Method and apparatus for fingerprinting and authenticating various magnetic media

• US 5,920,628 A
• Filed: 01/09/1997
• Issued: 07/06/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 01/09/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Washington University In St Louis
• Original Assignee: Washington University In St Louis
• Inventors: Morley, Robert E. Jr., Muller, Marcel W., Indeck, Ronald S.
• Primary Examiner(s): CANGIALOSI, SALVATORE A
• Application Number:
  US08/780,772
• Time in Patent Office: 908 Days
• Field of Search: 380/3, 380/4, 380/23, 380/25
• US Class Current: 360/25
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00094 involving measures which result in a restriction to authorised record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00123 the record carrier being identified by recognising some of its unique characteristics, e.g. a unique defect pattern serving as a physical signature of the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00876 wherein physical copy protection means are attached to the medium, e.g. holograms, sensors, or additional semiconductor circuitry

Abstract

A method and apparatus are disclosed for determining the remanent noise in a magnetic medium by, for example, dc saturation of a region thereof and measurement of the remaining dc magnetization. A conventional magnetic recording transducer may be used to determine the remanent noise. Upon determination, the remanent noise may then be digitized and stored on the same magnetic medium, in a database, or both to thereby "fingerprint" the magnetic medium. This "fingerprint" may then be later used to verify and authenticate the magnetic medium as being an original. The magnetic medium may be of a type adapted to record information magnetically or, even more broadly, any magnetic surface or substance that can be sensed through its magnetic field. In such manner, any magnetic medium, or any object having an associated magnetic medium, may be "fingerprinted" including credit cards, computer program diskettes, magneto-optic discs, videotapes, cassette tapes, bank checks, stock certificates, etc. A different or additional portion of the magnetic medium can be selected each time the medium is authenticated. In this manner, different fingerprint data can be used for each authentication procedure for added security, and to avoid the ramifications of possible counterfeiting, on-line interception, electronic eavesdropping, or sharing of access data by unscrupulous users.

Claims

1. A method for fingerprinting an object, the object including at least in part a magnetic medium, the method comprising the steps of determining a plurality of fingerprints, each of the plurality of fingerprints representing a remanent noise for a portion of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium, and recording the plurality of fingerprints for use when later verifying the object'"'"'s identity.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the determining step includes determining the plurality of fingerprints as representing remanent noises for adjacent portions of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the recording step includes recording the plurality of fingerprints in a database.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of encrypting the plurality of fingerprints.

5. A method for fingerprinting an object to facilitate a later verification of the object'"'"'s identity, the object including at least in part a magnetic medium, the magnetic medium having at least one region having a plurality of unique fingerprints, the method comprising the steps of determining a remanent noise for the entirety of the magnetic medium region, the remanent noise comprising the plurality of unique fingerprints, and recording the remanent noise.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the recording step includes recording the remanent noise in a database.

7. A device for fingerprinting an object for the later verification of the object'"'"'s identity, the object including at least in part a magnetic medium, the device comprising a reader for determining a plurality of fingerprints, each of the plurality of fingerprints representing a remanent noise for a portion of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium, and a recorder for recording the plurality of fingerprints.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein the reader is configured for determining the plurality of fingerprints from discontiguous portions of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium.

9. The device of claim 7 wherein the recorder is configured for recording the plurality of fingerprints in a database.

10. The device of claim 9 further comprising an encryptor for encrypting the plurality of fingerprints.

11. A device for fingerprinting an object to facilitate a later verification of the object'"'"'s identity, the object including at least in part a magnetic medium, the magnetic medium having at least one region having a plurality of unique fingerprints, the device comprising a reader for determining a remanent noise for the entirety of the magnetic medium region, the remanent noise comprising the plurality of unique fingerprints, and a recorder for recording the remanent noise.

12. The device of claim 11 wherein the recorder is configured for recording the remanent noise in a database.

13. A method for authenticating an object, the object including at least in part a magnetic medium, the method comprising the steps of selecting at least one portion of the magnetic medium which is not reliably the same portion selected in a most recent previous selection, obtaining remanent noise data from the selected portion, and comparing the remanent noise data obtained from the selected portion with a previous determination thereof to thereby determine whether the object is authentic.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the selecting step includes selecting a plurality of portions of the magnetic medium, the obtaining step includes obtaining remanent noise data from the plurality of selected portions, and the comparing step includes comparing the remanent noise data obtained from the plurality of selected portions with a previous determination thereof to thereby determine whether the object is authentic.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the selecting step includes selecting at least two overlapping portions of the magnetic medium.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the selecting step includes selecting at least two portions of the magnetic medium having unequal read lengths.

17. The method of claim 14 further comprising the steps of linearly combining the remanent noise data obtained from the plurality of selected portions and linearly combining the remanent noise data previously determined for the plurality of selected portions, wherein the comparing step includes comparing the linear combinations to thereby determine whether the object is authentic.

18. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of retrieving the remanent noise data previously determined for the selected portion from a database.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein the selecting step includes randomly selecting the at least one portion of the magnetic medium.

20. The method of claim 13 wherein the selecting step includes reliably selecting at least one different portion of the magnetic medium each time the object is authenticated.

42. The method of claim 13 wherein the selecting step includes selecting a portion of the magnetic medium from which a plurality of unique fingerprints can be determined, the obtaining step includes obtaining remanent noise data from said selected portion, and the comparing step includes comparing at least a portion of the remanent noise data obtained from said selected portion with a previous determination thereof.

21. A method for authenticating an object physically remote from a central location by transmitting data between the physically remote object and the central location over a data link, the physically remote object including a magnetic medium, the method comprising the steps of sending over the data link sufficient data for selecting at least one portion of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium, receiving remanent noise data obtained from the selected portion, and comparing at the central location the received remanent noise data with a previous determination thereof to thereby remotely determine whether the physically remote object is authentic.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the sending step includes sending sufficient data for selecting the at least one portion of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium as a portion that is not reliably the same portion selected in a most recent previous selection.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the sending step includes sending sufficient data for randomly selecting the at least one portion of the magnetic medium.

24. The method of claim 21 wherein the sending step includes sending sufficient data for selecting a plurality of portions of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium, the receiving step includes receiving remanent noise data obtained from the plurality of selected portions, and the comparing step includes comparing the received remanent noise data with a previous determination thereof.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of linearly combining the remanent noise data previously determined for the plurality of selected portions, wherein the receiving step includes receiving a linear combination of the remanent noise data obtained from the plurality of selected portions, and the comparing step includes comparing the linear combinations to thereby determine whether the physically remote object is authentic.

26. The method of claim 21 wherein the sending step includes sending sufficient data for selecting at least one different portion of the magnetic medium a next time the object is authenticated.

27. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of retrieving the remanent noise data previously determined for the selected portion from a database.

43. The method of claim 22 wherein the sending step includes sending sufficient data for selecting a portion of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium from which a plurality of unique fingerprints can be determined, the receiving step includes receiving remanent noise data obtained from said selected portion, and the comparing step includes comparing at least a portion of the received remanent noise data with a previous determination thereof.

28. A device for authenticating a physically remote object, the object including at least in part a magnetic medium, the device comprising a selector for selecting at least one portion of the magnetic medium which is not reliably the same portion selected in a most recent previous selection, an input for receiving remanent noise data obtained from the selected portion, and a comparator for comparing the received remanent noise data with a previous determination thereof to thereby determine whether the physically remote object is authentic.

29. The device of claim 28 wherein the selector is configured for selecting a plurality of portions of the object'"'"'s magnetic medium, the input is adapted to receiving remanent noise data obtained from the plurality of selected portions, and the comparator is configured for comparing the received remanent noise data with a previous determination thereof to thereby determine whether the physically remote object is authentic.

30. The device of claim 29 wherein the selector is configured for selecting at least two overlapping portions of the magnetic medium.

31. The device of claim 29 wherein the selector is configured for selecting at least two portions of the magnetic medium having unequal surface areas.

32. The device of claim 29 wherein the received remanent noise data is a linear combination of the remanent noise data obtained from the plurality of selected portions, the device further comprising a combiner for linearly combining the remanent noise data previously determined for the plurality of selected portions, the comparator being configured for comparing the linear combinations to thereby determine whether the physically remote object is authentic.

33. The device of claim 28 further comprising a retriever for retrieving the remanent noise data previously determined for the selected portion from a database.

44. The device of claim 29 wherein the selector is configured for selecting a portion of the magnetic medium from which a plurality of unique fingerprints can be determined, the input is adapted to receiving remanent noise data obtained from said selected portion, and the comparator is configured for comparing at least a portion of the received remanent noise data with a previous determination thereof.

34. A device for facilitating authentication of an object by a physically remote entity, the object including at least in part a magnetic medium, the device comprising an input for receiving a selection of at least one portion of the magnetic medium, a reader for determining a remanent noise from the selected portion of the magnetic medium, and an output for providing data representative of the determined remanent noise.

35. The device of claim 34 wherein the input comprises a keyboard for entering the selection of the at least one portion of the magnetic medium.

36. The device of claim 35 wherein the output comprises a monitor for displaying the data representative of the determined remanent noise.

37. The device of claim 34 wherein the input and the output comprise a modem for receiving the selection and for transmitting the data representative of the determined remanent noise.

38. The device of claim 34 wherein the input is configured for receiving a selection of a plurality of portions of the magnetic medium, the reader is configured for determining a remanent noise from each of the plurality of selected portions, and the output is configured for providing data representative of the determined remanent noises.

39. The device of claim 38 further comprising a combiner for producing a linear combination of the determined remanent noises, the output being configured for providing data representative of the linear combination.

40. The device of claim 38 wherein the input is configured for receiving a selection of a plurality of overlapping portions of the magnetic medium and the reader is configured for determining a remanent noise from each of the plurality of overlapping portions.

41. The device of claim 38 wherein the input is configured for receiving a selection of a plurality of portions of the magnetic medium having unequal surface areas and the reader is configured for determining a remanent noise from the plurality of selected portions having unequal surface areas.