Method and circuit arrangement for adjusting the level or dynamic range of an audio signal

• US 5,907,823 A
• Filed: 09/11/1996
• Issued: 05/25/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 2011 Intellectual Property Asset Trust (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Nokia Mobile Phones UK Limited (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Koski, Ari, Vaananen, Mauri, Sjoberg, Jari, Kivinen, Janne
• Primary Examiner(s): Hudspeth, David R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Smits, Talivaldis Ivars
• Application Number:
  US08/710,014
• Time in Patent Office: 986 Days
• Field of Search: 381/94, 381/110, 379/406, 379/410, 379/411, 704/225, 704/215, 704/228, 704/233
• US Class Current: 704/225
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3005 in amplifiers suitable for low-frequencies, e.g. audio amplifiers H03G3/32, H03G3/34 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/32 the control being dependent upon ambient noise level or sound level
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 7/002 in untuned or low-frequency amplifiers, e.g. audio amplifiers H03G7/007, H03G7/001, H03G7/008, H03G7/02, H03G7/06 take precedence

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of an audio signal in a transmission system and particularly in a mobile station. According to the invention, the level of acoustic noise in the environment of a terminal (10, 12) and the level and noise level of a received signal are measured (123) and the level and/or dynamic range of the reproduced signal are adjusted (121, 122) according to the results from said measurements. The solution according to the invention helps reduce the effect of noise in the signal transmitted on the transmission channel (11) and of the acoustic noise in the environment of the terminal (12) on the intelligibility of the reproduced information.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of a first audio signal (s_1a) containing noise and information for reproduction in a space containing acoustic noise, comprising the steps of:

measuring the level of said first audio signal to obtain a first measured value (p₁),

measuring the noise level of said first audio signal to obtain a second measured value (p₂),

measuring the acoustic noise level of said space to attain a third measured value (p₃), and

adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of said first audio signal in accordance with said first, second, and third measured values (p₁,p₂,p₃).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said noise level measurement for the first audio signal (s_1a) is performed at moments when the first audio signal does not contain information.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to the noise level measurement for the first audio signal (s_1a) the first audio signal is filtered according to the frequency distribution of the signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to the acoustic noise level measurement the sound pressure is converted to a second audio signal (s_2a) which is measured to obtain said third measured value (p₃).

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said measurement for the second audio signal (s_2a) is performed at moments when the second audio signal does not contain information.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein prior to said measurement for the second audio signal (s_2a), the second audio signal is filtered according to the frequency distribution of the second audio signal.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein to adjust the dynamic range and/or level of said first audio signal (s_2a) the first audio signal is multiplied by a control value (d₁) which depends on said first, second and third measured values (p₁,p₂,p₃).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, prior to the multiplication of the first audio signal (p_1a), the first audio signal is delayed by a delay the length of which substantially equals the time consumed in the calculation of the control value (d₁).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first audio signal (s_1a) is transmitted in a transmission system between a first terminal (10) and a second terminal (12), said second terminal being located in said space.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first audio signal (s_1a) is transmitted from the first terminal (10) to the second terminal (12) and the second audio signal (s_2a) is transmitted from the second terminal to the first terminal, and

the level of said first audio signal is measured to obtain a first measured value (p₁),

the noise level of said first audio signal is measured to obtain a second measured value (p₂),

the acoustic noise level of said space is measured to obtain a third measured value (p₃), and

the level and/or dynamic range of said first audio signal are adjusted according to said first, second, and third measured values (p₁,p₂,p₃).

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the level and noise level measurement for said first audio signal (s_1a), the acoustic noise level measurement for said space from the second audio signal (s_2a), and the level and/or dynamic range adjustment for said first audio signal are performed in said second terminal (12).

12. The method of claim 10, wherein

the level of said first audio signal (s_1a) is measured at the first terminal (10) to obtain a first measured value (p₁),

the noise level of said first audio signal is measured at said first terminal to obtain a second measured value (p₂),

the level and/or dynamic range of said first audio signal are adjusted according to said first and second measured values (p₁,p₂) ,

the acoustic noise level of said space is measured from the second audio signal (s_2a) at said second terminal (12) to obtain a third measured value (p₃), and

the level and/or dynamic range of said first audio signal (s_1a) are adjusted according to said third measured value (p₃).

13. The method of claim 9, wherein the continuous power level of said second audio signal (s_2a) is measured to obtain a fourth measured value (p₄) and the level and/or dynamic range of said second audio signal (s_2a) are adjusted according to said third measured value (p₃) and fourth measured value (p₄) and the adjusted audio signal (s_2a) is transmitted from said second terminal (12) to said first terminal (10).

14. The method of claim 1, wherein a predetermined conversion time constant is used in the dynamic range and/or level adjustment.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said conversion time constant is 1 to 100 ms.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein said first audio signal is transmitted in a mobile communication system on a downlink transmission path from a base station to a mobile station.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said first audio signal is transmitted in a mobile communication system on an uplink transmission path from a mobile station to a base station.

18. A method for adjusting the dynamic range and/or level of a second audio signal (s_2a) picked up from a space, comprising the steps of:

measuring the acoustic noise level of said space from said second audio signal (s_2a) to obtain said third measured value (p₃),

measuring the continuous power level of said second audio signal (s_2a) to obtain a fourth measured value (p₄),

adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of said second audio signal (s_2a) in accordance with said third measured value (p₃) and fourth measured value (p₄).

19. The method of claim 18, wherein said second audio signal (s_2a) is transmitted after the dynamic range and/or level adjustment to a transmission channel (11) in a transmission system.

20. A circuit arrangement for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of a first audio signal (s_1a) reproduced in a space, comprising:

means (303) for measuring the level of the first audio signal (s_1a) to obtain a first measured value (p₁),

means (303) for measuring the noise level in the first audio signal (s_1a) to obtain a second measured value (p₂),

means (313) for measuring the noise level in said space to obtain a third measured value (p₃), and

means (304,

     306) for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of the first audio signal (s_1a) in accordance with said first, second and third measured values (p₁,p₂,p₃).

21. The circuit arrangement of claim 20, further comprising a weighting filter (302,312), disposed prior to the signal power measuring means (303, 313), having an output signal (s_1f) level which depends on the frequency of the input signal (s_1a) in order to make the power measurement value (p₁,p₂,p₃) dependent on the signal frequency distribution.

22. The circuit arrangement of claim 21, wherein said weighting filter (302,312) is one of an A-, B-, C- and P-type filter.

23. The circuit arrangement of claim 20, further comprising

means for picking up a second audio signal (s_2a) from said space,

means (312,313) for measuring the ambient noise level of the space from said second audio signal to obtain said third measured value (p₃), and

means (314,316) for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of the second audio signal (s_2a) in accordance with said third measured value (p₃) and fourth measured value (p₄).

24. The circuit arrangement of claim 20, further comprising means (305,315) tor delaying one of the first audio signal (s_1a) and the second audio signal (s_2a) prior to the level and/or dynamic range adjustment.

25. A circuit arrangement for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of a second audio signal (s_2a) picked up from a space, comprising

means (312,313) tor measuring the ambient noise level of said space from said second audio signal to obtain said third measured value (p₃),

means (312,313) for measuring the level of said second audio signal and to obtain a fourth measured value (p₄), and

means (122, 314, 316) for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of the second audio signal (s_2a) in accordance with said third measured value (p₃) and fourth measured value (p₄).

26. The circuit arrangement of claim 25, further comprising means (120) for transmitting said second audio signal (s_2a) to a transmission channel (11) in a transmission system after said dynamic range and/or level adjusting means (122).

27. A method for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of a first audio signal (s_1a) containing noise and information for reproduction in a space containing acoustic noise, comprising the steps of:

measuring the level of said first audio signal to obtain a first measured value (p₁),

measuring the noise level of said first audio signal to obtain a second measured value (p₂),

measuring the acoustic noise level of said space to obtain a third measured value (p₃), and

adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of said first audio signal in accordance with said first, second and third measured values (p₁, p₂, p₃) by

expanding the signal, when the signal level value is below a first threshold value (g),

compressing the signal, when the signal level value is above a second threshold value (i), and

processing the signal in a substantially linear manner, when the signal level value is between said first and second threshold values (g,i).

28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the threshold values are determined on the basis of the measured values.

30. A method according to claim 28, wherein the threshold values are determined on the basis of the measured values.

29. A method for adjusting the dynamic range and/or level of a second audio signal (s_2a) picked up from a space, comprising the steps of:

measuring the acoustic noise level of said space from said second audio signal (s_2a) to obtain said third measured value (p₃),

measuring the continuous power level of said second audio signal (s_2a) to obtain a fourth measured value (p₄),

adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of said second audio signal (s_2a) according to said third measured value (p₃) and fourth measured value (p₄) by

expanding the signal, when the signal level value is below a first threshold value (g),

compressing the signal, when the signal level value is above a second threshold value (i), and

processing the signal in a substantially linear manner, when the signal level value is between said two threshold values (g,i).

31. A circuit arrangement for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of a first audio signal (s_1a) reproduced in a space, comprising:

means (303) to measure the level of the first audio signal (s_1a) to obtain a first measured value (p₁),

means (303) to measure the noise level in the first audio signal (s_1a) to obtain a second measured value (p₂),

means (313) to measure the noise level in said space to obtain a third measured value (p₃), and

means (304,

     306) to adjust the level and/or dynamic range of the first audio signal (s_1a) according to said first, second and third measured values (p₁,p₂,p₃) comprising;

means for expanding the signal, when the signal level value is below a first threshold value (g),

means for compressing the signal, when the signal level value is above a second threshold value (i), and

means for processing the signal in a substantially linear manner, when the signal level value is between said two threshold values (g,i).

32. A circuit arrangement according to claim 31, wherein the threshold values are determined on the basis of the measured values.

33. A circuit arrangement for adjusting the level and/or dynamic range of a second audio signal (s_2a) picked up from a space, comprising:

means (312,313) to measure the ambient noise level of said space from said second audio signal to obtain said third measured value (p₃),

means (312,313) to measure the level of said second audio signal and to obtain a fourth measured value (p₄), and

means (122,314,316) to adjust the level and/or dynamic range of the second audio signal (s_2a) according to said third measured value (p₃) and fourth measured value (p₄) comprising;

means for expanding the signal, when the signal level value is below a first threshold value (g),

means for compressing the signal, when the signal level value is above a second threshold value (i), and

means for processing the signal in a substantially linear manner, when the signal level value is between said two threshold values (g,i).

34. A circuit arrangement according to claim 33, wherein the threshold values are determined on the basis of the measured values.