Triple multiplexing spread spectrum receiver

• US 5,901,171 A
• Filed: 04/25/1996
• Issued: 05/04/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: CSR Technology Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: SIRF Technology Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kohli, Sanjai, Chen, Steven
• Primary Examiner(s): Bocure, Tesfaldet
• Application Number:
  US08/638,021
• Time in Patent Office: 1,104 Days
• Field of Search: 375/200, 375/208, 375/343, 375/209, 375/267, 375/342, 342/357
• US Class Current: 375/147
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/26 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 22/00 Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/11 wherein the cooperating elements are pseudolites or satellite radio beacon positioning system signal repeaters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/26 involving a sensor measurement for aiding acquisition or tracking
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/29 carrier including Doppler, related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/30 code related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/37 Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/47 the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/48 by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/50 whereby the position solution is constrained to lie upon a particular curve or surface, e.g. for locomotives on railway tracks
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7085 using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7115 Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/70706 using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/70715 with application-specific features
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/216 Code division or spread-spectrum multiple access [CDMA, SSMA]

Abstract

A GPS car navigation system permits single satellite navigation by representing the x and y unknowns with on-track and cross track vectors and estimating the z and t unknowns. An estimate of the y unknown, representing the maximum width of the track or roadway, is thereby combined with altitude and clock hold estimates to derive GPS position information along the predicted track. Turns along the track are detected when they actually occur and are compared with the predicted turns so that the time and position at the actual turn can be used to update the then current GPS derived position of the vehicle. Updating position information with actual turn data improves the accuracy of GPS navigation especially when using single satellite navigation. Multiple, parallel correlations of data in a wide capture window extending, at 1/2 chip width intervals or less from the predicted prompt correlation delay of a previously tracked satellite, permits seamless tracking and rapid reacquisition at speeds sufficient to permit position information updates during momentary view available of satellites in intersections. The satellite tracking and data processing is implemented in an ASIC which is configured to use a minimum number of gates. The received data is processed in 11 bit samples, for a total of 186 time segments per 1 msec code period, which are each doppler shifted and multiplexed into 12 channels. The code correlations are performed 22 times per channel by shifting the 11 bit locally generated code by one bit each correlation. The chip rate of the incoming data is 2f₀ and the correlations are performed at 48f₀ providing a time magnification advantage of 24.

Claims

1. A spread spectrum receiver for receiving signals modulated by a spectrum spreading code having a fixed number of bits repeated during a fixed length time period being transmitted from a plurality of transmitters, comprising:

first means for dividing the fixed length time period into a number of time segments evenly divisible into the twice the fixed number of bits;

second means for applying each time segment to each of a number of channels, each of said channels being used for tracking one of said plurality of transmitters; and

third means for applying each of said time segments in each of said channels to a number of code phase delay tests.

2. The invention of claim 1 for use in a C/A code tracking GPS system wherein:

the code repetition factor is an integral multiple of 31.

3. The invention of claim 1 wherein:

the number of channels is an integral multiple of 3.

4. The invention of claim 1 wherein:

the number of code phase delay tests is an integral multiple of 11.

5. The invention of claim 2 wherein:

the number of channels is an integral multiple of 3; and

the number of code phase delay tests is an integral multiple of 11.

6. The invention of claim 2 wherein:

the number of channels is an integral multiple of 11; and

the number of code phase delay tests is an integral multiple of 3.

8. A receiver for processing signals from a plurality of transmitting sources, each modulated by a different spectrum spreading code repeating at a common fixed interval, comprising:

a sampler for deriving digitally filtered I and Q samples from a composite of spread spectrum signals received from the plurality of transmitting sources;

means for dividing the filtered I and Q samples of the signals being received during each interval into a number of time segments;

a time division multiplexer for applying different versions of the samples into each of a number of channels, each channel representing a different one of said plurality of transmitting sources;

a correlator for correlating the version of the sample in each channel with a series of sequentially delayed versions of the spectrum spreading code applied to the signals from the transmitting source represented by that channel; and

an accumulator associated with each of said series of delays in each of said channels for processing the results of correlations performed during one or more intervals to derive information related to said received signals.

7. The invention of claim 11, wherein:

the product of the number of time segments, the number of channels, and the number of code phase delay tests is an even integer multiple of the number of bits.

9. The invention of claim 8, wherein the means for applying samples of the signals received during a time segment further comprises:

a parallel block for transferring the samples collected during each time segment in parallel at the end of that time segment to the time division multiplexer.

10. The invention of claim 9, further comprising:

a code generator for sequentially generating a series of code phase samples of a copy of the code from each source, each code phase sample having a number of bits equal to the number of bits received during each time segment.

11. The invention of claim 10, wherein the correlator further comprises:

a plurality of one bit correlators operating in parallel to correlate each bit of each code phase sample with a corresponding one of the series of bits in the version of the signals in that channel.

12. The invention of claim 11, wherein each code phase sample differs from the preceding code phase sample for the same channel by one bit from the code generator.

13. A method of processing signals from a plurality of transmitting sources modulated by different spread spectrum codes, comprising the steps of:

sampling the signals as received to produce an integer series of sampling segments at a sampling rate at least twice a chip rate of the codes, each sampling segment containing an integer number of bits representing a fraction of a chip of the codes;

time division multiplexing each sampling segment into a number of channels;

correlating the bits in each sampling segment in each channel in parallel with a source specific series of locally generated sequential code samples differing by one bit;

summing each parallel correlation; and

accumulating the summed parallel correlations for each code sample in each channel at a rate at least equal to the chip rate to derive data related to each of the sources.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of:

serially generating the code bits at a coder rate equal to an integer multiple of the sampling rate.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the product of the sampling rate, the number of channels and the coder rate contains all the prime numbers in the chip rate.

16. The method of claim 15 for use with GPS signals having a 1023 chip code at a 1 msec chip rate wherein the sampling rate is an integer multiple of 31.