Method and apparatus for achieving power augmentation in gas turbines via wet compression
DCFirst Claim
1. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
- means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet and which means is adapted to modify the mass flow of nebulized water in a plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments such that operationally-induced thermal stresses within said turbine due to the use of said mass flow of nebulized water are sufficiently minimized to preserve structural integrity in said gas turbine; and
means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor.
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Abstract
A wet compression power augmentation apparatus and method for effectively adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine by use of a spray rack group assembly having at least one spray rack water pipe and at least one spray rack water nozzle. Nebulized water mass flow is added in increments such that operationally-induced thermal stresses within the gas turbine are sufficiently minimized to preserve the structural integrity of the gas turbine. Monitoring of the temperature profile of fluid-cooled rotor blades in the turbine section with an optical pyrometer to detect clogging of cooling pathways in those rotor blades from impurities in the liquid added through the wet compression, monitoring of temperature in the gas turbine compressor inlet to guard against the possibility of icing, and use of a laser emitter and laser target measuring system mounted to the exterior of the gas turbine hosing to detect deformation in the housing of the gas turbine from associated cooling effects help enable safe use of the wet compression technique. Addition of steam in the compressor inlet to control the inlet air temperature and to thereby prevent ice-forming conditions in the compressor inlet and elsewhere extends the benefits of the wet compression technique to operation in cooler climates.
212 Citations
88 Claims
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1. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet and which means is adapted to modify the mass flow of nebulized water in a plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments such that operationally-induced thermal stresses within said turbine due to the use of said mass flow of nebulized water are sufficiently minimized to preserve structural integrity in said gas turbine; and means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 80)
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16. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and an axial compressor, said axial compressor having a rotor, said rotor having an axis of rotation and an axial compressor inlet, said gas turbine further having an inlet air duct attached to said housing and in fluid communication with said axial compressor inlet for providing an inlet air stream to said axial compressor, said inlet air duct having a lower surface and an inlet air duct constricted portion whose axis is essentially perpendicular to said axis of rotation, comprising:
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means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said inlet air duct constricted portion and which means is adapted to modify the mass flow of nebulized water in a plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments such that operationally-induced thermal stresses within said gas turbine due to the use of said mass flow of nebulized water are sufficiently minimized to preserve structural intergrity in said gas turbine; and means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles is provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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30. A wet compression power augmentation method for adding nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor, said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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nebulizing water in said compressor inlet; and adding water to modify said nebulized water in a plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments such that operationally-induced thermal stresses within said gas turbine due to the ingestion and evaporation in whole or in part of said nebulized water are sufficiently minimized to preserve structural integrity in said gas turbine. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 71)
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39. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet; means for detecting deformation in said housing; and means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53)
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54. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine constructed of alloyed metal components containing alloying elements, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet; and means for providing water to said nebulizing water means wherein said means for providing water provides water having a compositional balance of chemical elements respective to said alloyed metal components so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained water particles is provided to said compressor inlet, said compositional balance sufficiently minimizing leaching of alloying elements from said alloyed metal components so that the integrity of said alloyed metal components is properly preserved.
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55. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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an inlet air duct attached to said compressor in fluid communication with said compressor inlet, said inlet air duct having a lower surface; means for nebulizing water positioned in said inlet air duct with sufficient separation from said axial compressor inlet such that, in operation, any portion of said means for nebulizing water which breaks away from said means for nebulizing water will be gravitationally pulled to said lower surface before said portion is conveyed into said compressor by forces derived from pressure and flow attributes within said inlet air duct; and means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70)
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72. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing, a turbine section having a plurality of fluid cooled rotor blades, and a compressor, and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for monitoring the temperature profile of each of said fluid cooled rotor blades; means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet; means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor; and means for detecting deformation in said housing associated with the ingestion of said entrained liquid water particles into the compressor. - View Dependent Claims (73, 81, 82, 83)
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74. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing, a turbine section having a plurality of fluid cooled rotor blades and a compressor having a compressor inlet, with the gas turbine being attached to an inlet duct which is in fluid communication with the compressor inlet, said power augmentation apparatus comprising:
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means for monitoring the temperature profile of each of said fluid cooled rotor blades; means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet; means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor; and a viewport in said inlet duct positioned near said compressor inlet so that icing from the addition of the nebulized water can be monitored. - View Dependent Claims (75)
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76. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing, a turbine section having a plurality of fluid cooled rotor blades, and a compressor, and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for monitoring the temperature profile of each of said fluid cooled rotor blades; means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet; means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor; and means for adding steam in said compressor inlet. - View Dependent Claims (77)
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78. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing, a turbine section having a plurality of fluid cooled rotor blades, and a compressor, and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for monitoring the temperature profile of each of said fluid cooled rotor blades; means for nebulizing water positioned essentially in said compressor inlet, with said means being suited for delivering a mass flow of nebulized water to the compressor inlet in a plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments so that operationally-induced thermal stresses within said gas turbine due to the use of said mass flow of nebulized water are sufficiently minimized to preserve the structural integrity of the gas turbine, and wherein at least one increment of the plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments is provided by means of a nozzle whose throughput corresponds to the increment; and means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that, in continuous operation, an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to said compressor inlet and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor. - View Dependent Claims (79)
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84. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for providing nebulized water to said compressor inlet in the form of a plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments; means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to the compressor inlet in the operation of the turbine and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor; and means for detecting deformation in the turbine'"'"'s housing. - View Dependent Claims (85)
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86. A wet compression power augmentation apparatus for adding a mass flow of nebulized water to a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor and said compressor having a compressor inlet, comprising:
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means for providing nebulized water to said compressor inlet in the form of a plurality of nebulized water mass flow increments; means for providing a sufficient amount of water to said nebulizing water means so that an inlet air stream having entrained liquid water particles may be provided to the compressor inlet in the operation of the turbine and the work of compression lessened thereby through latent heat intercooling in the compressor; and means for adding steam in the compressor inlet.
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87. A wet compression power augmentation method for achieving an increase in power production from a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor with a compressor inlet, comprising:
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providing an amount of nebulized water to said compressor inlet so that at least a portion of this water is ingested by and evaporated in the compressor, and thereby provides a degree of latent heat intercooling to said compressor; incrementally modifying the mass flow of nebulized water provided to said compressor inlet; and detecting deformation in said housing as the mass flow is so modified.
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88. A wet compression power augmentation method for achieving an increase in power production from a gas turbine, said gas turbine having a housing and a compressor with a compressor inlet, comprising:
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providing an amount of nebulized water to said compressor inlet so that at least a portion of this water is ingested by and evaporated in the compressor, and thereby provides a degree of latent heat intercooling to said compressor; incrementally modifying the mass flow of nebulized water provided to said compressor inlet; and
adding steam in said compressor inlet to keep ice from forming in the compressor inlet.
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Specification