Autofocus system for scanning microscopy having a volume image formation
First Claim
1. An apparatus for generating a volume image, comprising:
- a plurality of imaging devices, in which at least one imaging device is positioned at a respective image plane of a plurality of image planes, where each image plane is displaced in a third dimension with respect to each other image plane;
an image forming apparatus coupled to the plurality of imaging devices for forming a plurality of electronic image representations representing images at respective image planes of the plurality of image planes; and
means coupled to the image forming apparatus for acquiring a volume image by storing successive pluralities of electronic image representations.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Reliable autofocus is required to obtain accurate measurements of fluorescent stained cellular components from a system capable of scanning multiple microscope fields. Autofocus could be performed directly with fluorescence images, but due to photobleaching and destructive fluorescence by-products, it is best to minimize fluorescence exposure for photosensitive specimens and live cells. This exposure problem could be completely avoided by using phase-contrast microscopy, implemented through the same optics as fluorescence microscopy. Functions for both phase-contrast and fluorescence autofocus were evaluated using the present invention and the suitability of phase-contrast autofocus for fluorescence microscopy was determined. The present autofocus system for scanning microscopy can be performed at least as fast as 0.25 s/field without loss of precision. The speed of autofocus can be further increased by a volume image which is obtained by observing an image object at each image plane of a plurality of image planes, where each image plane is vertically displaced with respect to each other image plane. An electronic image representation is obtained at each image plane. The image planes are scanned over the image object and the images arm aligned timewise in a buffer. The buffer holds a volume image comprising images at the image planes, aligned by the buffer. The image plane having the best focus is selected and a microscope objective is automatically positioned at the selected plane.
248 Citations
29 Claims
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1. An apparatus for generating a volume image, comprising:
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a plurality of imaging devices, in which at least one imaging device is positioned at a respective image plane of a plurality of image planes, where each image plane is displaced in a third dimension with respect to each other image plane; an image forming apparatus coupled to the plurality of imaging devices for forming a plurality of electronic image representations representing images at respective image planes of the plurality of image planes; and means coupled to the image forming apparatus for acquiring a volume image by storing successive pluralities of electronic image representations. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A method for volume imaging using a plurality of imaging devices in which at least one imaging device is positioned at an image plane of a plurality of image planes, where each image plane is displaced in a third dimension with respect to each other image plane, the method comprising the steps of:
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orienting the plurality of imaging devices such that the imaging devices observe an image object in an image object plane; using the plurality of imaging devices, obtaining a plurality of images of the image object, each image of the plurality of images obtained in a respective imaging device; converting the plurality of images into a plurality of electronic image representations; storing the plurality of electronic image representations; and obtaining a volume image by storing successive pluralities of electronic representations. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17)
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18. An autofocus apparatus for autofocusing a microscope having a focus mechanism, the apparatus comprising:
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a plurality of the imaging devices, at least one imaging device of the plurality of imaging devices positioned at each respective image plane of a plurality of image planes, where each image plane is displaced in a third dimension with respect to each other image plane; an image forming apparatus coupled to the plurality of imaging devices to form a plurality of electronic image representations, each electronic image representation representing an image at a respective two-dimensional image plane of the plurality of image planes; a storage for forming a volume image by retaining successive pluralities of electronic image representations; a processor coupled to the storage for generating a focus location signal by applying a measurement function to the electronic image representations; and means for causing the focus mechanism to adjust the focus of the microscope in response to the focus location signal. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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29. A method for autofocus for a microscope having a focus mechanism, the method comprising the steps of:
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acquiring a plurality of electronic image representations of an image object on an image object plane, wherein each electronic image representation represents an image of the image object at a respective image plane of a plurality of image planes in which each image plane is displaced in a third dimension with respect to every other image plane; forming a volume image by storing successive pluralities of electronic image representations; applying stored electronic image representations to a highpass filter to obtain a plurality of filtered electronic image representations; applying a measurement function to the plurality of filtered electronic image representations to obtain a plurality of image sharpness values; combining the image sharpness values by relating the image sharpness values to image plane positions; selecting an image plane position related in the combining step to a high image sharpness value; and adjusting focus of the microscope based on the selected image plane position.
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Specification