superordinate server or another one of the subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SLN) is in a position to comply with the request from the user terminal (U1, . . . , UN) via a switched connection between the requesting user terminal (U1, . . . , UN) and the respective superordinate server (SM) or said another one of the subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SLN).

2. A communication system as claimed in claim 1, characterized by being divided into one or more distance zones (I, II) as viewed from one of the user terminals (U1, . . . , UN), and in that the subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SLN) are located in a distance zone (II) close to the user, while the superordinate servers (SM) are located in a central distance zone (I).

3. A communication system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the control facility (CM, CL1, . . . , CLN) of each server (SM, SL1, . . . , SLN) determines a service request value (FAW) for each service stored in the memory (SPM, SPL1, . . . , SPLN), that the service request value (FAW) is an indication of a frequency of requests for the service from the user terminals (U1, . . . , UN), and that the service request value (FAW) is a criterion for storing of one of the services in one of the subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SLN) or in a respective superordinate server (SM).

4. A communication system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in

that a control facility (CL1, . . . , CLN) of each subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) initiates a transfer of the service request values (FAW) to the superordinate server (SM),

that a control facility (CM) of the superordinate server (SM) compares the transferred service request value (FAW) from each subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) with service request values (FAW) for requests for services (B2) which are handled by the superordinate server (SM) because of an inability of a respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) to provide said services, and

that the control facility (CM) of the superordinate server (SM) causes a service (B2) to be copied into the memory (SPL1, . . . , SPLN) for storing services of a respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) whose service request value (FAW) in the superordinate server (SM) is greater than a service request value (FAW) for one (A10) of the services of the respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN).

5. A communication system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the service request value specifies a time integral of a function which has a negative value if no request is present for a particular service in a respective server (SM, SL1, . . . , SLN), and which, if a number of requests for the particular service are present simultaneously, has a positive value which depends on the number of requests that are present simultaneously.

6. A communication system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the control facility (CM) of the respective superordinate server (SM) increases the service request value (FAW) disproportionately for the service (B2) for which the request from one of the user terminals (U1, . . . , UN) is handled by the respective superordinate server (SM) because the respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) is unable to provide this service.

7. A communication system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the control facility (CL1, . . . , CLN) of each subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) initiates the transfer of the service request values (FAW) to the superordinate server (SM) at predetermined time intervals.

8. A communication system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that if the respective superordinate server determines that said another one of the superordinate servers is in a position to comply with the request, the respective superordinate server establishes a connection between said one of the user terminals and said another one of the superordinate servers.

9. A communication system as claimed in claim 8, characterized by being divided into one or more distance zones (I, II) as viewed from one of the user terminals (U1, . . . , UN), and in that the subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SLN) are located in a distance zone (II) close to the user, while the superordinate servers (SM) are located in a central distance zone (I).

10. A communication system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the control facility (CM, CL1, . . . , CLN) of each server (SM, SL1, . . . , SLN) determines a service request value (FAW) for each service stored in the memory (SPM, SPL1, . . . , SPLN), that the service request value (FAW) is an indication of a frequency of requests for the service from the user terminals (U1, . . . , UN), and that the service request value (FAW) is a criterion for storing of one of the services in one of the subordinate servers (SL1, . . . , SL1) or in a respective superordinate server (SM).

11. A communication system as claimed in claim 10, characterized in

that a control facility (CL1, . . . , CLN) of each subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) initiates a transfer of the service request values (FAW) to the superordinate server (SM),

that a control facility (CM) of the superordinate server (SM) compares the transferred service request value (FAW) from each subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) with service request values (FAW) for requests for services (B2) which are handled by the superordinate server (SM) because of an inability of a respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) to provide said services, and

that the control facility (CM) of the superordinate server (SM) causes a service (B2) to be copied into the memory (SPL1, . . . , SPLN) for storing services of a respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) whose service request value (FAW) in the superordinate server (SM) is greater than a service request value (FAW) for one (A10) of the services of the respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN).

12. A communication system as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the service request value specifies a time integral of a function which has a negative value if no request is present for a particular service in a respective server (SM, SL1 . . . , SLN), and which, if a number of requests for the particular service are present simultaneously, has a positive value which depends on the number of requests that are present simultaneously.

13. A communication system as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the control facility (CM) of the respective superordinate server (SM) increases the service request value (FAW) disproportionately for the service (B2) for which the request from one of the user terminals (U1, . . . , UN) is handled by the respective superordinate server (SM) because the respective subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) is unable to provide this service.

14. A communication system as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the control facility (CL1, . . . , CLN) of each subordinate server (SL1, . . . , SLN) initiates the transfer of the service request values (FAW) to the superordinate server (SM) at predetermined time intervals.